Abstract
Productive ongoing activity in convergence science and engineering and broad distribution of their economic, societal, and environmental benefits across the nation and the world is not a given. This chapter addresses the need for continuing development and implementation of a new human infrastructure—specifically, affordable IT-based and interactive formal and informal education at all levels and for all individuals, with a strong focus on STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) subjects—and of a new physical infrastructure—specifically, advanced and accessible knowledge and communication networks, measurement capabilities, and laboratory and manufacturing facilities—that will be necessary for continuing progress and real benefit to society. For successful development of both types of infrastructure, it will be necessary for the social sciences to be better integrated into these processes; for them to be more science- and evidence-based; and for them to positively impact formation of broad partnerships and new governance modalities. International formal and informal knowledge sharing and deliberation will be critical as well. The convergence of knowledge and technology that has taken place to date will provide indispensable tools for all of these activities, but society’s commitment also must be engaged.
Corresponding editors M.C. Roco (mroco@nsf.gov) and W.S. Bainbridge (wbainbri@nsf.gov).
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
- 2.
- 3.
Various centers and networks, such as the Nanoscale Science and Engineering Centers (NSEC), the National Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network (NNIN), and the Network for Computational Nanotechnology (NCN).
- 4.
NanoCenters at Argonne, Brookhaven, Berkeley, Sandia, and Oak Ridge National Labs.
- 5.
Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology (CNST) at NIST Gaithersburg.
- 6.
For example, manufacturers can find user facilities and assistance at the websites http://www.nist.gov/mep/ ) and http://www.ornl.gov/user-facilities/mdf).
- 7.
- 8.
- 9.
- 10.
- 11.
- 12.
- 13.
- 14.
- 15.
Examples include K12 International Academy, http://www.k12.com/int, and CalPac http://calpacschools.rtrk.com/?scid=2506134&kw=12030127&pub_cr_id=8435962594
- 16.
- 17.
Broadening Participation Research Initiation Grants in Engineering, http://nsf.gov/pubs/2007/nsf07589/nsf07589.htm
- 18.
As an example see http://engineering.mit.edu/research/labs_centers_programs/novartis.php
- 19.
On August 15, 2012, the White House announced the launch of a new public–private institute for manufacturing innovation in Youngstown, Ohio. the National Additive Manufacturing Innovation Institute (NAMII), including manufacturing firms, universities, community colleges, and nonprofit organizations from the Ohio-Pennsylvania-West Virginia “Tech Belt.” In his State of the Union address on 12 February 2013, the President announced the launch of three more of these manufacturing hubs, aiming for a network of 15 of such hubs.
- 20.
- 21.
- 22.
- 23.
- 24.
This work was supported by NSF (DMR award #0843962). The author thanks Jennifer Shanahan and Kathleen Cosgrove for their help in preparing this case study.
- 25.
For example, see Tsukuba, Ibaraki. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsukuba,_Ibaraki and University of Tsukuba. Prospectus, http://www.tsukuba.ac.jp/english/about/index.html
- 26.
Hsinchu Science and Industrial Park: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hsinchu_Science_and_Industrial_Park
- 27.
See China-Singapore Suzhou Industrial Park: http://www.sipac.gov.cn/english/ and Suzhou Industrial Park: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suzhou_Industrial_Park
- 28.
See College of Nanoscale Science & Engineering. http://www.cnse.albany.edu/Home.aspx and Center for Economic Growth. College of Nanoscale Science & Engineering: http://www.ceg.org/economic_development/sites/the-college-of-nanoscale-science-and-engineering/
- 29.
See Karlsruhe Institute of Technology: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karlsruhe_Institute_of_Technology
- 30.
The full list of 14 KI core facilities is available at http://ki.mit.edu/sbc
- 31.
For more information about the MIT PS-OC, visit http://ki.mit.edu/approach/partnerships/psoc
- 32.
Additional information about the NCI Alliance for Nanotechnology in Cancer, MIT-Harvard CCNE is available online at http://nano.cancer.gov/action/programs/mit/
- 33.
For more information about KI and NCI’s Integrative Cancer Biology Program see http://ki.mit.edu/approach/partnerships
- 34.
