Abstract
Fire-retarded form-stable phase change material (PCM) products consisting of paraffin (RT21) (or propyl ester), high density polyethylene (HDPE) and fire retardants were prepared using the Brabender Plastograph. The properties of the form-stable PCM, containing different types of fire retardants such as magnesium hydroxide, aluminium hydroxide, expanded graphite (EG), ammonium polyphosphate (APP), pentaerythritol (PER) and treated montmorillonite (MMT) were classified using vertical burning test, thermogravimetry analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The results from the vertical burning test have shown that the form-stable PCM which contained APP + PER + MMT and APP + EG showed the best improvement in fire retardancy since it can self-extinguish by forming a large residue. The TGA graphs showed that addition of fire retardants has increased thermal stability of material by increasing the amount or residues formed, which was also supported by the Con Calorimeter testing, while DSC results showed that adding fire retardants to PCM did not change its thermal properties significantly.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Cai, Y.B., Wei Q., Huang, F., Gao, W.: Preparation and properties studies of halogen free flame retardant form-stable phase change materials based on paraffin/high density polyethylene composites. Appl. Energy 85, 765–775 (2008)
Farid, M.M.: Energy storage for efficient use in domestic and industrial applications. In: Keynote in the International Conference on Renewable Energy: Generation and Applications (ICREGA’2010), UAE, 8–10 March (2010)
Farid, M.M., Khudhair, A.M., Razak, S.A., Al-Hallaj, S.A.: Review on phase change energy storage: materials and applications. Energy Convers. Manage. 45, 1597–1615 (2004)
Salyer, I.O.: Building products incorporating phase change materials and method of making the same. Patent no. 5755216, 26 May 1998
Banu, D., Feldman, D., Haghighat, F., Paris, J., Hawes, D.: Energy storing wallboard: flammability tests. J. Mater. Civil. Eng. 10, 98–105 (1998)
Cai, Y.B., Hu, Y., Song, L., Tang, Y., Yang, R., Zhang, Y.P., et al.: Flammability and thermal properties of high density polyethylene/paraffin hybrid as a form-stable phase change material. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 99, 1320–1327 (2005)
University of Pretoria.: Halogenatedflame retardants. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/submitted/etd-01122007-112752/unrestricted/03chapter3.pdf. Accessed on 09 Jan 2012
Zhang, P., Hu, Y., Song, L., Ni, JX., Xing, WY., Wang, J.: Effect of expanded graphite on properties of high-density polyethylene/paraffin composite with intumescent flame retardant as a shape-stabilized phase change material. Sol. Energy. Mater. Sol. Cells 94, 360–365 (2010)
Cai, Y.B., Wei, Q.F., Huang, F.L., Lin, S.L., Chen, F., Gao, W.D.: Thermal stability, latent heat and flame retardant properties of the thermal energy storage phase change materials based on paraffin/high density polyethylene composites. Renew. Energy 34, 2117–2123 (2009)
Technical report on fire retardant material, University of Auckland, obtained from Professor Mohammed Farid
Cai, Y.B., Wei, Q.F., Shao, D.F., Hu, Y., Song, L., Gao, WD.: Magnesium hydroxide and microencapsulated red phosphorus synergistic flame retardant form stable phase change materials based on HDPE/EVA/OMT nanocomposites/paraffin compounds. J. Energy Inst. 82, 28–36 (2009)
Cai, Y.B., Hua, Y., Song, L., Lu, H.D., Chen, Z.Y., Fan, W.C.: Preparation and characterizations of HDPE–EVA alloy/OMT nanocomposites/paraffin compounds as a shape stabilized phase change thermal energy storage material. Thermochim. Acta 451, 44–51 (2006)
Chomerics Premier Conductive Plastic.: Test report. http://www.chomerics.com/techinfo/TestReports/TR%201001%20EN%200107%20Rev%20A%20%20UL94.pdf. Accessed 10 Feb 2006
Cai, Y.B., Song, L., He, Q.L., Yang, D.D., Hu, Y.: Preparation, thermal and flammability properties of a novel form-stable phase change materials based on high density polyethylene/poly (ethylene-co-vinyl acetate)/organophilic montmorillonite nanocomposites/paraffin compounds. Energy Convers. Manage. 49, 2055–2062 (2008)
Cai, Y.B., Hu, Y., Song, L., Kong, QH., Yang, R., Zhang, YP., et al.: Preparation and flammability of high density polyethylene/paraffin/organophilic montmorillonite hybrids as a form stable phase change material. Energy Convers. Manage. 48, 462–469(2007)
Zhang, P., Hu, Y., Song, L., Lu, HD., Wang, J., Liu, Q.Q.: Synergistic effect of iron and intumescent flame retardant on shape-stabilized phase change material. Thermochim. Acta 487, 74–79 (2009)
Suppakarn, N., Jarukumjorn, K.: Mechanical properties and flammability of sisal/PP composites: effect of flame retardant type and content. ScienceDirect 17 Jan 2009
Acknowledgment
This research was supported by the University of Auckland and the Foundation for Research Science and Technology of New Zealand.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Sittisart, P., Farid, M.M. (2015). Fire Retardant for Phase Change Material. In: Visakh, P., Arao, Y. (eds) Flame Retardants. Engineering Materials. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03467-6_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03467-6_8
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-03466-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-03467-6
eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceChemistry and Material Science (R0)