Abstract
The formation of the European Union (EU) revolves around economic cooperation and integration. Over the decades the EU has developed into the world’s largest trading bloc and economy. It is therefore justified to claim that the EU as a whole ranks among the world’s great powers. In the definition of Buzan and Waever (2007, 34–36) great power interests stretch across the globe but often have unbalanced capabilities which may reduce the effectiveness of their efforts to pursue these interests. This conceptualisation fits the characteristics of the EU, which is an economic superpower, but has ineffective political institutions in the field of foreign policy making, and downright underdeveloped military capabilities. Nevertheless, in recent decades the EU has been trying to position itself as a credible foreign policy actor. In 2003 the EU for the first time presented its foreign security interests in the European Security Strategy (ESS). In pursuing its security interests abroad the EU has maintained its traditional mantra of promoting democracy – a logical policy as it is arguably the most stable political system available, and may well be considered one of the key ingredients to more than seven decades of stability in the largest parts of Europe.
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Notes
- 1.
Pakistan’s national assembly does not apply to the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA). Consequently, FATA does not have a police nor law courts and neither has the Supreme Court any jurisdiction to safeguard constitutional rights in this region (Synnott 2009, 106). Instead, order is maintained through meetings of tribal elders, or Jirgas, where rules and criminal judgments are made. The only legal ‘stick’ at the President’s disposal is the Frontier Crimes Regulation, issued by the British in 1901, which is based on the concept of collective punishment (Kronstadt and Katzman 2008, 11).
- 2.
- 3.
The multi-ethnic antipode of the Taliban is currently referred to as the National Front of Afghanistan. It is led by the warlords Rashid Dostum (Uzbek), Muhammad Mohaqiq (Hazara) and Ahmad Zia Massoud (Tajik). It is considered the successor to the Northern Alliance.
- 4.
These programmes include BOMCA (Border Management Programme in Central Asia), CADAP (Central Asia Drug Action Programme), CABSI (Central Asia Border Security Initiative) and CARICC (Central Asian Regional Information and Coordination Centre).
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Aarten, S.R., Wolf, S.O. (2014). The EU in Afghanistan’s Regional Security Complex. In: Wolf, S., Casaca, P., Flanagan, A., Rodrigues, C. (eds) The Merits of Regional Cooperation. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02234-5_14
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