Abstract
The intent of this chapter is to summarize major findings from the 102 studies of ID practices and to offer recommendations for future studies and emphases. A majority of current research is inconclusive, yet still evolving. Overall, the purpose of this monograph is to provide an overview of ID and its impact on the educational technology discipline (Chap. 1), an analysis of studies of ID practices (Chap. 2) and a summary of these studies (Chap. 3). With the macro perspective and “bird’s-eye view” of these studies, the goal of this chapter is to discuss and consider next steps for this line of research.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
References Marked with an Asterisk Indicate Studies Included in this Review
*Allen, M. (1996). A profile of instructional designers in Australia. Distance Education, 17(1), 7–32.
Atchison, B. J. (1996). Roles and competencies of instructional design as identified by expert instructional designers. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University.
Blair, K., Schwartz, D. L., Biswas, G., & Leelawong, K. (2007). Pedagogical agents for learning by teaching: Teachable agents. Educational Technology, 47(1), 56–61.
*Boot, E. W., van Merrienboer, J. G., & Veerman, A. L. (2007). Novice and experienced instructional software developers: Effects on materials created with instructional software templates. Educational Technology Research and Development, 55(6), 647–666.
*Brill, J. M., Bishop, M. J., & Walker, A. E. (2006). The competencies and characteristics required of an effective project manager: A web-based Delphi study. Educational Technology Research and Development, 54(2), 115–140.
*Campbell, K., Schwier, R. A., & Kenny, R. (2006). Conversation as inquiry: A conversation with instructional designers. Journal of Learning Design, 1(3), 1–18.
*Campbell, K., Schwier, R. A., & Kenny, R. F. (2009). The critical, relational practice of instructional design in higher education: An emerging model of change agency. Educational Technology Research and Development, 57(5), 645–663.
*Cates, W. M. (1994). Estimating the time required to produce computer-based instructional lessons: Descriptive analyses of the production data of novice instructional developers. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 10(1), 29–40.
*Chen, W., Moore, J. L., & Vo, N. (2012). Formative evaluation with novice designers: Two case studies within an online multimedia development course. International Journal of Instructional Media, 39(2), 95–111.
*Christensen, T. K., & Osguthorpe, R. T. (2004). How do instructional design practitioners make instructional strategy decisions? Performance Improvement Quarterly, 17(3), 45–65.
*Cox, S., & Osguthorpe, R. T. (2003). How do instructional design professionals spend their time? TechTrends, 47(3), 45–47.
*Dabbagh, N. & Blijd, C. W., (2010). Students’ perceptions of their learning experiences in an authentic instructional design context. Interdisciplinary Journal of Problem-based Learning, 4(1), 6–29.
*Dabbagh, N. H., Jonassen, D. H., Yueh, H. P., & Samouilova, M. (2000). Assessing a problem-based learning approach to an introductory instructional design course: A case study. Performance Improvement Quarterly, 13(3), 60–83.
Deken, F., Kleinsmann, M., Aurisicchio, M., Lauche, K., & Bracewell, R. (2012). Tapping into past design experiences: Knowledge sharing and creation during novice–expert design consultations. Research in Engineering Design, 23(3), 203–218.
Dick, W. (1996). The dick and carey model: Will it survive the decade? Educational Technology Research and Development, 44(3), 55–63.
*Dicks, D., & Ives, C. (2008). Instructional designers at work: A study of how designers design. Canadian Journal of Learning and Technology, 34(2).
*Ertmer, P. A., Stepich, D. A., York, C. S., Stickman, A., Wu, X. L., Zurek, S., & Goktas, Y. (2008). How instructional design experts use knowledge and experience to solve ill‐structured problems. Performance Improvement Quarterly, 21(1), 17–42.
*Ertmer, P. A., Stepich, D. A., Flanagan, S., Kocaman‐Karoglu, A., Reiner, C., Reyes, L., et al. (2009a). Impact of guidance on the problem‐solving efforts of instructional design novices. Performance Improvement Quarterly, 21(4), 117–132.
