Abstract
In this chapter we briefly review the techniques available to researchers in the nanofluidic domain to fabricate nanopores and nanochannels. In this context the focused ion beam (FIB) technique will be introduced as a useful and versatile tool for nanofluidics. We illustrate it with two specific examples involving nanopores as building blocks for nanofluidics.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Xia, D., Yan, J.C., Hou, S.F.: Fabrication of nanofluidic biochips with nanochannels for applications in DNA analysis. Small 8, 2787–2801 (2012)
Daiguji, H., Yang, P., Szeri, A.J., Majumdar, A.: Electrochemomechanical energy conversion in nanofluidic channels. Nano Lett. 4, 2315–2321 (2004)
Guo, L.J., Cheng, X., Chou, C.F.: Fabrication of size-controllable nanofluidic channels by nanoimprinting and its application for DNA stretching. Nano Lett. 4, 69–73 (2004)
Mihovilovic, M., Hagerty, N., Stein, D.: Statistics of DNA capture by a solid-state nanopore. Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 028102 (2013)
Cohen-Tanugi, D., Grossman, J.C.: Water desalination across nanoporous graphene. Nano Lett. 12, 3602–3608 (2012)
Ko, S.H., Song, Y.A., Kim, S.J., Kim, M., Han, J., Kang, K.H.: Nanofluidic preconcentration device in a straight microchannel using ion concentration polarization. Lab Chip 12, 4472–4482 (2012)
Karnik, R., Fan, R., Yue, M., Li, D., Yang, P., Majumdar, A.: Electrostatic control of ions and molecules in nanofluidic transistors. Nano Lett. 5, 943–948 (2005)
Howard, R.E., Liao, P.F., Skocpol, W.J., Jackel, L.D., Craighead, H.G.: Microfabrication as a scientific tool. Science 221, 117–121 (1983)
Chauvet, F., Geoffroy, S., Hamoumi, A., Prat, M., Joseph, P.: Roles of gas in capillary filling of nanoslits. Soft Matter 8, 10738–10749 (2012)
Rothschild, M.: Projection optical lithography. Mater. Today 8, 18–24 (2005)
Reccius, C.H., Mannion, J.T., Cross, J.D., Craighead, H.G.: Projection optical lithography, compression and free expansion of single DNA molecules in nanochannels. Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 268101 (2005)
Hu, W., Sarveswaran, K., Lieberman, M., Bernstein, G.H.: Sub-10 nm electron beam lithography using cold development of poly (methylmethacrylate). J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 22, 1711–1717 (2004)
Vieu, C., Carcenac, F., Pépin, A., Chen, Y., Mejias, M., Lebib, A., Manin-Ferlazzo, L., Couraud, L., Launois, H.: Electron beam lithography: resolution limits and applications. Appl. Surf. Sci. 164, 111–117 (2000)
Mahoney, J.F., Yahiku, A.Y., Daley, H.L., David Moore, R., Perel, J.: Electrohydrodynamic ion source. J. Appl. Phys. 40, 5101–5106 (1969)
Krohn, V.E., Ringo, G.R.: Ion source of high brightness using liquid metal. Appl. Phys. Lett. 27, 479 (1975)
Seliger, R.L., Kubena, R.L., Olney, R.D., Ward, J.W., Wang, V.: High-resolution, ion-beam processes for microstructure fabrication. J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 16, 1610–1613 (1979)
Campbell, L.C., Wilkinson, M.J., Manz, A., Camilleri, P., Humphreys, C.J.: Electrophoretic manipulation of single DNA molecules in nanofabricated capillaries. Lab Chip 4, 225–229 (2004)
Arscott, S., Troadec, D.: A nanofluidic emitter tip obtained by focused ion beam nanofabrication. Nanotechnology 16, 2295 (2005)
Menard, L.D., Ramsey, J.M.: Fabrication of sub-5 nm nanochannels in insulating substrates using focused ion beam milling. Nano Lett. 11, 512–517 (2010)
Maleki, T., Mohammadi, S., Ziaie, B.: A nanofluidic channel with embedded transverse nanoelectrodes. Nanotechnology 20, 105302 (2009)
Fanzio, P., Mussi, V., Manneschi, C., Angeli, E., Firpo, G., Repetto, L., Valbusa, U.: DNA detection with a polymeric nanochannel device. Lab Chip 17, 2961–2966 (2011)
Humplik, T., Lee, J., O’Hern, S.C., Fellman, B.A., Baig, M.A., Hassan, S.F., et al.: Nanostructured materials for water desalination. Nanotechnology 22, 292001 (2011)
Guo, W., Cao, L., Xia, J., Nie, F.Q., Ma, W., Xue, J., Song, Y., Zhu, D., Wang, Y., Jiang, L.: Energy harvesting with single-ion-selective nanopores: a concentration-gradient-driven nanofluidic power source. Adv. Funct. Mater. 20, 1339–1344 (2010)
