Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Forest Soils pp 45–61Cite as

Chemical Properties of Forest Soils

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

Abstract

In soil, there are inorganic and organic solids, solutes, liquids, and gases. There are larger and smaller particles, including sand, silt, and clay, and colloids—fine crystalline minerals and amorphous humus. Fine silicate clays and oxides and hydroxides of iron and aluminum, lime, gypsum, and phosphates are there along with hundreds of many other compounds, and nutrient ions. These materials are variably active and reactive; some are almost inert such as the sand grains, and some undergo continuous dynamic reactions such as the colloidal and charged clay particles. Insoluble materials are made soluble, and soluble materials are insolubilized by diverse chemical and biochemical reactions. Important indices of the chemical behavior of all soils, including forest soils, are pH, cation-exchange capacity (CEC), anion-exchange capacity (AEC), base saturation (BS) percentage, exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP), electrical conductivity, and redox potential. These indices characterize the forest soils and affect the growth and distribution of forest tree species.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  • Abrahamsen G (1994) Soil chemical effects of liming-considerations related to forest liming. In: Nilsen P (ed) Proc. from an International seminar on counteractions against in forest ecosystems. March 3–4 1994, Mastemyr, Norway

    Google Scholar 

  • Adams CD (1963) Factors influencing vascular plant zonation in North Carolina salt marshes. Ecology 45:479–494

    Google Scholar 

  • Adams ML HOJ, Nilsson NHS, Powell KJ (2000) The relationship between soil solution pH and Al3 + concentrations in a range of South Island (New Zealand) soils. Aust J Soil Res 38(1):141–154

    Google Scholar 

  • Agboola AA, Ayodele O (1987) Soil test calibration for Nigerian soils. Fertilizer research 14:227–234

    Google Scholar 

  • Aidar MPM, De Godoy JRL, Bergmann J, Joly CA (2001) Atlantic forest succession over calcareous soil, Parque Estadual Turístico do Alto Ribeira–PETAR, SP Rev Bras Bot 24(4)

    Google Scholar 

  • Allen JA, Chambers JL, Stine M (1994) Prospects for increasing the salt tolerance of forest trees: a review. Tree Physiol 14:843–853

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Anon (2012) The natural communities of Virginia classification of ecological community groups. Department of conservation and recreation. Natural heritage program, 217 Governor Street, Richmond

    Google Scholar 

  • Ayyad MA, El-Gharee REM (1982) Salt marsh vegetation of the western mediterranean desert of Egypt. Vegetatio 49(1):3–19

    Google Scholar 

  • Bailey SW, Horsley SB, Long RP, Hallett RA (2004) Influence of edaphic factors on sugar maple nutrition and health on the Allegheny Plateau. Soil Sci Soc Am J 68:243–252

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bakker MR, Kerisit R, Verbist K, Nys C, Stokes A (1999) Effects of liming on rhizosphere chemistry and growth of fine roots and of shoots of sessile oak (Quercus petrea). The supporting roots–structure and function. Plant Soil 217:243–255

    Google Scholar 

  • Basavaraja PK, Sharma SD, Dhananjaya BN, Badrinath MS (2011) Acacia nilotica: A Tree Species for Amelioration of Sodic Soils in Central Dry Zone of Karnataka, India. Res J Agri Sciences 2(2):311–316

    Google Scholar 

  • Billings WD (1949) The shadscale vegetation zone of Nevada and eastern California in relation to climate and soils. American Midlands Naturalist 42:87–109

    Google Scholar 

  • Bingham FT, Nelson CO (1971) The effects of sodium on mature avocado trees. California Avocado Society 1970-71 Yearbook 54:75–78

    Google Scholar 

  • Bloom PR, McBride MB, Weaver RM (1979) Aluminum organic matter in acid soils: Buffering and solution aluminum activity. Soil Sci Soc Am J 43:488–493

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bonneau M (2005) Evolution of mineral fertility of an acidic soil during a period of ten years in the Vosges Mountains (France). Impact of humus mineralisation. Annals of Forest Science 62:253–260

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Branson FA, Miller RF, McQueen IS (1967) Geographic distribution and factors affecting the distribution of salt desert shrubs in the United States. J Range Manage 20: 287–296

