Abstract
The decision having been made by the U.S. Congress to establish a decimal system of currency as the official national currency of the United States of America, one might have expected a decimal system of weights and measures to follow quickly. But that was not to be. Between 1784 and 1789 Thomas Jefferson was in France and therefore his role as principal catalyst for decisions on decimalization was muted. The chapter begins by placing the weights and measures decision in the context of economic and political forces operating within the new nation. From a lag-time theoretical perspective, although there were numerous available arithmetic textbooks which dealt with decimal fractions, the prevailing economic and political pressures negated any educational and mathematical pressures for more widespread applications of decimals. Thus, a curious result occurred—the United States decimalized its currency, but not its weights and measures.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Alder, K. (2002). The measure of all things: The seven-year odyssey and hidden error that transformed the world. New York, NY: The Free Press.
Boyd, J. P. (Ed.). (1953). The papers of Thomas Jefferson, Vol. 7, March 1784 to February 1785. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Boyd, J. (1961). Report on weights and measures: Editorial note. In J. Boyd (Ed.), The papers of Thomas Jefferson 16, November 1789 to July 1790 (pp. 602–617). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Briggs, H. (1617). Logarithmorum chilias prima. London, UK: Author.
Burton, W. (1833). The district school as it was, by one who went to it. Boston, MA: Carter, Hendee and Company.
Cutter, W. R. (Ed.). (1914). New England families genealogical and memorial: A record of achievements of her people in the making of the Commonwealth and the founding of a nation. New York, NY: Lewis Historical Publishing Company.
Cocker, E. (1677). Cocker’s arithmetick: Being a plain and familiar method suitable to the meanest capacity for the full understanding of that incomparable art, as it is now taught by the ablest school-masters in city and country. London, UK: John Hawkins.
Cocker, E. (1685). Cocker’s decimal arithmetick, … London, UK: J. Richardson.
Denniss, J. (2012). Figuring it out: Children’s arithmetical manuscripts 1680–1880. Oxford, UK: Huxley Scientific Press.
Dilworth, T. (1762). The schoolmaster’s assistant: Being a compendium of arithmetic both practical and theoretical (11th ed.). London, UK: Henry Kent.
Earle, A. M. (1899). Child life in colonial days. New York, NY: The Macmillan Company.
Ellerton, N. F., & Clements, M. A. (2012). Rewriting the history of school mathematics in North America 1607–1861. New York, NY: Springer.
Ellerton, N. F., & Clements, M. A. (2014). Abraham Lincoln’s cyphering book and ten other extraordinary cyphering books. New York, NY: Springer.
Greenwood, I. (1729). Arithmetick vulgar and decimal, with the application thereof, to a variety of cases in trade and commerce. Boston, MA: S. Kneeland & T. Green.
Jefferson, T. (1904). 1785). Notes on the establishment of a money unit and of a coinage for the United States. Paris, France: Author. (The notes are reproduced in P. F. Ford (Ed.), The works of Thomas Jefferson (Vol. 4, pp. 297–313. New York, NY: G. P Putnam’s Sons. This was published in.
Kersey, J. (1683). Mr Wingate’s arithmetick, … (8th ed.). London, UK: J. Williams.
Leybourn, W. (1690). Cursus mathematicus. London, UK: Author.
Linklater, A. (2003). Measuring America: How the United States was shaped by the greatest land sale in history. New York, NY: Plume.
Michael, I. (1993). The textbook as a commodity: Walkingame’s The Tutor’s Assistant. Paradigm, 12, 2–10.
Morris, R. (1782, January 15). Robert Morris to the President of Congress, January 15, 1782. In J. Boyd (Ed.), The papers of Thomas Jefferson 16, March 1784 to February 1785 (pp. 160–169). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Mouton, G. (1670). Observationes diametrorum solis et lunae apparentium, meridianarumque aliquot altitudinum, cum tabula declinationum solis; Dissertatio de dierum naturalium inaequalitate,… Lyons, France: Author.
Napier, J. (1614). Mirifici logarithmorum canonis descriptio. Edinburgh, UK: Andrew Hart.
Napier, J. (1619). The wonderful canon of logarithms. Edinburgh, UK: William Home Lizars, 1857 [English translation by Herschell Filipowski].
Pike, N. (1788). A new and complete system of arithmetic, composed for the use of citizens of the United States. Newbury-Port, MA: John Mycall.
Stafford, M. H. (1941). A genealogy of the Kidder family: Comprising the descendants in the male line of Ensign James Kidder, 1626–1676, or Cambridge and Billerica in the colony of Massachusetts Bay. Rutland, VT: Tuttle Pub. Co.
Stedall, J. (2012). The history of mathematics: A very short introduction. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
Stevin, S. (1585). De Thiende. Leyden, The Netherlands: The University of Leyden.
Thomson, J. B. (1874). Unification of weights and measures, the metric system: Its claims as an international standard of metrology. New York, NY: Clark & Maynard.
Viète, F. (1579). Canon mathematicus seu ad triangula cum appendicibus. Paris, France: Jean Mettayer.
Wilkins, J. (1668). Essay towards a real character and a philosophical language. Held in archives of the University of Cambridge.
Wingate, E. (1624). ‘L’usage de la règle de proportion en arithmétique. Paris, France: Author.
Wingate, E. (1630). Of natural and artificiall arithmetique. London, United Kingdom: Author.
“Wright on measuring the meridian—Wright, Wren and Wilkins on an universal measure.” (1805). The Philosophical Magazine, 21, 163–173.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Clements, M.A.(., Ellerton, N.F. (2015). Weights and Measures in Teacher-Implemented Arithmetic Curricula in Eighteenth-Century North American Schools. In: Thomas Jefferson and his Decimals 1775–1810: Neglected Years in the History of U.S. School Mathematics. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02505-6_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02505-6_4
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-02504-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-02505-6
eBook Packages: Humanities, Social Sciences and LawEducation (R0)