More information about partnerships at KI is available at http://ki.mit.edu/approach/partnerships
References
ACS: Advancing graduate education in the chemical sciences. Full report of the ACS Presidential Commission on Graduate Education in the Chemical Sciences, 6 December 2012. Available online: http://portal.acs.org/portal/PublicWebSite/about/governance/CNBP_031603
Adobe Education: The silent transformation: evolution and impact of digital communication skills development in post secondary education (White Paper). Available online: http://www.adobe.com/education (2011)
Alexander, J.M., Svarovsky, G., Goss, J., Rosino, L., Mesiti, L.A., LeComte-Hinley, J., Reich, C.: A study of communication in the Nanoscale Informal Science Education Network. NISE Net. Online: http://nisenet.org/ncs (2012)
Atkins, D.E., Droegemeier, K.K., Feldman, S.I., Garcia-Molina, H., Klein, M.L., Messerschmitt, D.G., Messina, P., Ostriker, J.P., Wright, M.H.: Revolutionizing Science and Engineering Through Cyberinfrastructure: Report of the National Science Foundation Blue-Ribbon Advisory Panel on Cyberinfrastructure. NSF, Arlington (2003)
Balassone, M.: USC embraces online graduate education. USC Chron. 32(04), 1+ (2012)
Barben, D., Fisher, R., Selin, C., Guston, D.: Anticipatory governance of nanotechnology: foresight, engagement, and integration. In: Hackett, E., Amsterdamska, O., Lynch, M., Wajcman, J. (eds.) The Handbook of Science and Technology Studies, pp. 979–1000. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA (2008)
Bell, L.: Engaging the public in technology policy: a new role for science museums. Sci. Commun. 29(3), 386–398 (2008)
Bell, P., Lewenstein, B., Shouse, A.W., Feder, M.A. (eds.): Learning Science in Informal Environments: People, Places, and Pursuits. National Academies Press, Washington, DC (2009)
Blackwell, A.F., Wilson, L., Street, A., Boulton, C., Knell, J.: Radical Innovation: Crossing Knowledge Boundaries with Interdisciplinary Teams. University of Cambridge Computer Laboratory, Cambridge (2009). http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/techreports/UCAM-CL-TR-760.pdf. Accessed 11 October 2012
Blumenstyk, G.: Carnegie leader calls for presidential commission to guide higher education future. The Chronicle of Higher Education 12 November 2012
Board on Science Education, The National Academies: Commissioned Papers. Available online: http://www7.nationalacademies.org/bose/PP_Commissioned_Papers.html (2012)
Brooks, D.: The campus tsunami. The New York Times, 3 May 2012
CAISE (Center for Advancement of Informal Science Education): Conference advances the field of public participation in scientific research. CAISE Newsletter 29 (2012)
Cole, J.R.: The Great American University: Its Rise to Preeminence, its Indispensable National Role, and Why it Must be Protected. Public Affairs, New York (2009)
Collins, H.M.: Tacit and Explicit Knowledge. University of Chicago Press, Chicago (2010)
Cook, G.: How crowdsourcing in changing science. The Boston Globe: Ideas, 11 November 2011
Davidson, C.: A core curriculum to create engaged entrepreneurs. Co. EXIST. Available online: http://www.fastcoexist.com/1680124/a-core-curriculum-to-create-engaged-entrepreneurs (n.d.)
ED (U.S. Department of Education): 10 Facts About K–12 Education Funding. U.S. Department of Education, Washington, DC (2005)
Engardio, P.: A Mexican technology park in Monterrey. Business Week, 1 June 2009. Available online: http://www.businessweek.com/innovate/content/jun2009/id2009061_243746.htm
Engler, J.: STEM education is the key to the U.S.’s economic future. U.S. News & World Report (June 15, Opinion) (2012)
Evans, M.: A Guide to Personalizing Learning: Suggestions for the Race to the Top–District Competition (White paper E-WP-005). Innosight Institute, San Mateo (2012). Available online: http://www.innosightinstitute.org/
Flagg, B.N.: Compilation of Nanoscale Communication Projects. Part 2A (Exhibits) of Front-end Analysis in Support of Nanoscale Informal Science Education Network. Multimedia Research, Bellport (2005). Available online: http://www.nisenet.org/catalog
Flagg, B., Knight-Williams, V.: Summative Evaluation of NISE Network’s Public Forum: Nanotechnology in Health Care. Multimedia Research, Bellport (2008). Available online: http://informalscience.org/reports/0000/0391/NISEForumSummativeEval.pdf
Fonash, S.J.: Nanotechnology and economic resiliency. Nano Today 4(4), 290–291 (2009)