    Google Scholar 

  • Brettar I, Sanchez-Perez JM, Trémolières M (2002) Nitrate elimination by denitrification in hardwood forest soils of the Upper Rhine floodplain—correlation with redox potential and organic matter. Hydrobiologia 469(1-3):11–21

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brown G, Newman ACD, Rayner JH, Weir AH (1978) The structures and chemistry of soil clay minerals. In: Greenland DJ, Hays MHB (eds) The chemistry of soil constituents. Wiley, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Campbell JL, Hornbeck JW, McDowell WH, Buso DC, Shanley JB, Likens GE (2000) Dissolved organic nitrogen budgets for upland, forested ecosystems in New England. Biogeochem 49:123–142

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carou S, Dennis I, Aherne J, Ouimet R, Arp PA, Watmough SA, DeMerchant I, Shaw M, Vet B, Bouchet V, Moran M (2008) A National picture of acid deposition critical loads for forest soils in Canada. A report prepared for the CCME Acid Rain Task Group, Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment

    Google Scholar 

  • Chapman HD (1965) Cation exchange capacity. In: Black CA (ed) Methods of soil analysis; American Society of Agronomy: Madison

    Google Scholar 

  • Chapman VJ (1976). Mangrove vegetation. J. Cramer, Vaduz, Germany

    Google Scholar 

  • Cintron G, Lugo AE, Pool DJ, Morris G (1978) Mangroves of arid environments in Puerto Rico and adjacent islands. Biotropica 10:110–121

    Google Scholar 

  • Clark JS (1965) The lime potential and percent base saturation of some representative Podzolic and Brunisolic Soils in Canada. Soil Sci Soc Am J 30(1):93–97

    Google Scholar 

  • Comerford NB, Harris WG, Lucas D (1990) Release of non-exchangeable potassium from a highly weathered, forested Quartzipsamment. Soil Sci Soc Am J 54:1421–1426

    Google Scholar 

  • Cooper A (1997) Plant species coexistence in cliff habitats. J Biogeogr 24:483–494

    Google Scholar 

  • Cronan CS, April R, Bartlett RT, et al (1989) Aluminum toxicity in forests exposed to acidic deposition: the ALBIOS results. Water Air Soil Pollut 48:181–192

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dagar JC, Singh NT (1994) Agroforestry options in the reclamation of problem soils. In: Thampan PK (ed) Trees and tree farming. Peekay Tree Crops Development Corporation, Cochin

    Google Scholar 

  • Day JH (1983) The Canadian soil information system: Mannual for describing Canada soils in the field. Agriculture Canada Expert Committee on Soil Survey

    Google Scholar 

  • De Silva BLT (1934) The distribution of "calcicole" and "calcifuge" species in relation to the content of the soil in calcium carbonate and exchangeable calcium, and to soil reaction. J Ecol 22:532–553

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Don A, Kalbitz K (2005) Amounts and degradability of dissolved organic carbon from foliar litter at different decomposition stages. Soil Biology and. BioChemistry 37:2171–2179

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Earle JC, Kershaw KA (1989) Vegetation patterns in James Bay coastal marshes. III. Salinity and elevation as factors influencing plant zonations. Can J Bot 67:2967–2974

    Google Scholar 

  • Egbuchua CN, Bosah BO (2011) Characterization of some forest soil under teak (Tectona grandis) plantation in a humid forest region of Nigeria. Int J Sci Nature 2(3):821–825

    Google Scholar 

  • English S, Wilkinson C, Basker V (1997) Survey manual for tropical marine resources (2nd Ed). Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville

    Google Scholar 

  • Ewald J (2003) The calcareous riddle: Why are there so many calciphilous species in the Central European flora? Folia Geobot 38:357–366

    Google Scholar 

  • Fahey TJ, Yavitt JB (1988) Soil solution chemistry in lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta ssp. Latifolia) Ecosystems, southeastern Wyoming, USA. Biogeochemistry 6:91–118

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Falkengren-Grerup U (1994) Importance of soil solution chemistry to field performance of Galium odoratum and Stellaria nemorum. J Appl Ecol 31(182-):192

    Google Scholar 

  • Federer CA, Hornbeck JW (1985) The buffer capacity of forest soils in new England water, air, & soil pollution 26(2):163–173

    Google Scholar 

  • Fenchel T, Finlay BJ (1995) Ecology and evolution in anoxic worlds. Oxford University Press, Oxford, United Kingdom

    Google Scholar 

  • Fenn ME, Huntington TG, McLaughlin SB, Eagar C, Gomez A, Cook RB (2006) Status of soil acidification in North America. J For Sci 52 (Special Issue): 3–13

    Google Scholar 

  • Formanek P, Vranova V (2002) A contribution to the effect of liming on forest soils: review of literature. J For Sci 48(4):182–190

    Google Scholar 

  • Fox TR, Comerford NB (1990) Low-molecular-weight organic acids in selected forest soils of the south-eastern USA. Soil Sci Soc Am J 54:1139–1144

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fox TR, Comerford NB, McFee WW (1990) Kinetics of phosphorus release from spodosols: effects of oxalate and formate. Soil Sci Soc Am J 54:1441–1447

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gauthier C (2002) Contribution to the study of fractionation of free aluminum in solutions of forest soils. Influence of quality and nature of organic matter. These N°dordre: 38-2002, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université de Limoges, 156 p. (in French)

    Google Scholar 

  • Gillman GP, Bruce RC, Davey BG, Kimble JM, Searle PL, Skjemstad JO (1983) A comparison of methods used for determination of cation exchange capacity. Commun Soil Sci Plant. Anal 14(11):1005–1014

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Good RE (1972) Salt marsh production and salinity. Bull Ecol Soc Am 53:22

    Google Scholar 

  • Grainger A (1998) Estimating areas of degraded tropical lands requiring replishment of forest cover. Int Tree Crops J 5:31–61

    Google Scholar 

  • Gupta RK, Tomar OS, Minash PS (1995) Managing salt affected soils and waters for afforestation. Bull 7.CSSRI, Karnal

    Google Scholar 

  • Heisey RM (1995) Growth trends and nutritional status of sugar maple stands on the Appalachian Plateau of Pennsylvania. USA Water Air Soil Pollut 82:675–693

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Herbert BE, Bertsch PM (1995) Characterization of dissolved and colloidal organic matter in soil solution: a review. In: McFee WW, Kelly JM (eds). Carbon forms and functions in forest soils. Madison, WI: Soil Science Society of America 41:1696–702

    Google Scholar 

  • Hinrichsen D (1986) Multiple pollutants and forest decline. Ambio 15(5):258–265

    Google Scholar 

  • Holmgren RC, Hutchings SS (1972) Salt desert shrub response to grazing use. In: Wildland shrubs-their history and utilization. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-1. USDA Forest Serv. Intermountain Forest and Range Exp Sta Ogden, Utah

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoover KL, Rightnour TA (2002) Mosquito Creek phase I-atmospheric acidification abatement demonstration project. Mosquito creek sportsman association-Pennsylvania growing greener program final report. Pennsylvania department of conservation and natural resources, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, USA

    Google Scholar 

  • Hue NV, Craddock GR, Adams F (1986) Effect of organic acids on aluminum toxicity in subsoils. Soil Sci Soc Am J 50:28–34

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huntington TG (2000) The potential for calcium depletion in forest ecosystems of southeastern United States: review and analysis. Global Biogeochem Cycles 14:623–638

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hutchings P, Saenger P (1987) Ecology of Mangroves. University of Queensland Press, St Lucia

    Google Scholar 

  • Imlay JA (2002) How oxygen damages microbes: oxygen tolerance and obligate anaerobiosis. Adv Microb Physiol 41:111–153

    Google Scholar 

  • Jackson ML (2005) Soil chemical analysis–advanced course. 2nd revised edition. Parallel Press, University of Wisconsin. Madison Libraries, Madison

    Google Scholar 

  • Jackson T, Bird R (2008) Trees and shrubs for saline land: research in south west Victoria, Department of primary industries, Hamilton, Victoria

    Google Scholar 

  • James BR, Riha SJ (1985) pH buffering in forest soil organic horizons: relevance to acid precipitation. J Envir Quality 15(3):229–234

