Skip to main content

Design, Designers, and Reflection-in-Action

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

Abstract

The role of the designer is ever changing and we are constantly looking to improve our designer preparation methods. Reflection-in-action, an interdisciplinary design principle, is emerging as an important component in instructional design. This chapter explores reflection-in-action in design by defining reflection-in-action and by discussing theoretical foundations, perspectives of reflection within design, and its implications on design and designers. It also illustrates each of these principles through examples in a case study.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   159.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  • Adams, R. S., Turns, J., & Atman, C. J. (2003). Educating effective engineering designers: the role of reflective practice. Design Studies, 24, 275–294. doi:10.1016/S0142 694X(02)00059-X.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Atman, C. J., Cardella, M. E., Turns, J., & Adams, R. (2005). Comparing freshman and senior engineering design processes: An in-depth follow-up study. Design Studies, 26, 325–357. doi:10.1016/j.destud.2004.09.005.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Atman, C. J., Chimka, J. R., Bursic, K. M., & Nachtmann, H. L. (1999). A comparison of freshman and senior engineering design processes. Design Studies, 20, 131–152.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Aukes, L. J., Geertsma, J., Cohen-Schotanus, J., Zwierstra, R. P., & Slaets, P. J. (2007). The development of a scale to measure personal reflection in medical practice and education. Medical Teacher, 29(2–3), 177–182. doi:10.1080/01421590701299272.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ball, L. J., Onarheim, B., & Christensen, B. T. (2010). Design requirements, epistemic uncertainty, and solution development strategies in software design. Design Studies, 31, 567–589. doi:10.1016/j.destud.2010.09.003.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bradberry, T., & Greaves, J. (2005). The emotional intelligence quick book: Everything you need to know to put your EQ to work. New York: Fireside.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, T. (2008). Change by design. New York: Harper Business.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cennamo, K., Brandt, C., Scott, B., Douglas, S., McGrath, M., Reimer, Y., et al. (2011). Managing the complexity of design problems through studio-based learning. The Interdisciplinary Journal of Problem-Based Learning, 5(2), 12–36.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cross, N. (2007). Designerly ways of knowing. London: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cross, N. (2011). Design thinking: Understanding how designers think and work. London: Berg.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dorst, K. (2008). Design research: A revolution-waiting-to-happen. Design Studies, 29, 4–11. doi:10.1016/j.destud.2007.12.001.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dorst, K. (2011). The core of “design thinking” and its application. Design Studies. doi:10.1016/j.destud.2011.07.006.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fauth, J., & Williams, E. N. (2005). The in-session self-awareness of therapist trainees: Hindering or helpful? Journal of Counseling Psychology, 52(3), 443–447. doi:10.1037/0022-0167.52.3.443.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goel, V., & Grafman, J. (2000). Role of the right prefrontal cortex in ill-structured planning. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 17(5), 415–436. doi:10.1080/026432900410775.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guindon, R. (1990). Designing the design process: Exploiting opportunistic thoughts. Human Computer Interaction, 5, 305–344.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hixon, J. G., & Swann, W. B., Jr. (1993). When does introspection bear fruit? Self reflection, self-insight, and interpersonal choices. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64, 35–43.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Holmquist, M. (2007). Managing project transformation in a complex context. Creativity and Innovation Management, 16(1), 46–51. doi:10.1111/j.1467 8691.2007.00416.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jonassen, D. (1997). Instructional design model for well-structured and ill-structured problem-solving learning outcomes. Educational Technology Research and Development, 45(1), 65–95.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kolb, D. A. (1984). Experiential learning: Experience as the source of learning and development. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Laurillard, D. (2012). Teaching as a design science: Building pedagogical patterns for learning and technology. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lawson, B. (2006). How designers think: The design process demystified (4th ed.). Oxford, UK: Elsevier.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lawson, B., & Dorst, K. (2009). Design expertise. Oxford, UK: Elsevier.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lowgren, J., & Stolterman, E. (2004). Thoughtful interaction design: A design perspective on information technology. Boston, MA: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moffett, L. A. (2009). Directed self-reflection protocols in supervision. Training and Education in Professional Psychology, 3, 78–83.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nelson, H. G., & Stolterman, E. (2003). The design way: Intentional change in an unpredictable world: Foundations and fundamentals of design competence. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Educational Technology Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schön, D. A. (1983). The reflective practitioner: How professionals think in action. Boston: Basic Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schön, D. A. (1988). Designing: Rules, types, and worlds. Design Studies, 9(3), 181–190.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Scott, B., Shurville, S., Maclean, P., & Cong, C. (2007). Cybernetic principles for learning design. Kybernetes, 26(9/10), 1497–1514. doi:10.1108/0368 4920710827445.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, K. M., & Boling, E. (2009). What do we make of design? Design as a concept in educational technology. Educational Technology, 49(4), 3–17.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tracey, M. W., & Boling, E. (2013). Preparing instructional designers and educational technologists: Traditional and emerging perspectives. In M. Spector, D. Merrill, J. Elen, & M. J. Bishop (Eds.), Handbook of research on educational communications and technology.

    Google Scholar 

  • Valkenburg, R., & Dorst, K. (1998). The reflective practice of design teams. Design Studies, 19, 249–271.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Monica W. Tracey .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Tracey, M.W., Baaki, J. (2014). Design, Designers, and Reflection-in-Action. In: Hokanson, B., Gibbons, A. (eds) Design in Educational Technology. Educational Communications and Technology: Issues and Innovations. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-00927-8_1

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics