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Poás Volcano pp 13–43Cite as

Geochemical and Geochronological Characterisation of the Poas Stratovolcano Stratigraphy

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Part of the book series: Active Volcanoes of the World ((AVOLCAN))

Abstract

In this chapter the stratigraphy of Poás volcano by using geological, petrographical, geochronological and geochemical analyses on the volcanic products erupted during the last 600 ka is defined. The northern flank of Poás consists of the following Units and Members: Río Sarapiquí, La Paz, Puente de Mulas Member (possibly from another source, though interdigitated with Poás products), Río Cuarto Lavas, Von Frantzius, Congo, Bosque Alegre and Laguna Kopper. The products on the southern flank are the Colima Formation, La Paz, Tiribí, Achiote, Poasito, Sabana Redonda and Poás Lapilli Tuff. The central part of the volcano is made up of the Poás Summit Unit, which includes the Main and Botos craters. Rock composition varies from basalts to dacites. During the last 600 ka the content of K2O and other oxides (e.g. TiO2 and P2O5) and trace elements (e.g. Zr, Ba) has varied significantly through time, implying the presence of two geochemical end-members since the beginning of the magmatic activity at Poás: (1) the Sabana Redonda Geochemical Component (TiO2 > 1%) enriched in HSFE and other trace elements, present in La Paz Andesites, Lavas Río Cuarto, Poasito, Sabana Redonda, Poás Lapilli Tuff and Botos crater lavas and (2) The Von Frantzius Geochemical Component (TiO2 < 0.8%) that was recognized in the lavas from the Main Crater, Von Frantzius, Achiote, Bosque Alegre, Congo and Botos. Lavas related to both magmatic components have coexisted over time as indicated by those found at Botos and the Main Crater. Units possibly related to a common vent, i.e. La Paz, Achiote and Main Crater, the percentages of K2O and TiO2 decreased through time.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Dr. Tyrone Rooney from the Department of Geological Sciences at Michigan State University for the new geochemical analyses presented in this chapter. Carolina Suárez and Amalia Gutiérrez from Lanamme UCR and several people from the Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences at Rutgers University and ICE who collaborated during this work. We thank Gianfilippo de Astis and Marinella Laurenzi for their insightful reviews, which greatly improved this manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratorio de Materiales y Modelos Estructurales, Universidad de Costa Rica, Ciudad de la Investigación, Finca 2, 15501-2060, San José, Costa Rica

    Paulo Ruiz

  2. Department of Geological Sciences, Salem State University, 352 Lafayatte Street, Salem, MA, 01970, USA

    Sara Mana

  3. Earth and Atmospheric Science, Cornell University, 2122 Snee Hall, Ithaca, NY, 14853-1504, USA

    Esteban Gazel

  4. Terra Cognita Consultores, San José, Costa Rica

    Gerardo J. Soto

  5. Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Rutgers University, 610 Taylor Rd., Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA

    Michael J. Carr

  6. Instituto Costarricense de Electricidad (ICE), San José, Costa Rica

    Guillermo E. Alvarado

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Correspondence to Paulo Ruiz .

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  1. Department of Earth Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy

    Franco Tassi

  2. Department of Earth Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy

    Orlando Vaselli

  3. Escuela Centroamericana de Geología, The University of Costa Rica, San Josè, Costa Rica

    Raul Alberto Mora Amador

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Ruiz, P., Mana, S., Gazel, E., Soto, G.J., Carr, M.J., Alvarado, G.E. (2019). Geochemical and Geochronological Characterisation of the Poas Stratovolcano Stratigraphy. In: Tassi, F., Vaselli, O., Mora Amador, R. (eds) Poás Volcano. Active Volcanoes of the World. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02156-0_2

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