    Google Scholar 

  • Jeschke WD (1984) K + -Na + exchange at cellular membranes, intracellular compartmentation of cations, and salt tolerance. In: Staples RC, Toenniessen GH (eds) Salinity tolerance in plants. Strategies for crop improvement. Wiley, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson DW, Cole DW, Horng FW, Van Miegroet H, Todd DE (1982) Chemical characteristics of two forested ultisols and two forested inceptisols relevant to anion production and mobility. Publ. No. 1670, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Environmental Science Division: Oak Ridge, TN

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson CE, Romanowicz RB, Siccama TG (1997) Conservation of exchangeable cations After clear-cutting of a northern hardwood forest. Can J Forest Res 25:859–868

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson DW, Todd DE (1998) Harvesting effects on long-term changes in nutrient pools of mixed oak forest. Soil Sci Soc Am J 62:1725–1735

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson CE (2002) Cation exchange properties of acid forest soils of the northeastern USA. European Journal of. Soil Sci 53(2):271–282

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kalisz PJ, Stone EL (1980) Cation exchange capacity of acid forest humus layers. Soil Sci Soc Am J 44(2):407–413

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Khan GS, Khan ZH, Imran J, Quraishi MU, Yaqoob S, Khan SH (2009) Effect of salinity on germination and growth of some forest tree species at seedling stage. J Agri Res 47(3):271–279

    Google Scholar 

  • Kimble JM, Ping CL, Sumner ME, Wilding LP (2000) Andisols. In: Sumner ME (ed) Handbook of soil science. CRC Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Kishchuk BE (2000) Calcareous soils, their properties and potential limitations to conifer growth in southern British Columbia and western Alberta: a literature review. Ministry for Invermere, British Columbia Inf Rep NOR-X–370

    Google Scholar 

  • Klnzel H (1983) Influence of limestone, silicates and soil pH on vegetation. In: Lange O, Nobel PS, Osmund CB, Ziegler HJ (eds) Physiological plant ecology III. Springer, Berlin

    Google Scholar 

  • Kolb TE, McCormick LH (1993) Etiology of sugar maple decline in four Pennsylvania stands. Can J For Res 23:2395–2402

    Google Scholar 

  • Kozlowski TT (1997) Responses of woody plants to flooding and salinity. Tree Physiology Monograph No. 1

    Google Scholar 

  • Kreutzer K (1995) Effects of forest liming on soil processes. Plant Soil 168-169:447–470

    Google Scholar 

  • Krug EC, Charles R (1983) Acid rain on acid soil: a new perspective. Science New Series 221(4610):520–525

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • LA CWCS (2005) Conservation habitatas and species assessments. The Louisiana comprehensive wildlife conservation Strategy (LA CWCS). National council for science and the environment

    Google Scholar 

  • Larcher W (1980) Physiological plant ecology, 2nd edn. Springer-Verlag, Berlin

    Google Scholar 

  • Lawrence GW, David MB, Baily SW, Shortle WC (1997) Assessment of calcium status in soils of red spruce forests in the northeastern United States. Biogeochemistry 38:19–39

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lawrence GB, David MB, Lovett GM, Murdoch PS, Burns DA, Stoddard JL, Baldigo BP, Porter JH, Thompson AW (1999) Soil calcium status and the response of stream chemistry to changing acidic deposition rates in the Catskill Mountains of New York. Ecol Appl 9:1059–1072

    Google Scholar 

  • Leinonen L, Juntto S (1992) (eds) Air quality measurements (1991) Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki

    Google Scholar 

  • Lindberg SE, Johnson DW, Lovett FM, VanMiergroet H, Taylor GE Jr, Owens JG (1989) Sampling and analysis protocols and project description for the integrated forest soil study. Oak Ridge National laboratory, Environ Sci Publ 3321, Oak Ridge, TN

    Google Scholar 

  • Liptzin D, Silver WL (2009) Effects of carbon additions on iron reduction and phosphorus availability in a humid tropical forest soil. Soil biology biochemistry 41:1969–1702

    Google Scholar 

  • Lochman V, Sebkova V (1998) The development of air pollutant depositions and soil chemistry on the research plots in the eastern part of the Ore Mts. Lesnictví-Forestry 45:549–560

