Abstract
Rapid industrialization and exploitation of natural resources to accommodate for the demands of the increasing human population have contributed to large-scale contamination of the ecosystem. The presence of environmental contaminants and toxins in the ecosystem can have a deleterious effect on human health. To counter this, there is a need to come up with effective strategies to detect and quantify the presence of these pollutants in the environment. In this review, the contribution of the evolving science of nanobiotechnology for precise sensing and quantification of waterborne contaminants will be presented. The use of portable nanobiosensors capable of instant field tests would help in screening sources of drinking water, thus eliminating the need for expensive analytical instruments. Recent advances in nanotechnology tools have enabled the fabrication of integrated nanostructured bioelectronic interfaces that are capable of sensing minute concentrations of specific analytes. The sensing principles and the quantification capability of the sensor depend on the type of nanomaterial used, its morphology, as well as the microenvironment surrounding the biological component. Nano-architectures that enable increased interaction between the desired analyte and the biological component followed by effective signal transduction to the electronic component help to improve the sensitivity and the response of the sensor. In this review, recent progress in the development of nanomaterial incorporated transducer components and biorecognition elements will be discussed. Finally, this review will also provide future research directions for the fabrication of improved, fast-acting sensitive nanobiosensors.
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Acknowledgments
The authors greatly appreciate the contributions and support from students and our collaborators. Financial support in part from the National Science Foundation (0609164, 0832730, and 0928835), the Department of Defense Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (DOD SERDP W912HQ-12-C-0020), the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture (USDA-SBIR, 2011-33610-30822), the Michigan University Research Corridor, the Michigan Initiative for Innovation and Entrepreneurship, and the MSU Foundation are greatly appreciated.
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Gokhale, A.A., Lu, J., Lee, I. (2013). Recent Progress in the Development of Novel Nanostructured Biosensors for Detection of Waterborne Contaminants. In: Li, S., Wu, J., Wang, Z., Jiang, Y. (eds) Nanoscale Sensors. Lecture Notes in Nanoscale Science and Technology, vol 19. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02772-2_1
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