Abstract
This study aims to examine Anna-Teresa Tymieniecka’s original speculation on the “phenomenology of life” with reference to the anthropological question of the human being as a “real individual and autonomous being”, considering its ontological centrality in the Cosmos. The investigations skilfully conducted in recent years by Tymieniecka show that the cosmological question is “directed to reality” and should not be associated exclusively with philosophical speculation. The strong link with the “world of life” will help us to work through her investigations and reach what she describes as “the trans-subjective universe”.
Anna-Teresa Tymieniecka’s plan is to rehabilitate phenomenology in accordance with a new approach determined by its reorientation as a philosophy of life in search of its logos: “Logos” and “Life” are conceived by Tymieniecka as inseparable. This plan is always present in the background to my own research.
In the analysis I will attempt a comparison between the philosophy of Anna-Teresa Tymieniecka and the “phenomenological realism” of Hedwig Conrad-Martius with reference to three constitutive elements: (1) the “phenomenology of life” and the “trans-physical world”; (2) the anthropological question of “individuation”; (3) an analysis of how the order and the forces of the cosmos are bound up with the creative forces of human beings.
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Notes
- 1.
Tymieniecka, A.-T. 1988. Creative experience and the critique of reason. Logos and Life, Book I, Dordrecht-Boston-London: Kluwer Academic Publishers (see also in Analecta Husserliana XXIV, 1988); Idem 1988. The three movements of the soul. Logos and Life, Book II, Dordrecht-Boston-London: Kluwer Academic Publishers (see also in Analecta Husserliana XXV, 1988); Idem 1990. The passions of the soul and the elements in the ontopoiesis of culture. Logos and Life, Book III, Dordrecht-Boston-London: Kluwer Academic Publishers (see also in Analecta Husserliana XXVIII, 1990); Idem 2000. Impetus and equipoise in the life-strategies of reason. Logos and Life, Book IV, Dordrecht-Boston-London: Kluwer Academic Publishers (see also in Analecta Husserliana LXX, 2000).
- 2.
Verducci, D. 2012. La fenomenologia della vita di Anna-Teresa Tymieniecka (Percorsi di etica – Saggi, 8), Rome: Aracne.
- 3.
Khalilov, S. 2012. Phenomenology of Life or Life of Idea, Baku: Azerbaijan University Press.
- 4.
Tymieniecka, A.-T. 1965. Leibniz’ Cosmological Synthesis. New York: Humanities Press, pp. 122–127.
- 5.
Tymieniecka, A.-T. 2011. La plénitude du logos dans le registre de la vie. La métaphysique dans les nouvelles lumières (English translation by Hill, C. M. and Weber, L. M.), Paris: L’Harmattan.
- 6.
For a complete bibliography of Conrad-Martius’ manuscripts, conserved in the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek archive in Munich, the reader is referred to the Catalogus codicum manu scriptorum Bibliothecae Monacensis. Die Nachlässe der Münchener Phänomenologen in der Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, E. Avé-Lallemant (ed.), Tomus X, Pars I, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, 1975, pp. 193–256. In addition, for a systematic study of her impact and a complete overview of her books, articles, essays and translations, the reader is referred to: Alfieri, F. 2008. Hedwig Conrad-Martius: A Philosophical Heredity Illustrated by Eberhard Avé-Lallemant, in Axiomathes 18, pp. 515–531 (http://www.sprin-gerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&id=doi:10.1007/s10516-008-9044-1); Idem 2010. Nota Bio-bibliografica di Hedwig Conrad-Martius, in Ales Bello, A. – Alfieri, F. – Shahid, M. (eds.). Edith Stein – Hedwig Conrad-Martius. Fenomenologia Metafisica Scienze, Bari: Edizioni Giuseppe Laterza, pp. 463–483; Idem 2011. L’ancoraggio ontico tra “Natura” e “Spirito” nel Das Sein di H. Conrad-Martius. Una questione aperta, in Baccarini, E. – D’Ambra, M. – Manganaro, P. – Pezzella, A. M. (eds.). Persona, Logos, Relazione. Una fenomenologia plurale. Scritti in onore di Angela Ales Bello, Rome: Città Nuova, pp. 346–362.
- 7.
Tymieniecka, A.-T. 2011. La plénitude du logos dans le registre de la vie. La métaphysique dans les nouvelles lumières, op. cit., p. 7.
- 8.
Ibid.
- 9.