    Google Scholar 

  • Long PL, Horsley SB, Lilja PR (1997) Impact of forest liming on growth and crown vigor of sugar maple and associated hardwoods. Can J For Res 27:1560–1573

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lövblad G, Amann M, Andersen B, Hovmand M, Joffre S, Pedersen U (1992) Deposition of sulfur and nitrogen in the Nordic countries: present and future. Ambio 21:339–347

    Google Scholar 

  • Lugo AE (1980) Mangrove ecosystems: successional or steady state? In: Tropical succession. Biotropica 65–72

    Google Scholar 

  • Lynch JA (1998) Atmospheric deposition in Pennsylvania. In: Sharpe SW, Drohan JR (eds) The effects of acidic deposition on Pennsylvania’s forests. Proceedings of the 1998 Pennsylvania acidic deposition conference, Volume 1. Environmental Resources Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA

    Google Scholar 

  • Makeschin F (1991) Auswirkungen von saurer Beregnung und Kalkung auf die Regenwurmfauna (Lumbricidae: Oligochaeta) im Fichtenaltbestand Höglwald. Ökosystemforschung Höglwald. In: Kreutzer K, Göttlein A. (eds) Forstwiss Forsch 39: 117–128

    Google Scholar 

  • Marcar NE, Crawford DF (2004) Trees for saline landscapes, Publication No. 03/108, RIRDC, Canberra

    Google Scholar 

  • Mares V (1992) Vliv melioračních opatření na růstové podmínky výsadeb v imisních oblastech. Zpr. Lesn. Výzk., XXXVII (2): 5–7

    Google Scholar 

  • Marschner H (1986) Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants. Academic Press, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Marschner H (1995) Mineral nutrition of higher plants. Academic Press, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Matzner E (1992) Acidification of forests and forest soils: Current status. Stud Env Sci 50:77–86

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McDaniel PA, Wilson MA (2007) Physical and chemical characteristics of ash-influenced soils of inland Northwest forests In: Page-Dumroese, Deborah;Miller, Richard;Mital, Jim;McDaniel, Paul;Miller, Dan (eds) 2007. Volcanic-Ash-derived forest soils of the inland Northwest: Properties and implications for management and restoration.Proceedings RMRS-P-44; Fort Collins, USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station

    Google Scholar 

  • McKee KL (1993) Soil physicochemical patterns and mangrove species distribution-reciprocal effects? J Ecol 81:477–487

    Google Scholar 

  • Meiwes KJ (1995) Application of lime and wood ash to decrease acidification of forest soils. J For Sci 49:182–190

    Google Scholar 

  • Menendez I, Moreno G, Gallardo JF, Saavedra J (1995) Soil solution composition in forest soils of Siera de Gata Mountains, Central-Western Spain: Relationship with soil water content. Arid Soil Res Rehab 9:495–502

    Google Scholar 

  • Michalzik B, Kalbitz K, Park JH, Solinger S, Matzner E (2001) Fluxes and concentrations of dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen—a synthesis for temperate forests. Biogeochem 52:173–205

    Google Scholar 

  • Mishra A, Sharma SD (2010) Influence of forest tree species on reclamation of semiarid sodic soils. Soil Use Manag 26(4):445–454

    Google Scholar 

  • Mitsch WJ, Gosselink JG (1993) Wetlands 2d ed. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, NY

    Google Scholar 

  • Mladkova L, Bordvka L, Drabek O (2005) Soil properties and selected aluminum forms in acid forest soils as influenced by the type of stand factors. Soil Sci Plant Nutr 51(5):741–744

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Montagnini F, Haines B, Swank WT (1991) Soil-solution chemistry in black locust, pine/mixed-hardwoods and oak/hickory forest stands in the southern Appalachians, USA. For Ecol Manage 40:199–208

    Google Scholar 

  • Moore JD, Camiré C, Ouimet R (2000) Effects of liming on the nutrition, vigor and growth of sugar maple at the Lake Clair Watershed, Quebec, Canada. Can J For Res 30:725–732

