Abstract
Modified hybrid-\(\pi \) models of active devices and a design method for negative-feedback amplifiers with specified signal-to-error ratio (ser) have been presented in the previous chapters. This chapter presents some designs of negative-feedback amplifiers using the models and the method developed in those chapters, to demonstrate and verify the design method. Therefore, application specific amplifiers with low emi susceptibility are designed for relatively low interfering frequencies to ease emi measurements.
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Notes
- 1.
The bandwidth is lower than predicted by \(\omega _0= \sqrt{(1-A\beta _0)p_ip_l}\), (\(\omega _0/(2\pi )\approx \) 409 and 666Â kHz, respectively.) due to the Miller effect. Note that the \(\chi _{max}\) is still located at about \(\omega _0/(2\pi )\), as is expected.
- 2.
In general, it is better to cascode a fet to reduce the detrimental effect of \(g_{ds2}\), as was discussed in Chap. 3. Both measurements and evaluation of the effects of \(g_{ds2}\), using a comparable method as discussed in Appendix B, show that its effect may indeed be neglected for this amplifier at the presented frequencies of interest.
- 3.
The electric and magnetic fields of the em wave are perpendicular to each other and perpendicular to the directions of propagation (see Sect. 2.6).
- 4.
Note that a difference of 25Â dB instead of 24Â dB would have resulted in almost exactly 1Â V\(_\mathrm{peak}\) of disturbance. Because of the simplified models, it is reasonable to assume that this one dB more disturbance may occur in practical cases.
- 5.
Simulations show that the exact value of the input impedance of the negative-feedback amplifier to be designed does not matter much as long as it is of the same order of magnitude as the impedance of the oscilloscope.
- 6.
This is a trade-off between the chance of \(I_{dQ}\) being larger than the drain current in saturation [typically 3Â mA, maximally 10Â mA, and minimally 0.5Â mA (Vishay 2001)] and the contribution the jfet can make to the loop gain.
- 7.
A common place to introduce a phantom zero is in the feedback network (Verhoeven et al. 2003). Here, however, it was found that a phantom zero in the feedback network was ineffective because the (inevitable) accompanying pole was located near the phantom zero, making it ineffective. A phantom zero at the input is effective because the accompanying pole is located at a much higher frequency (approximately \(-156\)Â Mrad/s).
- 8.
Note that no simulation results are presented at frequencies higher than 7Â MHz. Even with contemporary computers, simulation time and file size become so long that it is impractical to perform accurate simulations at higher frequencies.
- 9.
Note that using a balanced input amplifier will reduce common-mode to differential mode conversion of the (out-of-band) disturbance. The total disturbance reduces and \(u_{s, \omega _l}\) will become even smaller.
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van der Horst, M.J., Serdijn, W.A., Linnenbank, A.C. (2014). Realizations. In: EMI-Resilient Amplifier Circuits. Analog Circuits and Signal Processing, vol 118. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-00593-5_7
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