*Ertmer, P. A., York, C. S., & Gedik, N. (2009b). Learning from the pros: How experienced designers translate instructional design models into practice. Educational Technology, 49(1), 19–27.
*Fortney, K. S., & Yamagata‐Lynch, L. C. (2013). How instructional designers solve workplace problems. Performance Improvement Quarterly, 25(4), 91–109.
*Ge, X., Chen, C. H., & Davis, K. A. (2005). Scaffolding novice instructional designers’ problem-solving processes using question prompts in a web-based learning environment. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 33(2), 219–248.
*Ge, X., & Hardré, P. L. (2010). Self-processes and learning environment as influences in the development of expertise in instructional design. Learning Environments Research, 13(1), 23–41.
*Hardré, P. L., & Kollmann, S. (2013). Dynamics of instructional and perceptual factors in instructional design competence development. Journal of Learning Design, 6(1), 34–48.
Hokanson, B., & Miller, C. (2009). Role-based design: A contemporary framework for innovation and creativity in instructional design. Educational Technology, 49(2), 21–28.
*Holcomb, C., Wedman, J. F., & Tessmer, M. (1996). ID activities and project success: Perceptions of practitioners. Performance Improvement Quarterly, 9(1), 49–61.
*Honebein, P. C., & Honebein, C. H. (2014). The influence of cognitive domain content levels and gender on designer judgments regarding useful instructional methods. Educational Technology Research and Development, 62(1), 53–69.
*Jin, S. H., & Boling, E. (2010). Instructional designer’s intentions and learners’ perceptions of the instructional functions of visuals in an e-learning context. Journal of Visual Literacy, 29(2), 143–166.
*Johari, A., & Bradshaw, A. C. (2008). Project-based learning in an internship program: A qualitative study of related roles and their motivational attributes. Educational Technology Research and Development, 56(3), 329–359.
*Julian, M. F., Kinzie, M. B., & Larsen, V. A. (2000). Compelling case experiences; performance, practice, and application for emerging instructional designers. Performance Improvement Quarterly, 13(3), 164–201.
Keller, J. M. (1987). Development and use of the ARCS model of instructional design. Journal of Instructional Development, 10(3), 2–10.
*Kerr, S. T. (1983). Inside the black box: Making design decisions for instruction. British Journal of Educational Technology, 14(1), 45–58.
*Kirschner, P., Carr, C., Merriënboer, J., & Sloep, P. (2002). How expert designers design. Performance Improvement Quarterly, 15(4), 86–104.
Klein, J. D., Grabowski, B., Spector, J. M., & de la Teja, I. (2008). Competencies for instructors: A validation study. In M. Orey, V. J. McLendon, & R. M. Branch (Eds.), Educational media and technology yearbook 2008. Greenwood: Portsmouth, NH.
*Klimczak, A. K., & Wedman, J. F. (1996). Instructional design project success indicators: An empirical basis. Performance Improvement Quarterly, 9(4), 5–18.
*Klimczak, A. K., & Wedman, J. F. (1997). Instructional design project success factors: An empirical basis. Educational Technology Research and Development, 45(2), 75–83.
*Kollmann, S., & Hardré, P. L. (2013) Tools of the trade: The role of perceptions and context in designing and developing instructional learning aids. Journal of Applied Instructional Design, 3(1), 5–18.
*Larson, M. B. (2005). Instructional design career environments: Survey of the alignment of preparation and practice. TechTrends, 49(6), 22–32.
*Larson, M. B., & Lockee, B. B. (2009). Preparing instructional designers for different career environments: A case study. Educational Technology Research and Development, 57(1), 1–24.
*Lin, H. (2007). The ethics of instructional technology: Issues and coping strategies experienced by professional technologists in design and training situations in higher education. Educational Technology Research and Development, 55(5), 411–437.
*Magliaro, S. G., & Shambaugh, N. (2006). Student models of instructional design. Educational Technology Research and Development, 54(1), 83–106.