For a more detailed treatment of this theme the reader is referred to: Tymieniecka, A.-T. 1996. Kronos e Kairos, in Tempo e Storia. Atti del VI Colloquio della facoltà di Filosofia [1994] (Dialogo di Filosofia, 12), (Italian translation by Ales Bello, A.), M. S. Sorondo (ed.), Roma: Herder – Università Lateranense, pp. 287–307.
- 10.
Ibid., p. 294. (my translation).
- 11.
Tymieniecka, A.-T. 2011. La plénitude du logos dans le registre de la vie. La métaphysique dans les nouvelles lumières, op. cit., p. 23.
- 12.
Ibid., p. 24.
- 13.
Ibid., p. 25.
- 14.
Ibid., p. 30. (my italics).
- 15.
Ibid. pp. 31–44 (Chapter 2: Le mode interrogateur du logos de la vie et sa révélation du logos universel).
- 16.
Ibid. p. 45.
- 17.
Tymieniecka, A.-T. 2001. The passion of the earth, in Analecta Husserliana LXXI, p. 8.
- 18.
Tymieniecka, A.-T. 2011. La plénitude du logos dans le registre de la vie. La métaphysique dans les nouvelles lumières, op. cit., p. 94.
- 19.
Ibid. p. 100.
- 20.
From the autumn of 1909 until the summer of 1912 she studied Philosophy, Psychology and History of Art in Munich (2 semesters). She joined the Akademischer Verein für Psychologie founded by Theodor Lipps, whose disciples were part of the nascent phenomenological movement that was inspired mainly by Edmund Husserl’s Logische Untersuchung. On the advice of Moritz Geiger she transferred to the University of Göttingen and attended four semesters with Edmund Husserl and Adolf Reinach. She was the first of three women – after her came Edith Stein and, in Freiburg, Gerda Walther – to be admitted to Husserl’s group of students. From 1911 to 1912 she chaired the Göttingen Philosophical Society (founded in 1907 by Theodor Conrad, who was later to become Hedwig Martius’ husband), whose members included Adolf Reinach, Max Scheler, Alexander Pfänder, Hans Lipps, Alexandre Koyré, Fritz Kaufmann, Dietrich von Hildebrand, Jean Hering, Winthrop Bell, and subsequently Edith Stein. She went on to win the Göttingen Faculty of Philosophy Prize for her essay entitled: Die erkenntnistheoretischen Grundlagen des Positivismus. The recognition she obtained did not help her to gain a doctorate from Göttingen, but Alexander Pfänder accepted her work and on the 20th of July she was awarded a Doctorate from the University of Munich, presenting a revised version of the afore-mentioned essay.
- 21.
Conrad-Martius, H. 1957. Phänomenologie und Spekulation, in Rencontre-Encounter-Begegnung. Festschrift für F. J. J. Buytendijk, Utrecht-Antwerpen, pp. 116–128; English translation, Phenomenology and Speculation, in Philosophy Today 3 (1959), pp. 43–51.
- 22.
Husserl, E. 1950 Die Idee der Phänomenologie. Fünf Vorlesungen, in Husserliana 2, W. Biemel (ed.), Dordrecht/Boston/Lancaster: M. Nijhoff, Den Haag.
- 23.
Conrad-Martius, H. 1959. Die transzendendale und die ontologische Phänomenologie, in Edmund Husserl 1859–1959 (Phaenomenologica, 4), Den Haag, p. 177 (my translation).
- 24.
Conrad-Martius, H. 1951 Das Lebendige, Die Endlichkeit der Welt, Der Mensch. Drei Dispute von Hedwig Conrad-Martius und Curt Emmrich, München: Kösel Verlag.
- 25.
Ibid. pp. 15–16 (my translation).
- 26.
Ibid. p. 16 (my translation).
- 27.
Ibid. p. 45 (my translation).
- 28.
Ibid. p. 36–38 (my translation).
- 29.
Ibid. pp. 166–167 (my translation).
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Alfieri, F. (2014). The Inseparable Link Between “Cosmology” and the “World of Life” in the Philosophy of Anna-Teresa Tymieniecka: The Originality of a New Perspective on the “Real Individual and Autonomous Being” and a Comparison with the “Phenomenological Realism” of Hedwig Conrad-Martius. In: Tymieniecka, AT. (eds) Phenomenology of Space and Time. Analecta Husserliana, vol 116. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02015-0_3
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