Abstract
Urbanisation and climate change are among the major contemporary challenges for sustainable development in Africa. On this background, the overall aim of the European Commission’s 7th Framework Programme project CLUVA (CLimate Change and Urban Vulnerability in Africa) has been to develop innovative approaches to vulnerability analysis and for the enhancement of urban resilience. CLUVA was unique in that it combined a top-down perspective of climate change modelling with a bottom-up perspective of vulnerability assessment; quantitative approaches from engineering sciences and qualitative approaches of social sciences; a novel multi-risk modelling methodology; strategic approaches to urban and green infrastructure planning with neighbourhood perspectives to adaptation. This chapter synthesises important results of the CLUVA project by highlighting the critical factors for urban vulnerability that were identified by the African-European research team while working with the five case study cities of Dar es Salaam (Tanzania), Saint Louis (Senegal), Douala (Cameroon), Addis Ababa (Ethiopia) and Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso) from 2010 to 2013. It particularly explores the future path towards climate resilient cities from diverse perspectives, suggesting a set of building blocks for Africa’s urban future.
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Notes
- 1.
Seventh Framework Programme, Grant agreement no. 265137: “CLimate change and Urban Vulnerability in Africa”, 2010–2013, www.cluva.eu
- 2.
Nevertheless, it should be kept in mind that any climate data-related forecasts rest on hypotheses being of anthropogenic offspring and are extremely difficult to predict. Furthermore, a variety of additional aspects with importance for city authorities, such as the economic evaluation of scenarios or the holistic survey on hazards and their possible impacts on the cities’ peri-urban hinterlands, were beyond the scope of CLUVA’s research. The findings should thus be interpreted on the background of these data limitations.
- 3.
Consisting of the UMTs mixed forest, riverine, bushland, mangrove, marsh/swamp, parks and other open space; see also Chap. 4, section “Development pressure”.
- 4.
Indeed, small cities and towns might offer several advantages when it comes to adaptation to climate change. From a socio-political perspective, short ways can ease the establishment of a political will to address climate change. Moreover, small cities’ inhabitants are easier to mobilise for participatory planning than they might be in large informal settlements of big urban centres. From an economic perspective, small cities are nodes between rural produces and their markets and as such rest on a close relationship to their hinterlands, being in the position to be platforms for initiating a “climate-smart rural development” (see also Chap. 5, Box 5.1). Strategically, small cities and towns might thus play an important role to reduce the pressure on cities by stemming migration flows. More research will be meaningful to shed light on the different roles of places within African settlement hierarchies with concern to adaptation to climate change.
- 5.
The idea of City Climate Labs is inspired by the lead author’s own field experience with UNIDO/UNEP’s global network of National Cleaner Production Centres (NCPC). For further information, see http://www.unido.org/NCPC/. Accessed 31 Aug 2014
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Fohlmeister, S., Pauleit, S., Coly, A., Touré, H., Yeshitela, K. (2015). The Way Forward: Climate Resilient Cities for Africa’s Future. In: Pauleit, S., et al. Urban Vulnerability and Climate Change in Africa. Future City, vol 4. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03982-4_12
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