Abstract
Evacuation experiments were performed in February and in March 2012 in Finland. The first set of experiments was done at Aalto University, where 83 university students were used as test persons in a setup where counter flows in corridor was examined. The second and third sets of experiments were conducted in Kuopio, where the persons attending the tests were students of Finnish emergency services college and conscripts, in total 60 persons. These later tests included a geometry related to stairs, where fatigue, fire fighters’ and normal people counter flows, and fire fighters’ rescue operations in stairs are examined. Trials were also performed using different door geometries. Two other scenarios were conducted in corridors, where density of smoke, different lightning conditions, and counter flows are examined on both group and individual levels. The preliminary results of the test series without throughout statistical analysis are presented in this paper.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Frantzich, H., Nilsson, D., 2003. Utrymning genom tät rök: beteende och förflytt-ning. Department of Fire Safety Engineering, Lund University, Sweden, Report 3126.
Isobe, M., Helbing, D., and Nagatani, T., 2004. Experiment, theory, and simulation of the evacuation of a room without visibility. Physical Review E vol. 69.
Jeon, G.-Y., Kim, J.-Y., Hong W.-H. and Augenbroe, G., 2011. Evacuation per-formance of individuals in different visibility conditions. Building and Environment 46(2011) 1094–1103.
Jin T., 1978. Visibility through fire smoke. Journal of Fire & Flammability, Vol 9.
Kobes, M., Helsloot, I., de Vries, B., Post, J.G., Oberije’, N., Groenewegen, K., 2010. Wayfinding during fire evacuation; an analysis of unannounced fire drills in a hotel at night. Building and Environment.
Nilsson, D., Johansson, M., Frantzich, H., 2009. Evacuation experiment in a road tunnel: A study of human behaviour and technical installations. Fire Safety Journal vol. 44.
Heliövaara, S., Kuusinen, J.-M., Rinne, T., Korhonen, T. & Ehtamo, H. 2012. Pedestrian behavior and exit selection in evacuation of a corridor – An experimental study. Safety Science 50, pp. 221–227.
Daamen. W. & Hoogendoorn. S.P. 2010. Emergency Door Capacity: Influence of Door Width, Population Composition and Stress Level. Fire Technology.
Gwynne, S. M., Kratchman, J., Kuligowski, E. D., & Milke, J. A. 2009. Questioning the Linear Relationship Between Doorway Width and Achievable Flow Rate. Fire Safety Journal 44 (2009) 80–87.
Helbing, D., Molnar, P. Social force model for pedestrian dynamics. Physical Review E 1995;51(5):4282–4286.
Schadschneider, A., Burstedde, C., Kirchner, A., Klauck, K., Zittartz, J.. Cellular automaton approach to pedestrian dynamics - Applications. In: Schreckenberg, M., Sharma, S., editors. Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics. Springer; 2001, p. 87–97.
Tajima, Y., Takimoto, K., Nagatani, T.. Pattern formation and jamming transition in pedestrian counter flow. Physica A 2002;313:709–723.
Blue, V.J., Adler, J.L.. Cellular automata microsimulation for modeling bidirectional pedestrian walkways. Transportation Research Part B: Methodological 2001;35:293–312.
Isobe, M., Adachi, T., Nagatani, T.. Experiment and simulation of pedestrian counter flow. Physica A 2004;336:638–650.
Kretz, T., Grnebohm, A., Kaufman, M., Mazur, F., Schreckenberg, M.. Experimental study of pedestrian counterflow in a corridor. Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment 2006;:2527–2539. P10001.
Acknowledgements
This work has been funded and acknowledged by the Finnish Fire Protection Fund, the Ministry of the Environment, the Ministry of the Interior, Abloy Ltd., L2 Paloturvallisuus Ltd., and VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland. Karelia Air Command of the Finnish Defense Forces and the Finnish Emergency Services College are specially acknowledged for their help, person hours, and the use of the premises.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2014 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this paper
Cite this paper
Rinne, T., Korhonen, T., Grönberg, P. (2014). Bottlenecks in Evacuation Design Considering Both Structural and Human Behavioural Aspects: An Experimental Study. In: Weidmann, U., Kirsch, U., Schreckenberg, M. (eds) Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics 2012. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02447-9_13
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02447-9_13
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-02446-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-02447-9
eBook Packages: Mathematics and StatisticsMathematics and Statistics (R0)