Skip to main content

How Much Does Storage Really Cost? Towards a Full Cost Accounting Model for Data Storage

  • Conference paper
Economics of Grids, Clouds, Systems, and Services (GECON 2013)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNCCN,volume 8193))

Included in the following conference series:

Abstract

In our everyday lives, we create massive amounts of data. But how much does it really cost to store data? With ever decreasing cost of storage media, a popular misconception is that the cost of storage has become cheaper than ever. However, we argue that the cost of storing data is not equal to the cost of storage media alone – rather, many often ignored factors including human, infrastructure, and environmental costs contribute to the total cost to store data. Unfortunately, very little research has been done to determine the full cost of cloud based storage systems. Most existing studies do not account for indirect factors and determinants of storage cost. To fully determine the true cost of data storage, we need to perform full cost accounting – a well known accounting technique. In this paper, we present a full cost accounting model for cloud storage systems. We include all the hidden and environmental costs as well as regular costs to develop a comprehensive model for storage system costs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work on creating a full cost accounting model for cloud based storage systems.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Intel: Moore’s law inspires Intel innovation, http://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/silicon-innovations/moores-law-technology.html (accessed February 5, 2013)

  2. Farrance, R.: Timeline: 50 Years of Hard Drives, http://www.pcworld.com/article/127105/article.html (accessed February 12, 2013)

  3. Hasan, R., Burns, R.C.: The life and death of unwanted bits: Towards proactive waste data management in digital ecosystems. CoRR abs/1106.6062 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  4. APC: Determining total cost of ownership for data center and network room infrastructure, http://www.apcmedia.com/salestools/CMRP-5T9PQG_R4_EN.pdf (accessed March 5, 2013)

  5. Horngren, C.T., Foster, G., Datar, S.M., Rajan, M., Ittner, C., Baldwin, A.A.: Cost accounting: A managerial emphasis. Issues in Accounting Education 25(4), 789–790 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Conway-Schempf, N.: Full cost accounting, http://gdi.ce.cmu.edu/gd/education/FCA_Module_98.pdf (accessed January 2, 2013)

  7. Popoff, F., Buzzelli, D.: Full-cost accounting. Chemical and Engineering News (United States) 71(2) (1993)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Epstein, P.R., Buonocore, J.J., Eckerle, K., Hendryx, M., Stout III, B.M., Heinberg, R., Clapp, R.W., May, B., Reinhart, N.L., Ahern, M.M., Doshi, S.K., Glustrom, L.: Full cost accounting for the life cycle of coal. Annals of the NY Academy of Sciences 1219(1), 73–98 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. United States Environmental Protection Agency: Full cost accounting in action: Case studies of six solid waste management agencies, http://www.epa.gov/osw/conserve/tools/fca/docs/fca-case.pdf (accessed March 2, 2013)

  10. United States Environmental Protection Agency: Wastes - resource conservation - conservation tools, http://www.epa.gov/osw/conserve/tools/fca/epadocs.htm (accessed March 2, 2013)

  11. Brannon, K., Chen, Y., Mbogo, L., et al.: Information lifecycle management. WO Patent 2,008,058,824 (May 23, 2008)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Pienta, G., Van Ness, M., Trowbridge, E.A., Canter, T.A., Morrill, W.K.: Building a power portfolio. In: Commercial Investment Real Estate (A Publication of the CCM Institute) (March/April 2003)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Conrad, K.: Data centers hot once again in the bay area, http://www.insidebayarea.com/business/ci_5570458 (accessed November 18, 2012)

  14. Department of Administration. Records management fact sheet 13, http://www.doa.state.wi.us/facts_view.asp?factid=68&locid=2 (accessed March 5, 2013)

  15. Malik, O.: Googlenet going global (September 2007), http://gigaom.com/2007/09/21/googlenet-going-global/ (accessed September 2, 2012)

  16. Economie: Google wil energie eemshaven heeft het (December 2007), http://www.trouw.nl/nieuws/economie/article1247225.ece

  17. Hard Drive Destruction in DC, MD, NY, OH and PA (July 2011), http://document-management-dc-md-ny-oh-pa.com/blog/9/hard-drive-destruction (accessed January 15, 2013)

  18. Glanz, J.: Power, Pollution and the Internet (September 2012), http://www.nytimes.com/2012/09/23/technology/data-centers-waste-vast-amounts-of-energy-belying-industry-image.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0 (accessed January 15, 2013)

  19. Smith, M.: Microsoft data center pollutes, then wastes millions of watts to avoid paying fine (September 2012), http://www.networkworld.com/community/blog/microsoft-data-center-pollutes-then-wastes-millions-watts-avoid-paying-fine (accessed January 25, 2013)

  20. Klots, C.E.: Evaporative cooling. The Journal of Chemical Physics 83, 5854 (1985)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. APC: Estimating a data centers electrical carbon footprint, www.apcmedia.com/salestools/DBOY-7EVHLH/DBOY-7EVHLH_R0_EN.pdf (accessed June 2, 2013)

  22. Show, K., Lee, D.: Carbon credit and emission trading: Anaerobic wastewater treatment. Journal of the Chinese Institute of Chemical Engineers 39(6), 557–562 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Grid, T.G.: Green grid metrics: describing data center power efficiency (February 2007), http://www.thegreengrid.org/~/media/WhitePapers/Green_Grid_Metrics_WP.pdf?lang=en

  24. OpenStoragePod: Petascale storage for the rest of us!, http://openstoragepod.org/ (accessed March 2, 2013)

  25. Nufire, T.: Petabytes on a budget: How to build cheap cloud storage (September 2009), http://blog.backblaze.com/2009/09/01/petabytes-on-a-budget-how-to-build-cheap-cloud-storage/ (accessed March 2, 2013)

  26. Leventhal, A.: Triple-parity raid and beyond. Queue 7(11), 30 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  27. Chen, P.M., Lee, E.K., Gibson, G.A., Katz, R.H., Patterson, D.A.: Raid: High-performance, reliable secondary storage. ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR) 26(2), 145–185 (1994)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Lin, W., Chiu, D.M., Lee, Y.: Erasure code replication revisited. In: Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Peer-to-Peer Computing, pp. 90–97. IEEE (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  29. Patel, C.D., Shah, A.J.: Cost model for planning, development and operation of a data center. Hewlett-Packard Laboratories Technical Report (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  30. Chen, Y., Sion, R.: To cloud or not to cloud? musings on costs and viability. In: ACM Symposium on Cloud Computing ACM SOCC (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  31. Rosenthal, D.S., Rosenthal, D.C., Miller, E.L., Adams, I.F., Storer, M.W., Zadok, E.: The economics of long–term digital storage. In: Memory of the World in the Digital Age, Vancouver, BC (2012)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2013 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this paper

Cite this paper

Dutta, A.K., Hasan, R. (2013). How Much Does Storage Really Cost? Towards a Full Cost Accounting Model for Data Storage. In: Altmann, J., Vanmechelen, K., Rana, O.F. (eds) Economics of Grids, Clouds, Systems, and Services. GECON 2013. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 8193. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02414-1_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02414-1_3

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-02413-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-02414-1

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics