Advertisement

Thermal and Processing Technologies

  • Alexander ZahndEmail author
Chapter
First Online:
  • 699 Downloads
Part of the Springer Theses book series (Springer Theses)

Abstract

“Poverty alleviation and development depend on the access to energy services that are affordable, reliable and of good quality” (Reddy 2002, Saghir 2005), and as the WEA/UNDP (2000) report confirms, there are “clear linkages between improved access to energy services and reduced infant mortality and fertility rates and increased literacy and life-expectancy”. But too often one is inclined to limit energy services to the availability of electricity, leaving out other important energy services such as cooking, room heating, and water heating for improved hygiene.

Keywords

Combustion Chamber Solar Collector Energy Service Global Solar Radiation Space Heating 
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check access.

References

  1. Ahrens, C. D. (2003). Meteorology today (7th ed., chapter 3, pp. 57–59, 66, Figure 3.14, chapter 11, p. 286). Brookes/Cole.Google Scholar
  2. Bena, B., & Fuller, R. J. (2002). Natural convection solar drier with biomass back-up heater. Solar Energy, 72(1), 75–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  3. Cooper, P. I., & Fuller, R. J. (1983). A transient model of the interaction between crop, environment and greenhouse structure for predicting crop yield and energy consumption. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 28(5), 401–417.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  4. Cornwell, K. (1977). The Flow of Heat. Berkshire, U.K: Van Nostrand Reinhold Co. Ltd.Google Scholar
  5. DDC. (2004). District Profile of Humla (DPH). (in Nepali language), Government of Nepal, Simikot, Nepal.Google Scholar
  6. Duffie, J. A., & Beckmann, W. A. (1991). Solar engineering of thermal processes (2nd ed., chapter 5.7., p. 231). New York: John Wiley.Google Scholar
  7. EIA. (2002). World Energy Outlook 2002. Paris: International Energy Agency, OECD/IEA. Retrieved March 10, 2010, on November 1, 2011 not available any more from http://www.iea.org/Textbase/nppdf/free/2000/weo2002.pdf
  8. Emeriau, S. (2006). Nutritional exploratory mission—Humla and Mugu Districts, Nepal. Kathmandu, Nepal: Action Contre le Faim (ACF).Google Scholar
  9. Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO). (1988). Utilization of Solar and Geothermal Energy for Heating Greenhouses, Report and Proceedings of CNRE Workshop, Turkey. CNRE Bulletin No.21, Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations, Rome, ItalyGoogle Scholar
  10. Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO). (2003). Trade reforms and food security. Conceptualizing the linkages. Rome, Italy: Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations.Google Scholar
  11. Garzoli, K. V. (1988). Greenhouses—handbook for nurserymen, horticulturalists and gardeners. Canberra, Australia: Australian Government Publishing Service.Google Scholar
  12. Goldemberg, J. (2000). World energy assessment: Energy and the challenge of sustainability, chapter 10: Rural energy in developing countries (p. 380), UNDP 2000. Retrieved July 23, 2012 from http://www.undp.org/content/dam/undp/library/Environment%20and%20Energy/Sustainable%20Energy/wea%202000/chapter10.pdf
  13. Haddix, M. K., & Zahnd, A. (2005). A social and health impact assessment in Chauganphaya and Kholsi, phase one. Kathmandu, Nepal: The ISIS Foundation & RIDS-Nepal.Google Scholar
  14. Koirala, B. S. n.d. Biomass energy uses: an experience and application of alternative energy technologies in Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal: Environment Advisor, Rural Energy Development Program, UNDP. Retrieved July 19, 2012, from http://www.p2pays.org/ref/35/34321.pdf
  15. Morrison, G. (2003). Solar thermal energy MECH9720, performance of solar water heaters (p. 272). Sydney: UNSW Australia, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering.Google Scholar
  16. Nayak, C. A., Suguna, K., & Rastagoni, N. K. (2006). Combined effect of gamma-irradiation and osmotic treatment on mass transfer during rehydration of carrots. Journal Food Engineering, 74, 134–142.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  17. Nepal Trust. (2007). Health—a basic human right for some….. The Nepal Trust Organisation, Health Projects. Retrieved July 22, 2011, from http://www.nepaltrust.org/
  18. Nepal Institute of Development Studies (NIDS). (2003). Ranking of districts based on weighted scores, Nepal Institute of Development Studies. Retrieved November 1, 2011, from http://www.hdihumla.org.np/remote-districts-of-nepal.htm
  19. Peck, M. K., & Proctor, D. (1983). Design and performance of a roof integrated solar air heater. Solar Energy, 31(2), 183–189.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  20. Rai, K. (2005). Development of improved cooking stoves for mountain areas of nepal. Nepal: Research, Development and Consultancy Unit, School of Engineering, Kathmandu University.Google Scholar
  21. Rai, K., Zahnd, A., & Cannell, J. K. (2005). High-altitude smokeless metal stove research and development. Unpublished final Report on High-altitude Smokeless Metal Stove. Dhulikhel, Nepal: Kathmandu University.Google Scholar
  22. Rai, K., & Zahnd, A. (2006). High-altitude smokeless metal stove research and development. Boiling Point 51, 37–38. Retrieved July 25, 2012, from http://practicalaction.org/docs/energy/boilingpoint51.pdf
  23. Reddy, A. K. N. (2002). Energy technologies and policies for rural development. In T. B. Johansson, J. Goldemberg (Eds.), Energy for sustainable development: A policy agenda (Ch. 4, pp. 115–136). New York: UNDP.Google Scholar
  24. Rozis, J-F., Guinebault, A. (1996). Solar Heating in Cold Regions. London, U.K: Intermediate Technology Publications Ltd.Google Scholar
  25. Saghir, J. (2005, May). Energy and poverty: Myths, links, and policy issues. Energy Working Notes, World Bank: Energy and Mining Sector Board, No. 4.Google Scholar
  26. Sandhu, B. S., Mannan, K. D., Dhillon, G. S., & Cheema, L. S. (1979). Design, development and performance of multi-rack, natural convection drier. In Proceedings ISES Congress, Atlanta, Georgia (pp. 25–28).Google Scholar
  27. Sorenson, B. (2005). Renewable energy, its physics, engineering, environmental impacts, economics & planning (3rd ed., p. 359). ISBN 0-12-656153-2, chapter 4, Figure 4.17, Amsterdam: Elsevier.Google Scholar
  28. TRNSYS. (2005). TRNSYS Version 16.0, Solar Energy Laboratory, University of Wisconsin, USA, web site with the latest TRNSYS version 17. Retrieved July 23, 2012, from http://sel.me.wisc.edu/trnsys/index.html
  29. Turkenburg, W. C. (2000). Renewable energy technologies, chapter 3: Energy, the environment, and health (pp. 247–251), World Energy Assessment: Energy and the Challenge of Sustainability, UNDP.Google Scholar
  30. UNDP. (2006). Human Development Report 2006—Beyond scarcity; Power, poverty and the global water crisis, p. 294, New York, USA: United Nations Development Program. Retrieved July 24, 2012, from http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR06-complete.pdf
  31. Warwick, H., Doig, A. (2004). Smoke—the killer in the kitchen. London: ITDG Publication, ISBN 1 85339 588 9. Retrieved July 24, 2012, from http://practicalaction.org/docs/smoke/itdg%20smoke%20report.pdf
  32. World Energy Assessment (WEA) (2000). Energy and the Challenge of Sustainability, UNDP, New York, USA. Retrieved July 24, 2012, from http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/librarypage/environment-energy/sustainable_energy/world_energy_assessmentenergyandthechallengeofsustainability.html
  33. WECS. (2006). Annual Report 2005. HMG of Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal.Google Scholar
  34. Whillier, A., & Saluja, G. (1965). The thermal performance of solar water heaters. Solar Energy, 9(1), 21–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  35. WHO. (2006). Fuel for life: Household energy and health. Switzerland: WHO Geneva.Google Scholar
  36. Winrock. (2004). Household energy, indoor air pollution and health impacts—status report for Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal: Winrock International Nepal. Retrieved July 24, 2012, from http://www.pciaonline.org/files/Nepal_Household_Energy_and_Health_Overview.pdf
  37. World Bank. (2010). The little Green Data Book. International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank, p. 153, ISBN: 978-0-8213-8245-5, 1818 H Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20433, USA. Retrieved July 24, 2012, from http://www.semide.net/media_server/files/semide/topics/water-data/little-green-data-book-2010-world-bank/GreenDataBook2010_WorldBank.pdf
  38. Zahnd, A. (1998). Firewood consumption survey in Jumla Villages, Jumla, Nepal. Unpublished data survey.Google Scholar
  39. Zahnd, A., & Malla, A. (2006, September 13–15). High-altitude solar water heater community bathing centre—renewable energy utilised for a remote and impoverished Himalayan Village in Humla Nepal. In ANZSES 2006, Canberra, Australia. Retrieved July 24, 2012, http://www.rids-nepal.org/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=11&Itemid=104

Copyright information

© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2013

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaUSA

Personalised recommendations

Cite chapter

Buy options