McDonnell, J. (2009). Collaborative negotiation in design: A study of design conversations between architect and building users. CoDesign, 5(1), 35–50.
*Perez, R. S., & Emery, C. D. (1995). Designer thinking: How novices and experts think about instructional design. Performance Improvement Quarterly, 8(3), 80–95.
*Perez, R. S., Johnson, J. F., & Emery, C. D. (1995). Instructional design expertise: A cognitive model of design. Instructional Science, 23(5–6), 321–349.
*Perkins, R. A. (2009). Context‐oriented instructional design for course transformation. New Directions for Teaching and Learning, 2009(118), 85–94.
*Quinn, J. (1994). Connecting education and practice in an instructional design graduate program. Educational Technology Research and Development, 42(3), 71–82.
*Razak, R. A. (2013). Bridging the gap between experts in designing multimedia-based instructional media for learning. Malaysian Online Journal of Educational Technology, 1(3), 44.
Rich, P., Sugar, W., Luterbach, K., Mayer, A., & McPhillen, A. (2013, November). Examining multimedia production course offerings in Educational Technology programs. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Association of Educational Communications and Technology, Anaheim, CA.
Richey, R. C., Fields, D. C., Foxon, M. (with Roberts, R. C., Spannaus, T., & Spector, J. M.) (2001). Instructional design competencies: The standards. (3rd ed.). Syracuse, NY: ERIC Clearinghouse on Information and Technology.
*Ritzhaupt, A. D., & Martin, F. (2014). Development and validation of the educational technologist multimedia competency survey. Educational Technology Research and Development, 62(1), 13–33.
*Ritzhaupt, A., Martin, F., & Daniels, K. (2010). Multimedia competencies for an educational technologist: A survey of professionals and job announcement analysis. Journal of Educational Multimedia and Hypermedia, 19(4), 421–449.
*Rowland, G. (1992). What do instructional designers actually do? An initial investigation of expert practice. Performance Improvement Quarterly, 5(2), 65–86.
*Rowley, K. (2005). Inquiry into the practices of expert courseware designers: A pragmatic method for the design of effective instructional systems. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 33(4), 419–450.
*Roytek, M. A. (2010). Enhancing instructional design efficiency: Methodologies employed by instructional designers. British Journal of Educational Technology, 41(2), 170–180.
*Schwier, R. A., Campbell, K., & Kenny, R. (2004). Instructional designers’ observations about identity, communities of practice and change agency. Australian Journal of Educational Technology, 20(1), 69–100.
*Schwier, R. A., & Wilson, J. R. (2010). Unconventional roles and activities identified by instructional designers. Contemporary Educational Technology, 1(2), 134–147.
Scott, J. (2013). Social network analysis (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.
*Sharma, P., & Hannafin, M. J. (2004). Scaffolding in technology-enhanced learning environments. Interactive Learning Environments, 15(1), 27–46.
*Sheehan, M. D., & Johnson, R. B. (2012). Philosophical and methodological beliefs of instructional design faculty and professionals. Educational Technology Research and Development, 60(1), 131–153.
Song, J. (1998). An examination of the instructional design competencies written by the International Board of Standards for Training Performance and Instruction. Unpublished masters thesis. St. Cloud, MN: St. Cloud State University.
*Stepich, D. A., Ertmer, P. A., & Lane, M. M. (2001). Problem-solving in a case-based course: Strategies for facilitating coached expertise. Educational Technology Research and Development, 49(3), 53–67.
Sugar, W., & Betrus, A. (2002). The many hats of an instructional designer: The development of an instructional card game. Educational Technology, 42(1), 45–51.
*Sugar, W., Brown, A., Daniels, L., Hoard, B. (2011). Instructional design and technology professionals in higher education: Multimedia production knowledge and skills identified from a Delphi study. Journal of Applied Instructional Design, 1(2), 30–46.
*Sugar, W., Hoard, B., Brown, A., & Daniels, L. (2012). Identifying multimedia production competencies and skills of instructional design and technology professionals: An analysis of recent job postings. Journal of Educational Technology Systems, 40(3), 227–249.