Gai, T., Dadayan, L.: Federal, State, and Local Education Finances. Nelson A. Rockefeller Institute of Government, University at Albany, SUNY, Albany, (2012). Available online: http://www.rockinst.org/government_finance/
Gorman, M.E.: Mind in the world: cognition and practice in the invention of the telephone. Soc. Stud. Sci. 27(4), 583–624 (1997)
Gorman, M.E.: Types of knowledge and their roles in technology transfer. J. Technol. Tran. 27(3), 219–231 (2002)
Gorman, M.E.: A framework for anticipatory governance and adaptive management of synthetic biology. Int. J. Soc. Ecol. Sustain. Dev. 3(2), 65–69 (2012)
Gorman, M.E., Spohrer, J.: Service science: a new expertise for managing sociotechnical systems. In: Gorman, M.E. (ed.) Trading Zones and Interactional Expertise: Creating new Kinds of Collaboration, pp. 75–105. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA (2010)
Gorman, M.E., Swami, N., Cohoon, J.M., Groves, J., Squibbs, K., Werhane, P.: Integrating ethics and policy into nanotechnology education. Journal of Nano Education, 4(1–2), 25–32 (2013). http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/asp/jne/2013/00000004/F0020001/art00004
Hallacher, P.M., Fonash, S.J., Fenwick, D.E.: The Pennsylvania Nanofabrication Manufacturing Technology (NMT) partnership: resource sharing for nanotechnology workforce development. Int. J. Eng. Educ. 18(5) (2002)
Hamlett, P., Cobb, M., Guston, D.: National citizens’ technology forum: Nanotechnologies and human enhancement. CNS-ASU Report #R08-0003. http://cns.asu.edu/cns-library/type/?action=getfile&file=88 (2008)
Hart, R., Karthigasu, K.: The benefits of virtual reality simulator training for laparoscopic surgery. Curr. Opin. Obstet. Gynecol. 19(4), 297–302 (2007)
Hays, S., Miller, C., Cobb, M.: Public attitudes toward nanotechnology-enabled cognitive enhancement in the United States. In: Hays, S., Robert, J., Miller, C., Bennett, I. (eds.) Nanotechnology, the Brain, and the Future: Yearbook of Nanotechnology in Society. Springer, Dordrecht (2013)
Holt, L., Colburn, D., Leverty, L.: Innovation and STEM education. University of Florida Bureau of Economic and Business Research. Available online: http://www.bebr.ufl.edu/articles/innovation-and-stem-education (n.d.)
Isaacson, W.: Steve Jobs. Simon & Schuster, New York (2011)
ITU (International Telecommunications Union): The World in 2011: ICT facts and figures. http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/ict/facts/2011/material/ICTFactsFigures2011.pdf (2011)
Jasanoff, S.: Technologies of humility: citizen participation in governing science. Minerva 41(3), 223–244 (2003)
Jones, B.F.: The burden of knowledge and the ‘death of the renaissance man’: is innovation getting harder? NBER Working Paper No. 11360. May Issue (2005)
Kahan, D.: Fixing the communications failure. Nature 463, 296–297 (2010)
Katsouleas, T.: Who says online courseware will cause the death of universities? Forbes Singularity University, 20 November 2012
Langdon, D., McKittrick, G., Beede, D., Kahn, B., Doms, M.: STEM: Good Jobs Now and for the Future. ESA Issue Brief #03-11. Education and Statistics Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington DC (2011)
Lerner, L.S., Goodenough, U., Lynch, J., Schwartz, M., Schwartz, R.: The State of State Science Standards. The Thomas B Fordham Institute, Washington, DC (2012)
Lécuyer, C.: Making Silicon Valley: Innovation and the Growth of High Tech, 1930–1970. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA (2006)
Leshner, A.I.: Public engagement with science. Science 299, 977 (2003)
Luks, F.: Post-normal science and the rhetoric of inquiry: deconstructing normal science? Futures 31(7), 705–719 (1999)
McCallie, E.L., Bell, L., Lohwater, T., Falk, J.H., Lehr, J.L., Lewenstein, B., Needham, C., Wiehe, B.: Many Experts, Many Audiences: Public Engagement with Science and Informal Science Education. A CAISE Inquiry Group Report. Center for Advancement of Informal Science Education, Washington, DC (2009). http://caise.insci.org/uploads/docs/public_engagement_with_science.pdf
Melguizo, T., Wolniak, G.C.: The earnings benefits of majoring in STEM fields among high achieving minority students. Res. High. Educ. 53, 383–405 (2012)
Molebash, P.: Technology and Education: Current and Future Trends. INDUS Training and Research Institute, Bangalore (1998)
Murday, J.S. (ed.): Partnership for nanotechnology education. NSF Workshop report under NSF award EEC 0805207. Available online: http://nsf.gov/crssprgm/nano/reports/educ09_murdyworkshop.pdf (2009)