Kalman, E.B., Sudre, O., Vlassiouk, I., Siwy, Z.S.: Control of ionic transport through gated single conical nanopores. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 394, 413–419 (2009)
Giannuzzi, L.A., Stevie, F.A.: Introduction to Focused Ion Beams: Instrumentation, Theory, Techniques and Practice. Springer, New York (2005)
Gierak, J., Madouri, A., Biance, A.L., Bourhis, E., Patriarche, G., Ulysse, C., et al.: Sub-5 nm FIB direct patterning of nanodevices. Microelectron. Eng. 84, 779–783 (2007)
Gierak, J., Bourhis, E., Faini, G., Patriarche, G., Madouri, A., Jede, R., et al.: Exploration of the ultimate patterning potential achievable with focused ion beams. Ultramicroscopy 109, 457–462 (2009)
Kim, C.S., Ahn, S.H., Jang, D.Y.: Review: developments in micro/nanoscale fabrication by focused ion beams. Vacuum 86, 1014–1035 (2012)
Lee, C., Joly, L., Siria, A., Biance, A.L., Fulcrand, R., Bocquet, L.: Large apparent electric size of solid-state nanopores due to spatially extended surface conduction. Nano Lett. 12, 4037–4044 (2012)
Stein, D., Kruithof, M., Dekker, C.: Surface-charge-governed ion transport in nanofluidic channels. Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 035901 (2004)
Schoch, R.B., Lintel, H.V., Renaud, P.: Effect of the surface charge on ion transport through nanoslits. Phys. Fluids 17, 100604 (2005)
Bocquet, L., Charlaix, E.: Nanofluidics, from bulk to interfaces. Chem. Soc. Rev. 39, 1073–1095 (2010)
Khair, A.S., Squires, T.M.: Surprising consequences of ion conservation in electro-osmosis over a surface charge discontinuity. J. Fluid Mech. 615, 323–334 (2008)
Hall, J.E.: Access resistance of a small circular pore. J. Gen. Physiol. 66, 531–532 (1975)
Kowalczyk, S.W., Grosberg, A.Y., Rabin, Y., Dekker, C.: Modeling the conductance and DNA blockade of solid-state nanopores. Nanotechnology 22, 315101 (2011)
Wanunu, M., Dadosh, T., Ray, V., Jin, J., McReynolds, L., Drndic, M.: Rapid electronic detection of probe-specific MicroRNAs using thin nanopore sensors. Nat. Nanotechnol. 5, 807–814 (2010)
Schneider, G.F., Kowalczyk, S.W., Calado, V.E., Pandraud, G., Zandbergen, H.W., Vandersypen, L.M.K., Dekker, C.: DNA translocation through graphene nanopores. Nano Lett. 8, 3163–3197 (2010)
Ho, C., Qiao, R., Heng, J.B., Chatterjee, A., Timp, R.J., Aluru, N.R., Timp, G.: Electrolytic transport through a synthetic nanometer-diameter pore. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 102, 10445–10450 (2005)
Smeets, R.M., Keyser, U.F., Krapf, D., Wu, M.Y., Dekker, N.H., Dekker, C.: Salt dependence of ion transport and DNA translocation through solid-state nanopores. Nano Lett. 6, 89–95 (2006)
Hille, B.J.: Pharmacological modifications of the sodium channels of frog nerve. J. Gen. Physiol. 51, 199–219 (1968)
Merchant, C.A., Healy, K., Wanunu, M., Ray, V., Peterman, N., Bartel, J., et al.: DNA translocation through graphene nanopores. Nano Lett. 10, 2915–2921 (2010)
Howorka, S., Siwy, Z.: Nanopore analytics: sensing of single molecules. Chem. Soc. Rev. 38, 2360–2384 (2009)
Holt, J., et al.: Fast mass transport through sub-2-nanometer carbon nanotubes. Science 312, 1034–1037 (2006)
Falk, K., Sedlmeier, F., Joly, L., Netz, R.R., Bocquet, L.: Molecular origin of fast water transport in carbon nanotube membranes: superlubricity versus curvature dependent friction. Nano Lett. 10, 4067–4073 (2010)
Siria, A., Poncharal, P., Biance, A.-L., Fulcrand, R., Blase, X., Purcell, S., Bocquet, L.: Giant osmotic energy conversion measured in a single transmembrane boron-nitride nanotube. Nature 494, 455–458 (2013)
Acknowledgements
We thank CLYM for providing access to FIB.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Fulcrand, R., Blanchard, N.P., Biance, AL., Siria, A., Poncharal, P., Bocquet, L. (2013). FIB Design for Nanofluidic Applications. In: Wang, Z. (eds) FIB Nanostructures. Lecture Notes in Nanoscale Science and Technology, vol 20. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02874-3_15
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02874-3_15
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-02873-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-02874-3
eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceChemistry and Material Science (R0)