    Google Scholar 

  • Neff JC, Hooper DU (2002) Vegetation and climate controls on potential CO2, DOC and DON production in northern latitude soils. Global Change Biology 8:872–884

    Google Scholar 

  • Nielsen UN, Osler GHR, Campbell CD, Burslem DFRP, Van Der Wal R (2010) The influence of vegetation type, soil properties and precipitation on the composition of soil mite and microbial communities at the landscape scale. J Biogeogr 37:1317–1328

    Google Scholar 

  • Nilsson SI, Tyler G (1995) Acidification-induced chemical changes of forest soils during recent decades—a review.—Ecol Bull 44: 54–64

    Google Scholar 

  • Nour ME, Khalil AAM, Abdelmajid E (2006) Effect of salinity on seed germination characteristics of five arid zone tree species. University of Khartoum J Agric Sci.14(1), 23–31

    Google Scholar 

  • Odum WE (1988) Comparative ecology of tidal freshwater and salt marshes. Annual Review of Ecology and Systemnatics 19:147–176

    Google Scholar 

  • Osman KT (2013) Soils: principles, properties and management. Springer

    Google Scholar 

  • Ouimet R, Camiré C (1995) Foliar deficiencies of sugar maple stands associated with soil cation imbalances in the Quebec Appalachians. Can J Soil Sci 75:169–175

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pabian SE, Brittingham MC (2007) Terrestrial liming benefits birds in an acidified forest in the Northeast. Ecol Appl 17(8):2184–2194

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Perina V, Podrazsky V (1988) Účinnost vápnění v Jizerských horách. Lesn. Práce 67:12–17

    Google Scholar 

  • Pett-Ridge J, Silver WI, Firestone MK (2006) Redox fluctuations frame microbial community impacts on N-cycling rates in a humid tropical forest soil. Biogeochemistry 81(1):95–110

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pezeshki SR, Chambers JL (1986) Effect of soil salinity on stomatal conductance and photosynthesis of green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica). Can J For Res 16:569–573

    Google Scholar 

  • Pierzynski GM SJT, Vance GF (2000) Soils and environmental quality, CRC Press LLC, USA

    Google Scholar 

  • Podrazsky V (1992) Změny chemismu skarifikovaného a neskarifikovaného horského humusového podzolu po vápnění. Zpr. Lesn. Výzk., XXXVII (1): 22–25

    Google Scholar 

  • Pohlman AA, McColl JG (1986) Kinetics of metal dissolution from forest soils by soluble organic acids. J Environ Qual 15:86–92

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rengel Z (1992) The role of calcium in salt toxicity. Plant Cell and. Environment 15:625–632

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reuss JO, Roswall EC, Hopper RWE (1990) Aluminum solubility, calcium-aluminum exchange, and pH in acid forest soils. Soil Sci Soc Am J 54:374–380

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rhoades JD (1982) Cation exchange capacity. In: Page AL (ed) Methods of soil analysis. Part 2. Chemical and microbiological properties; American Society of Agronomy: Madison, WI

    Google Scholar 

  • Richards LE (1954) Diagnosis and improvement of saline and alkali soils. USDA Salinity Laboratory Staff, Handbook 60, USDA

    Google Scholar 

  • Richter DD, Johnson DW, Dai KH (1992) Cation exchange reactions in acid forested soils: effects of atmospheric pollutant deposition. In: Johnson DW, Lindberg ED (eds) Cation Exchange and Al Mobilization. Chapter 9: Atmospheric Deposition and Forest Nutrient Cycling; Ecological Studies, 91. Springer-Verlag, New York, 707

    Google Scholar 

  • Richter AK, Hirano Y, Luster J, Frossard E, Brunner I (2011) Soil base saturation affects root growth of European beech seedlings. J Plant Nutr Soil Sci 174:408–419

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rodhe H, Langner J, Gallardo L, Kjellström E (1995) Global scale transport of acidifying pollutants. Water, Air and Soil Pollution 85: 37–50

    Google Scholar 

  • Rorison IH (1960) Some experimental aspects of the calcicole-calcifuge problem: I. The effects of competition and mineral nutrition upon seedling growth in the field. J Ecol 48:585–599