Murday, J.S. (ed.): Workshop Report: International Benchmark Workshop on K–12 Nanoscale Science and Engineering Education (NSEE), Washington, DC, 6–7 December 2010. National Science Foundation, Arlington (2011). Available online: http://nsf.gov/crssprgm/nano/reports/educ09_murdyworkshop.pdf
Nielsen, M.: Reinventing Discovery: The New Era of Networked Science. Princeton University Press, Princeton (2011a)
Nielsen, J.: Lessons learned from graduated nanoeducation efforts. Presentation at 2011 NSF Nanoscale Science and Engineering Grantee Conference. Manhattan Strategy Group. http://www.nseresearch.org/2011/presentations/Day2_Jennifer_Nielson~FINAL_NSF_NSE_Grantees_Conference_Presentation.pdf (2011b)
NIH: Biomedical Research Workforce Working Group Report. National Institutes of Health, Washington, DC (2012). June 14
NRC (National Research Council): Preparing for the Revolution: Information Technology and the Future of the Research University. The National Academies Press, Washington, DC (2002)
NRC (National Research Council): Is America Falling off the Flat Earth? The National Academies Press, Washington, DC (2007a)
NRC (National Research Council): Rising Above the Gathering Storm: Energizing and Employing America for a Brighter Economic Future. The National Academies Press, Washington, DC (2007b). Initial report release in 2005
NRC (National Research Council): Engineering in K–12 Education: Understanding the Status and Improving the Prospects. The National Academies Press, Washington, DC (2009)
NRC (National Research Council): Successful K–12 STEM Education: Identifying Effective Approaches in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics. The National Academies Press, Washington, DC (2011)
NRC (National Research Council): A Framework for K–12 Science Education: Practices, Crosscutting Concepts, and Core Ideas. The National Academies Press, Washington, DC (2012a)
NRC (National Research Council): Community Colleges in the Evolving STEM Education Landscape: Summary of a Summit. The National Academies Press, Washington, DC (2012b)
NRC (National Research Council): Research Universities and the Future of America: Ten Breakthrough Actions Vital to our Nation’s Prosperity and Security. The National Academies Press, Washington, DC (2012c)
NSB (National Science Board of the National Science Foundation): A National Action Plan for Addressing the Critical Needs of the U.S. Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics Education System. National Science Foundation, Arlington (2007). http://www.nsf.gov/nsb/documents/2007/stem_action.pdf
NSB (National Science Board of the National Science Foundation): Preparing the next Generation of STEM Innovators: Identifying and Developing our Nation’s Human Capital. NSF, Arlington (2010). http://www.nsf.gov/nsb/publications/2010/nsb1033.pdf
NSF: Chapter 5: Learning and workforce development (2006–2010). In: Cyberinfrastructure Vision for 21st Century Discovery. National Science Foundation Cyberinfrastructure Council, Arlington (2007). Available online: http://www.nsf.gov/pubs/2007/nsf0728/nsf0728.pdf
NSF: A Report of the National Science Foundation Advisory Committee for Cyberinfrastructure, Task Force on Cyberlearning and Workforce Development. National Science Foundation, Arlington (2011). http://www.nsf.gov/od/oci/taskforces/TaskForceReport_Learning.pdf
NSF Cyberinfrastructure Council: Cyberinfrastructure Vision for the 21st Century. National Science Foundation (NSF 07-28), Arlington (2007)
NSTC (National Science and Technology Council Interagency Working Group on Advanced Manufacturing): A national Strategic Plan for Advanced Manufacturing. Executive Office of the President, Washington, DC (2012). http://www.whitehouse.gov/
Oblinger, D.G. (ed.): Game Changers: Education and Information Technologies. Educause, Washington, DC (2012)
OSTP (Office of Science and Technology Policy): 2010 Federal STEM Education Inventory Data Set. Executive Office of the President, Washington, DC (2012a). http://www.whitehouse.gov/blog/2012/04/18/ostp-releases-data-stem-education
OSTP (Office of Science and Technology Policy): Preparing a 21st Century Workforce, Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) Education in the 2013 Budget. Executive Office of the President, Washington, DC (2012b). http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/microsites/ostp/fy2013rd_stem.pdf
