Keywords

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figure a

The horseshoe kidney (↑) is a congenital anomaly, at which kidneys are united by the isthmus in the region of lower poles. There are two variants of coalescence: median or symmetrical (most common) and lateral or asymmetrical. This condition is associated with high probability of traumatic damage, development of Wilms tumors, renal cell carcinomas, vesicoureteral reflux, and urolithiasis.