    Google Scholar 

  • Roskams P (1997) Part II National Inventories: Belgium. In: Vanmechelen L, Groenemans R, and Van Ranst E (eds) Forest Soil Condition in Europe. Results of a Large-Scale Soil Survey. EC, UN/ECE, ICP Forests and the Ministry of the Flemish Community

    Google Scholar 

  • Ross DS, Matschonat G, Skyllberg U (2008) Cation exchange in forest soils: the need for a new perspective. European Journal of. Soil Sci 59(6):1141–1159

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rudneva E (2010) The Great Soviet Encyclopedia, 3rd Edition (1970-1979). The Gale Group, Inc

    Google Scholar 

  • Sanchez PA (1976) Properties and management of soils in the tropics. A wiley international publication. Wiley and sons NY

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt IK, Tietema A, Williams D, Gundersen P, Beier C, Emmett BA, Estiarte M (2004) Soil solution chemistry and element fluxes in three european heathlands and their responses to warming and drought. Ecosystems 7:638–649

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schutt P, Cowling E (1985) Plant Disease 69:448

    Google Scholar 

  • Schuur EAG, Matson PA (2001) Net primary productivity and nutrient cycling across a mesic to wet precipitation gradient in Hawaiian montane forest. Oecologia 128:431–442

    Google Scholar 

  • Semeniuk V (1985) Mangrove environments of Port Darwin, Northern Territory: the physical framework and habitats. J. R. Soc. Western Austr 67:81–97

    Google Scholar 

  • Semeniuk V, Wurm PAS (1987) The mangroves of the Dampier Archipelago, Western Australia. J. R. Soc. Western Austr 69:29–87

    Google Scholar 

  • Shannon MC (1985) Principles and strategies in breeding for higher salt tolerance. Plant Soil 89:227–241

    Google Scholar 

  • Sharpe WE, Sunderland TL (1995) Acid-base status of upper rooting zone soil in declining and non-declining Sugar maple (Acer saccharum marsh) stands in Pennsylvania. 10th Central Hardwood Forest Conference

    Google Scholar 

  • Sharpe WE, Sunderland TL (1995) Acid-base status of upper rooting zone soil in declining and non-declining sugar maple (Acer saccharum) stands in Pennsylvania. USDA For Serv Res Gen Tech Rep NE–197

    Google Scholar 

  • Sharpe WE, Brittingham MC, Tzilkowski WM, Swistock BR, Bohnenblust AK, Donaldson LD, Kim HJ, McNeal LJ, Pabian SE, Rummel SM, Voorhees CK (2006) Evaluation of whole watershed and riparian wetland liming to mitigate acidity. Grant no. 41000155481ME352917. Final report to the Pennsylvania department of environmental protection, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, USA

    Google Scholar 

  • Sherman RE, Fahey TJ, Howarth RW (1998) Soil-plant interactions in a neotropical mangrove forest: iron, phosphorus and sulfur dynamics. Oecologia 115:553–563

    Google Scholar 

  • Silver WL, Herman DJ, Firestone MK (2001) Dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium in upland tropical forest soils. Ecology 82:2410–2416

    Google Scholar 

  • Simonsson M, Berggren D (1998) Aluminum solubility related to secondary solid phases in upper B horizons with spodic characteristics. European Journal of. Soil Sci 49:317–326

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singh B, Garg VK (2007) Phytoremediation of a sodic forest ecosystem: Plant community response to restoration process Not Bot Hort Agrobot Cluj 35(1):71–84

    Google Scholar 

  • Skinner MF, Zabowski D, Harrison R, Lowe A, Xue D (2001) Measuring the cation exchange capacity of forest soils. Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal 32(11 & 12):1751–1764

    Google Scholar 

  • Skyllberg U, Borggaard O (1998) Proton surface charge determination in Spodosol horizons with organically bound aluminum. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 62:1677–1689

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Skyllberg U (1999) pH and solubility of aluminum in acidic forest soils: a consequence of reactions between organic acidity and aluminum alkalinity. Eur J Soil Sci 50:95–106

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Skyllberg U, Raulund-Rasmussen K, Borggaard OK (2001) pH buffering in acidic soils developed under Picea abies and Quercus robur—effects of soil organic matter, adsorbed cations and soil solution ionic strength. Biogeochemistry 56:51–74