PCAST (President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology): Report to the President and Congress on the Third Assessment of the National Nanotechnology Initiative. Executive Office of the President, Washington, DC (2010). http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/microsites/ostp/pcast-nano-report.pdf
PCAST (President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology): Policy workstream report. Annex 4 in Capturing Domestic competitive advantage in advanced manufacturing: Report of the Advanced Manufacturing Partnership Steering Committee. Available online: http://www.whitehouse.gov/administration/eop/ostp/pcast/docsreports (2012a)
PCAST (President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology): Engage to Excel: Producing One Million Additional College Graduates with Degrees in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics. Report to the President. Executive Office of the President, Washington, DC (2012b). http://www.whitehouse.gov/administration/eop/ostp/pcast/docsreports
Pearson, G., Young, A.T. (eds.): Technically Speaking: Why all Americans Need to Know more About Technology. The National Academies Press, Washington, DC (2002)
Reich, C., Chin, E., Kunz, E.: Museums as forum: engaging science center visitors in dialogues with scientists and one another. The Informal Learning Review (July-August):1–8 (2006)
Reich, C., Bell, L., Kollmann, E.K., Chin, E.: Fostering civic dialogue: a new role for science museums? Mus. Soc. Issues 2(2), 207–220 (2007)
Rizzolatti, G., Fogassi, L., Gallese, V.: Neurophysiological mechanisms underlying the understanding and imitation of action. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 2(9), 661–670 (2001)
Robinett, W.: Imagine the consequences of fully understanding the brain. In: Roco, M.C., Bainbridge, W.S. (eds.) Converging Technologies for Improving Human Performance: Nanotechnology, Biotechnology, Information Technology and Cognitive Science, pp. 3–27. Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht (2003)
Roco, M.C., Bainbridge, W.S.: Overview: converging technologies for improving human performance. In: Roco, M.C., Bainbridge, W.S. (eds.) Converging Technologies for Improving Human Performance: Nanotechnology, Biotechnology, Information Technology and Cognitive Science, pp. 166–170. Kluwer, Dordrecht (2003)
Sacramento Bee.: McGraw-Hill Education launches Digital Learning Partnership Program to increase affordability and access to e-books and digital solutions among colleges nationwide, 5 November 2012
Schiavelli, M.: STEM jobs outlook strong, but collaboration needed to fill jobs. U.S. News & World Report (November 3, News) (2011)
Schmidt, W.H., McKnight, C.C.: Inequality for All: The Challenge of Unequal Opportunity in American Schools. Teachers College Press, New York (2012)
Sen, A.: Development as Freedom. Anchor/Random House, New York (2000)
Sharp, P.A., Langer, R.: Promoting convergence in biomedical science. Science 333(29), 527 (2011)
Sitzmann, T., Kraiger, K., Stewart, D., Wisher, R.: The comparative effectiveness of web-based and classroom instruction: a meta-analysis. Department of Defense contract number DASW01-03-C-0010. Blackwell Publishing (2006)
Sjoberg, S., Schreiner, C.: The next generation of citizens: attitudes to science among youngsters. In: Bauer, M., Shukla, R. (eds.) The Culture of Science: How Does the Public Relate to Science Across the Globe? Routledge, New York (2010)
Spohrer, J.: WorldBoard: What comes after the WWW? Research Report: Learning Communities Group32, ATG Apple Computer. Available at http://service-science.info/archives/2060 (1997)
Spohrer, J.C.: The meaning of learning from the perspective of rapid technological change. Educ. Technol. 42(2), 31–34 (2002)
Spohrer, J.C., Engelbart, D.C.: Converging technologies for enhancing human performance: Science and business perspectives. In: Roco, M.C., Montemagno, C.D. (eds.) The Coevolution of Human Potential and Converging Technologies, pp. 50–82. The New York Academy of Sciences, New York (2004)
Spohrer, J., Giuiusa, A.: Exploring the future of cities and universities: a tentative first step. In: Proceedings of Workshop on Social Design: Contribution of Engineering to Social Resilience, 12 May 2012. System Innovation. University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. Available at http://www.sys.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp (2012)
St. John, M., Helms, J.V., Castori, P., Hirabayashi, J., Lopez, L., Phillips, M.: NISE Network: Overview of the NISE Network Evaluation. Inverness Research, Inverness (2009)
The Foundation Center.: Top 50 U.S. foundations awarding grants for education circa 2012 (table). http://foundationcenter.org/findfunders/statistics/pdf/04_fund_sub/2010/50_found_sub/f_sub_b_10.pdf (2012)
The opportunity equation: Transforming mathematics and science education for citizenship and the global economy. Carnegie Corporation of New York, New York. Available online: http://carnegie.org/fileadmin/Media/Publications/PDF/OpportunityEquation.pdf (2009)
The Third Revolution: The Convergence of the Life Sciences, Physical Sciences, and Engineering. MIT White Paper, January 2011. Massachusetts Institute of Technology Washington DC Office, Washington, DC (2011). http://dc.mit.edu/. Accessed 11 October 2012
Trani, E.P., Holsworth, R.D.: The Indispensable University: Higher Education, Economic Development, and the Knowledge Economy. Rowman & Littlefield, New York (2010)
Turnpenny, J., Jones, M., Lorenzoni, I.: Where now for post-normal science? A critical review of its development, definitions, and uses. Sci. Technol. Hum. Values 36(3), 287–306 (2011). [Electronic version] http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0162243910385789
Vastag, B.: U.S. pushes for more scientists, but the jobs aren’t there. Washington Post (July 7, Health and Science) (2012)
Wetzel, D.R.: Science and technology adult education: continuing education programs designed for nontraditional learners. Suite101, Aug 28, http://suite101.com/continuingeducation (2009)
Wiley, D., Green, C., Soares, L.: Dramatically Bringing Down the Cost of Education with OER. Center for American Progress, Washington, DC (2012). Issue Brief. Feb 7
Wladawsky-Berger, I.: Why CIOs desperately need a technology-literate society. CIO J, 23 September 2012
Wong, J.A., Matsumoto, E.D.: Primer: cognitive motor learning for teaching surgical skill—how are surgical skills taught and assessed? Nat. Clin. Pract. Urol. 5(1), 47–54 (2008)
Yankelovich, D.: Winning greater influence for science. Issues Sci. Technol. http://issues.org/19.4/yankelovich.html (2003). Accessed 15 November 2009
Young, E.: Engineering your degree. Inside Higher Ed, 10 July 2012. http://www.insidehighered.com/
Recommended General Reading
Bell, L., Kollmann, E.K.: Strategic directions for PES. http://dimensionsofpes.wikispaces.com/Strategic+Directions+for+PES (2011). Accessed 20 December 2011
Bennet, G., Gilman, N., Stavrianakis, A., Rainbow, P.: From synthetic biology to biohacking: are we prepared? Nat. Biotechnol. 27, 1109–1111 (2009)
Murday, J.S. (ed.): Partnership for nanotechnology education. NSF Workshop report under NSF award EEC 0805207. http://nsf.gov/crssprgm/nano/reports/educ09_murdyworkshop.pdf (2009). Accessed 11 October 2012
Murday, J.S. (ed.): Workshop Report: International Benchmark Workshop on K–12 Nanoscale Science and Engineering Education (NSEE), Washington, DC, 6–7 December 2010. National Science Foundation, Arlington. Available online: http://www.nsf.gov/crssprgm/nano/reports/nsfnnireports.jsp (2011)
Murday, J., Hersam, M., Chang, R., Fonash, S., Bell, L.: Developing the human and physical infrastructure for nanoscale science and engineering. In: Roco, M.C., Mirkin, C.A., Hersam, M.C. (eds.) Nanotechnology Research Directions for Societal Needs in 2020. Springer, Dordrecht (2011)
NRC (National Research Council): A Framework for K–12 Science Education: Practices, Crosscutting Concepts, and Core Ideas. The National Academies Press, Washington, DC (2012a)
NRC (National Research Council): Research Universities and the Future of America: Ten Breakthrough Actions Vital to our Nation’s Prosperity and Security. The National Academies Press, Washington, DC (2012b)
NRC (National Research Council): Community Colleges in the Evolving STEM Education Landscape: Summary of a Summit. The National Academies Press, Washington, DC (2012c)
Sarasvathy, S.D.: Effectuation: Elements of Entrepreneurial Expertise. Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham (2008)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Murday, J. et al. (2013). Implications: People and Physical Infrastructure. In: Roco, M., Bainbridge, W., Tonn, B., Whitesides, G. (eds) Convergence of Knowledge, Technology and Society. Science Policy Reports. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02204-8_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02204-8_8
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-02203-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-02204-8
eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceChemistry and Material Science (R0)