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MicroRNAs Linking Cancer and Inflammation: Focus on Liver Cancer

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Book cover MicroRNAs: Key Regulators of Oncogenesis

Abstract

Due to their great variety of targets, microRNAs (miRNAs) play a key role in number of physiological processes and in oncogenesis. The identification of specific miRNA signatures in various types of tumors, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), highlighted the dual role of miRNAs, both oncogenic and tumor suppressive. HCC is a cancer of poor prognosis that mainly develops on an injured liver. Here, we will review the current knowledge concerning the deregulation of miRNA expression at all stages of hepatocarcinogenesis, including the underlying liver disease, in particular steatohepatitis and fibrosis. We will develop the data concerning the identification of specific miRNA signatures in hepatocellular carcinoma, either in tumor or in sera. Since HCC appears in a context of chronic inflammation after recurrent liver injury, it also constitutes one of the best example in which miRNAs are key mediators for the communication between tumor cells and tumor microenvironment. The role of miRNAs in liver inflammation will be detailed in this chapter. To conclude, all studies focusing on miRNAs in HCC argue for their possible use as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Promisingly, miRNAs appear as potent therapeutic targets to improve HCC treatment, for which surgery remains the most frequent therapeutic option.

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Acknowledgements

This work has been supported by the Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer (Labellisation Programme 2011–2013) and the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (WNT-METABOLIV, 2011–2013).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Oncogenesis of Digestive Epithelia, Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, 75014, France

    Angélique Gougelet & Sabine Colnot

  2. Cnrs, UMR8104, Paris, 75014, France

    Angélique Gougelet & Sabine Colnot

  3. Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, 75006, France

    Angélique Gougelet & Sabine Colnot

Authors
  1. Angélique Gougelet
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  2. Sabine Colnot
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Correspondence to Angélique Gougelet .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Dept. of Molec. Genetics, Fac. of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

    Sadegh Babashah

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Gougelet, A., Colnot, S. (2014). MicroRNAs Linking Cancer and Inflammation: Focus on Liver Cancer. In: Babashah, S. (eds) MicroRNAs: Key Regulators of Oncogenesis. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03725-7_8

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