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sollins P, McCorison FM (1981) Nitrogen and carbon solution chemistry of an old growth coniferous forests watershed before and after cutting. Water Resour Res 17:1409–1418

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sparks DL (2003) Environmental soil chemistry. Academic Press, Amsterdam

    Google Scholar 

  • Sposito G (1996) The Environmetal Chemistry of Aluminum, CRC Press LLC, USA

    Google Scholar 

  • Subke JR, Inglima I, Cotrufo MF (2006) Trends and methodological impacts of soil CO2 efflux partitioning: a meta analytical review. Glob Change Biol 12:921–943

    Google Scholar 

  • Sukardjo S (1994) Soils in the mangrove forests of the Apar Nature Reserve, Tanah Grogot, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Southeast Asian Studies 32(3):385–398

    Google Scholar 

  • Sun D, Dickinson GR (1995) Salinity effects on tree growth, root distribution and transpiration of Casuarina cunninghamiana and Eucalyptus camaldulensis planted on a saline site in tropical north Australia. For Ecol Manag 77(1-3):127–138

    Google Scholar 

  • Teh YA, Silver WL, Conrad ME (2005) Oxygen effects on methane production and oxidation in humid tropical forest soils. Global Change Biology 11:1283–1297

    Google Scholar 

  • Tisdale SL, Nelson WL, Beaton JD, Havlin JL (1993) Soil acidity and basicity. In Soil fertility and fertilizers. 5th ed, Macmillan Publ, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Toktam S, Cindy P, Les L (2010) Redox potential: An indicator of site productivity in forest management. EGU General Assembly 2-7 May, 2010 in Vienna, Austria

    Google Scholar 

  • Trettin CC, Johnson DW, Todd DE Jr (1999) Forest nutrient and carbon pools at walker branch watershed: Changes during a 21-Year Period. Soil Sci Soc Am J 63:1436–1448

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Walsh GE (1974) Mangroves: A review. In: Reimold R, Queen H (eds) Ecology of halophytes. Academic Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Wells CG, Davey CB (1966) Cation-exchange characteristics of forest floor materials. Soil Sci Sco Am J 30(3):399–402

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wells AG (1985) Grouping of tidal systems in the Northern Territory and Kimberley region of Western Australia on presence/absence of mangrove species. In: Bardsley KN, Davie JDS, Woodroffe CD (eds) Coasts and tidal wetlands of the Australian monsoon region. North Australian Research Unit, Darwin

    Google Scholar 

  • West NE (1982) Intermountain salt-desert shrublands. Ecosystems of the world. Amsterdam: Elsevier Scientific. 5:375–398

    Google Scholar 

  • Westerhoff P, Mash H (2002) Dissolved organic nitrogen in drinking water supplies: a review. J Wat Supply Res Techn-Aqua 51:415–448

    Google Scholar 

  • Wightman G (1989) Mangroves of the Northern territory. Northern territory botanical Bull. No. 7. Conservation Commission of the Northern Territory, Palmerston

    Google Scholar 

  • Williston HL, LaFayette R (1978) Species suitability and pH of soils in southern forests. USDA Forest Service. Southeastern Area, State and Private Forestry. Forest Management Bulletin

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilmot TR, Ellsworth DS, Tyree MT (1995) Relationships among crown condition, growth, and stand nutrition in seven northern Vermont sugarbushes. Can J For Res 25:386–397

    Google Scholar 

  • Wolt JD (1994) Soil solution chemistry: applications in environmental science and agriculture. Wiley, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Yaalon DH (1957) Problems on soil testing on calcareous soils. Plant Soil 8:275–288

    Google Scholar 

  • Yu Z, Zhang Q, Kraus TEC, Dahlgren RA, Anastasio C, Zasoski RJ (2002) Contribution of amino compounds to dissolved organic nitrogen in forest soils. Biogeochemistry 61:173–198

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Soil Science, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh

    Khan Towhid Osman

Authors
  1. Khan Towhid Osman
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Khan Towhid Osman .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2013 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Osman, K. (2013). Chemical Properties of Forest Soils. In: Forest Soils. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02541-4_3

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation