Abstract
The city is the synthetic element of a culture because the evocative quality of the urban space recreates a world that, when expresses formal completeness, regards architecture as a research of perfection: research and completeness that the city, particularly the ancient one, reflects in its monuments and even more in its vast, various, and representative totality, also identifiable as monument.
The features of the Indo-Islamic city within urban history are the topic of this essay. Multan, a Pakistani historic city in the Punjab Province, has played, and may still play, a remarkable role as an example of perspectives of development in urban culture. Understanding the reasons for the ancient city's form provides the motivation for conservation and transformation choices. This gives sense and reason in view of the future city, where the ancient parts are destined to play an increasingly decisive role.
The work here presented deals with different fields of activities linked by the polytechnic culture that sees in the city as a great sea toward which flow the rivers of architectural, engineering, and industrial design research. Particularly, as can be seen better in the parts that follow, singular research activities, each directed toward its own distinct disciplinary specificity, proved to be capable of adapting the methods and procedures of knowledge and intervention to the problems and objectives set by the particular social status and economic and cultural conditions of Multan.
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Notes
- 1.
Manrique, Sebastian, Charles Eckford Luard, and H. Hosten. 1927. Travels of Fray Sebastian Manrique (1629–1643), a translation of the “Itinerario de las misiones orientales”, with introduction and notes by Lt-Col.C. Eckford Luard,…assisted by Father H. Hosten, S.J. Oxford: the Hakluyt Society.
- 2.
Sebastian Manrique describes the Punjab from Lahore to Multan as a country abounding in wheat, rice, vegetables, and cotton, with numerous villages and excellent inns. Multan was a considerable city carrying on an extensive trade, and was the rendezvous point of the caravans from Persia, Khorasan, and other western countries.
- 3.
The work can be seen online at the following: http://multan.uniconsulting.com/
- 4.
“This resembles the previous examples in being built of baked brick with some structural bonding courses of wood in addiction, with a lofty second storey which forms an octagonal drum, with an hemispherical dome, and with pinnacles at each external angle, but differs from them in its lowest store y which is also an octagon, with battering faces and engaged tapering buttresses terminating in pinnacles at each outer angle. The external decoration is worked out in stringcourses of tile-faced bricks and bands of raised diaper pattern, bands of calligraphy in carved brick, and the typical Multan tile work (known also at Ucch but nowhere else) wherein the main geometrical patterns are raised as much as 2 cm. above the tile background; this adds greatly to the richness of the tile work by adding depth and a constant effect of light and shade where the sheen of a plane surface would have become dulled by the dust which pervade Multan in the summer. The interior decoration includes fine woodcarving in shisham wood, with the six-pointed star (a common Ghaznavid motif, but otherwise rare in India until early Mughal times) in the spandrels of the wooden mihrab and scrolls of arabesque ornament similar to that of the maqsura of the Quwwat al-Islam mosque at Delhi.”
- 5.
About the term ishan, Burckhardt continues, “This word represents, in the Islamic world, the moral and spiritual base not only of the arts in strict sense, but of every work, no matter how modest is: the fact that every job can be executed with more or less perfection, it involves a value in itself, independently from its economic utility.”
- 6.
These photographs can be seen online at the following: http://www.marcointroini.net.
References
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Acknowledgments
The collaboration with the Aga Khan Trust for Culture has been useful both in terms of knowledge of its experience in the Walled City of Lahore and for the direct collaboration through which it was possible to obtain the topographic survey of the pilot area. For this contribution, we are grateful to the AKTC architects and technicians. Particularly, we are grateful to professor of architecture Masood Khan, an expert in conservation of historic living contexts. The experience of AKTC in the Walled City of Lahore under the responsibility of Professor Masood Khan is an exceptional example of urban intervention for scientific quality, methodological accuracy, and adherence to reality.
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Del Bo, A. (2014). Introduction and Approach: Sharing Culture and Knowledge of the Core of Multan. In: Del Bo, A., Bignami, D. (eds) Sustainable Social, Economic and Environmental Revitalization in Multan City. Research for Development. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02117-1_1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02117-1_1
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