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Biological Remediation of Explosive Residues pp 163–178Cite as

Bioremediation of Perchlorate Contaminated Environment

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Part of the book series: Environmental Science and Engineering ((ENVSCIENCE))

Abstract

Perchlorate is a highly oxidized chlorine oxy-anion manufactured for use as the oxidizer in solid propellants for rockets, missiles, explosives and pyrotechnics. Approximately 90 % of all perchlorate salts are manufactured as ammonium perchlorate for use in rocket and missile propellants. The periodic replacement and use of solid propellant has resulted in the discharge of more than 15.9 million kg of perchlorate salts into the environment since the 1950s. Perchlorate salts are highly soluble in water. Since sodium perchlorate has a solubility of about 2 kg/l, a large amount is readily transported to surface and ground waters. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) has identified perchlorate users and manufacturers in 44 states, and perchlorate releases in at least 20 states. Such perchlorate releases are estimated to have affected the drinking water supply to 15 million people.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for the Environment, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India

    Atreyi Ghosh

  2. Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India

    Kannan Pakshirajan

  3. Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India

    Pranab Kumar Ghosh

Authors
  1. Atreyi Ghosh
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  2. Kannan Pakshirajan
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  3. Pranab Kumar Ghosh
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kannan Pakshirajan .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Plant Ecology and Environmental Science Division, CSIR - National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Shree Nath Singh

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Ghosh, A., Pakshirajan, K., Ghosh, P.K. (2014). Bioremediation of Perchlorate Contaminated Environment. In: Singh, S. (eds) Biological Remediation of Explosive Residues. Environmental Science and Engineering(). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01083-0_8

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