Integrated Control and Detection of Accidental Occurrences in Water Distribution Networks

Abstract

This chapter focuses on the protection of the distribution network itself as contrasted to the supporting peripheral facilities such as pumping stations, storage reservoirs, etc. Since these facilities are at concentrated points of the system they are easier to defend in the case of deliberate threats and easier to monitor in the case of accidents. Most distribution systems are protected by supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems, video surveillance and automatic alarms, and frequently by physical protection. It is considerably harder to protect the network itself, which is often spread over very large areas and contains many highly vulnerable points. Most distribution networks, even in large cities, do not have continuous monitoring which may make them the most vulnerable part of a water supply system.