Abstract
Cultural preservation as a public policy is a product of Western cultural history which developed organically as part of the process of formation of nation states. Therefore, it can and should be the object of critical reflection. In relation to intangible goods, this development is more than 10 years old, in various countries as well as in the global public cultural sphere. This is not the place to conduct a critical review of the results achieved by national conservation bodies or by UNESCO, supported by active non-governmental organizations and academic specialists. But it is time to focus on a certain malaise that is often manifested in academic milieux around what is currently called ‘patrimonialization’, mainly when the cultural dynamics of heritage holder communities is at stake.
This chapter is based on “The problem: from the Wajãpi point of view”, Chap. 2 of Arantes (2009), originally published by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) on its official website at http://www.wipo.int/tk/en/culturalheritage/surveys.html. The Secretariat of WIPO, copyright owner, assumes no liability or responsibility with regards to any transformation of this material.
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Notes
- 1.
More information on the Creative Heritage Project can be found at <http://www.wipo.int/tk/en/culturalheritage>.
- 2.
I would like to express my sincere gratitude to the Wajãpi and to the Iepé staff for their support to this project and particularly to Dominique Tilkin Gallois, who has so generously shared her knowledge and experience. I would also like to thank WIPO, especially Wend Wendland and the Creative Heritage Project staff, for accepting the idea of including these fieldwork observations in our plans, despite the practical difficulties that this has entailed.
- 3.
Information on the Wajãpi Program developed by Iepé is available at: http://www.institutoiepe.org.br/english/the-wajapi-programme.
- 4.
Interviews took place from 7 to 15 December 2008 with Aipi, Caubi, Japarupi, Jawapuku, Jawaruwa, Kupenã, Kuripi, Marãte, Matapi, Nazaré Ajãreaty, Parikura, and Rosenã.
References
Arantes, A. A, 2009: Documenting and disseminating traditional knowledge and cultural expressions in Brazil. Vol. 1: Survey (147 p.) Legislation, institutional guidelines and instruments. (406. p.): (Geneva: WIPO. Available at http://www.wipo.int/tk/en/culturalheritage/surveys.html
Gallois, Dominique T, 2002: “Expressão Gráfica e Oralidade entre os Wajãpi do Amapá.” Boletim do Museu do Índio. Documentação, nº 9, Rio de Janeiro: Museu do Índio.
Gallois, Dominique T, 2006: Expressão Gráfica e Oralidade entre os Wajãpi do Amapá. Dossiê 2. ISBN 85-7334-025-8. Rio de Janeiro: Iphan.
Professores W, 2008: I’ã Macapá: Iepé/Apina.
Wajãpi R, 2008: The origin of the kusiwa (In preparation).
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Arantes, A.A. (2013). Beyond Tradition: Cultural Mediation in the Safeguarding of ICH. In: Arizpe, L., Amescua, C. (eds) Anthropological Perspectives on Intangible Cultural Heritage. SpringerBriefs in Environment, Security, Development and Peace, vol 6. Springer, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-00855-4_4
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