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Science, Technology and Innovation Policies for Development pp 255–285Cite as

Science, Technology, and Innovation Policies for Inclusive Development: Shifting Trends in South America

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Abstract

This chapter analyzes the linkages between science, technology, and innovation (STI) policies and inclusive development. These connections are first studied from an analytical perspective and then through four current STI programs in the South American context. STI policies are increasingly framed and approached in relation to social inclusion and development. Learning from these experiences is of utmost importance both analytically and policy-wise. This work attempts to contribute to this learning process.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    UNDP inclusive development: http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/ourwork/povertyreduction/focus_areas/focus_inclusive_development/, last accessed April 1, 2013.

  2. 2.

    Hirschman (1986) noted that development does not depend so much on finding the optimal combinations of assets, but it is about resources and capabilities. During the 1970s, the gap between developed and developing countries increased, and promises about its benefits did not take place. On the opposite, poverty and inequality augmented. In Latin America, it has been difficult to conciliate growth with equity, that convergence has been missing, the “empty box” of Latin America’s development Fajnzylber (1989). “Industrialización en América Latina: de la ‘caja negra’ al ‘casillero vacío’: comparación de patrones contemporáneos de industrialización.” Cuadernos de la CEPAL 60.

  3. 3.

    In spite of the theoretical consensus about the positive relationship between innovation and economic growth, empirically there are some differences. While this relationship holds in the context of developed countries, it is not so clear in developing countries where growth historically has been strongly related to the exploitation of natural resources and low-skilled labor, rather than knowledge.

  4. 4.

    For more information, see http://www.colciencias.gov.co/sobre_colciencias?vdt=info_portal|page_2.

  5. 5.

    For more information, see http://www.secretariasenado.gov.co/senado/basedoc/ley/2009/ley_1286_2009.html, last accessed 1 April 2013.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Social Sciences, University of the Republic, Ciudad de Guayaquil 1524, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay

    Isabel Bortagaray

  2. Postgraduate Program in Economics and Innovation Management, Autonomous Metropolitan University UAM-X, Mexico City, Mexico

    Natalia Gras

Authors
  1. Isabel Bortagaray
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  2. Natalia Gras
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Isabel Bortagaray .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Washington, District of Columbia, USA

    Gustavo Crespi

  2. Mexico City, Mexico

    Gabriela Dutrénit

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Bortagaray, I., Gras, N. (2014). Science, Technology, and Innovation Policies for Inclusive Development: Shifting Trends in South America. In: Crespi, G., Dutrénit, G. (eds) Science, Technology and Innovation Policies for Development. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04108-7_11

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