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Understanding Tissue Repair Through the Activation of Endogenous Resident Stem Cells

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Stem Cells in Animal Species: From Pre-clinic to Biodiversity

Part of the book series: Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine ((STEMCELL))

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Abstract

Intensive research and still much controversy on the adult mammalian heart’s capacity for self-renewal has finally brought a consensus that new cardiomyocytes are indeed formed throughout adult mammalian life. However, the physiological significance of this myocyte renewal, the origin of the new myocytes as well as the rate of adult myocyte turnover have been highly debated. Indeed, while some have calculated a yearly cardiomyocyte turnover of about 1 %, others calculated 4–10 % and some as high as 40 %/year. This very high spread on the “measured” values of such an important phenomenon raises questions about the conceptual and methodological approaches used so far. Recently, using an experimental protocol of severe diffuse myocardial damage, combined with several genetic murine models of fate mapping for cell lineage tracing along with cell transplantation approaches, we have ultimately demonstrated that the endogenous resident cardiac stem/progenitor cells (eCSCs) fulfil the criteria as the cell type necessary and sufficient for myocyte regeneration, leading to complete cellular, anatomical and functional myocardial recovery. The presence of this regenerative agent within the adult mammalian heart, including the human, supports the view that the heart has the potential to repair itself if the eCSCs can be properly stimulated. It is thus predicted that a better understanding of eCSC biology, in order to fully exploit their regeneration potential, will ultimately lead to developing realistic and clinically applicable myocardial regeneration strategies for cardiovascular diseases.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy

    Iolanda Aquila, Carla Vicinanza, Mariangela Scalise, Fabiola Marino, Christelle Correale, Ciro Indolfi & Daniele Torella

  2. Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology Unit (BioStem), Research Institute for Sport & Exercise Sciences (RISES), Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK

    Carla Vicinanza

  3. Department of Cardio-Thoracic and Respiratory Sciences, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy

    Michele Torella, Gianantonio Nappi & Daniele Torella

Authors
  1. Iolanda Aquila
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  2. Carla Vicinanza
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  3. Mariangela Scalise
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  4. Fabiola Marino
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  5. Christelle Correale
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  6. Michele Torella
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  7. Gianantonio Nappi
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  8. Ciro Indolfi
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  9. Daniele Torella
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Correspondence to Daniele Torella .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Università degli Studi di Milano, Laboratory of Biomedical Embriology; Unistem; Centre for Stem Cell Research, Milan, Italy

    Tiziana A.L. Brevini

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Aquila, I. et al. (2014). Understanding Tissue Repair Through the Activation of Endogenous Resident Stem Cells. In: Brevini, T. (eds) Stem Cells in Animal Species: From Pre-clinic to Biodiversity. Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine. Humana Press, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03572-7_2

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