*Thach, E. C., & Murphy, K. L. (1995). Competencies for distance education professionals. Educational Technology Research and Development, 43(1), 57–79.
*Thompson‐Sellers, I., & Calandra, B. (2012). Ask the instructional designers: A cursory glance at practice in the workplace. Performance Improvement, 51(7), 21–27.
*Tracey, M. W., & Unger, K. L. (2012). A design-based research case study documenting a constructivist ID process and instructional solution for a cross-cultural workforce. Instructional Science, 40(3), 461–476.
*Uduma, L., & Morrison, G. R. (2007). How do instructional designers use automated instructional design tool? Computers in Human Behavior, 23(1), 536–553.
*Verstegen, D., Barnard, Y., & Pilot, A. (2008). Instructional design by novice designers: Two empirical studies. Journal of Interactive Learning Research, 19(2), 351–383.
*Villachica, S. W., Marker, A., & Taylor, K. (2010). But what do they really expect? Employer perceptions of the skills of entry‐level instructional designers. Performance Improvement Quarterly, 22(4), 33–51.
*Visscher-Voerman, I., & Gustafson, K. L. (2004). Paradigms in the theory and practice of education and training design. Educational Technology Research and Development, 52(2), 69–89.
*Wedman, J., & Tessmer, M. (1993). Instructional designers decisions and priorities: A survey of design practice. Performance Improvement Quarterly, 6(2), 43–57.
*West, R. E., & Hannafin, M. J. (2011). Learning to design collaboratively: Participation of student designers in a Community of Innovation. Instructional Science, 39(6), 821–841.
*Williams, D. D., South, J. B., Yanchar, S. C., Wilson, B. G., & Allen, S. (2011). How do instructional designers evaluate? A qualitative study of evaluation in practice. Educational Technology Research and Development, 59(6), 885–907.
*Williams van Rooij, S. (2013). The career path to instructional design project management: An expert perspective from the US professional services sector. International Journal of Training and Development, 17(1), 33–53.
Wilson, J. R., & Schwier, R. A. (2009). Authenticity in the process of learning about instructional design. Canadian Journal of Learning & Technology, 35(2).
*Winer, L. R., & Vázquez‐Abad, J. (1995). The present and future of ID practice. Performance Improvement Quarterly, 8(3), 55–67.
*Woolf, N. H., & Quinn, J. (2001). Evaluating peer review in an introductory instructional design course. Performance Improvement Quarterly, 14(3), 20–42.
*Woolf, N., & Quinn, J. (2009). Learners’ perceptions of instructional design practice in a situated learning activity. Educational Technology Research and Development, 57(1), 25–43.
*Yanchar, S. C., South, J. B., Williams, D. D., Allen, S., & Wilson, B. G. (2010). Struggling with theory? A qualitative investigation of conceptual tool use in instructional design. Educational Technology Research and Development, 58(1), 39–60.
*York, C. S., & Ertmer, P. A. (2011). Towards an understanding of instructional design heuristics: An exploratory Delphi study. Educational Technology Research and Development, 59(6), 841–863.
*York, C. S. and Ertmer, P. A. (2013). Design heuristics in academic, corporate, and military instruction: More similar than different. Educational Technology, 53(4), 17–24.
*Yusoff, N. A. M., & Salim, S. S. (2012). Investigating cognitive task difficulties and expert skills in e-Learning storyboards using a cognitive task analysis technique. Computers and Education, 58(1), 652–665.
*Yusop, F. D., & Correia, A. P. (in press). On becoming a civic-minded instructional designer: An ethnographic study of an instructional design experience. British Journal of Educational Technology, 1–11.
*Zemke, R. (1985). The systems approach: A nice theory but. Training, 22(10), 103–108.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2014 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Sugar, W. (2014). Recommendations. In: Studies of ID Practices. SpringerBriefs in Educational Communications and Technology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03605-2_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03605-2_4
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-03604-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-03605-2
eBook Packages: Humanities, Social Sciences and LawEducation (R0)