Skip to main content

Strategies Used for Reducing the Generation of Pollutants

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
  • 1031 Accesses

Part of the book series: SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology ((BRIEFSAPPLSCIENCES))

Abstract

Several strategies have been used for reducing the generation of pollutants. These are process modification through adaptation of cleaner technologies as alternatives to conventional technologies and end-of-pipe pollution treatment technologies, which are essential either as a supplement or as a backup measure to pollution reduction techniques in order to meet the effluent regulation standards. Both these approaches are equally important in meeting the environmental regulations and are described in this chapter.

Some excerpts taken from Bajpai (2012a). Biotechnology for Pulp and Paper Processing with kind permission from Springer Science+Business Media.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  • Abdel-Fattah YR, Hoda HH, El-Kassas HY, Sabry SA (2001) Bioprocess development of paper mill effluent’s decolourization by Phanerochaete chrysosporium DSMZ 1556. Fresenius Environ Bull 10(10):761–765

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Achoka JD (2002) The efficiency of oxidation ponds at the Kraft pulp and paper mill at Webuye in Kenya. Water Res 36:1203–1212

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Afonso MD, Pinho MN (1991) Membrane separation processes in pulp and paper production. Filtr Sep 28(1):42–44

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Akhtar M, Blanchette RA, Myers G (1998) An overview of biomechanical pulping research. In: Young RA, Akhtar M (eds) Environmentally friendly technologies for the pulp and paper industry. Wiley, New York, pp 309–340

    Google Scholar 

  • Ali M, Sreekrishnan TR (2007) Anaerobic treatment of agricultural residue based pulp and paper mill effluents for AOX and COD reduction. Process Biochem 36(1–2):25–29

    Google Scholar 

  • Altnbas U, Eroglu V (1997) Treatment of bleaching effluent in sequential activated sludge and nitrification systems. Fresen Envir Bull 6:103–108

    Google Scholar 

  • Amat AM, Arques A, Lopez F, Miranda MA (2005) Solar photo-catalysis to remove paper mill wastewater pollutants. Sol Energy 79:393–401

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson JR, Amini B (1996) Hydrogen peroxide bleaching. In: Dence CW, Reeve DW (eds) Pulp bleaching: principles and practice. Tappi Press, Atlanta, p 411

    Google Scholar 

  • Andreasan K, Agertved J, Petersen JO, Skaarup H (1999) Improvement of sludge settleability in activated sludge plants treating effluent from pulp and paper industries. Water Sci Technol 40(11–12):215–221

    Google Scholar 

  • Archibald F, Paice MG, Jurasek L (1990) Decolourization of Kraft bleaching effluent chromophores by Coriolus (Trametes) versicolour. Enz Microbiol Technol 12:846–853

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Asselin C, Collin D, Graff S (2000) Effluent treatment for chronic toxicity removal with the suspended carrier biofilm reactor. In; Tappi international environmental conference and exhibit. Denver CO, vol 2. Norcross, GA 30092, USA: Technical Association for Pulp and Paper Industry (TAPPI); May 2000, pp 805–811

    Google Scholar 

  • Ataberk S, Gokcay CF (1997) Removal of chlorinated organics from pulping effluents by activated sludge process. Fersen Envir Bull 6:147–153

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bajpai P, Mehna A, Bajpai PK (1993) Decolourization of Kraft bleach effluent with white rot fungus Trametes versicolour. Process Biochem 28:377–384

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bajpai P, Ananad A, Bajpai PK (2006) Bleaching with lignin oxidizing enzymes. Biotechnol Ann Rev 12:349–378

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bajpai P (2012a) Biotechnology for pulp and paper processing. Springer Science+Business Media, New York, p 414

    Google Scholar 

  • Bajpai P (2012b) Environmentally benign approaches for pulp bleaching, 2nd edn. Elsevier Science B.V, p 416

    Google Scholar 

  • Barr TA, Taylor T, Duff S (1996) Effect of HRT, SRT and temperature on the performance of activated sludge reactors treating bleached mill effluent. Water Res 30(4):799–802

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Begum JA, Menezes GB, Moo-Young HK (2012) Treatment of pulp and paper mill wastewater. Water Environ Res 84:1502–1510

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Belém A, Panteleitchouk AV, Duarte AC, Rocha-Santos TAP, Freitas AC (2008) Treatment of the effluent from a Kraft bleach plant with white rot fungi. Pleurotus sajor caju and Pleurotus ostreatu Global NEST J 10(3):426–431

    Google Scholar 

  • Belsare DK, Prasad DY (1988) Decolourization of effluent from the bagasse based pulp mills by white-rot fungus Schizophyllum commune. Appl Microbiol Biotech 28:301–304

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bergbauer M, Eggert C, Kraepelin G (1991) Degradation of chlorinated lignin compounds in a bleach effluent by the white-rot fungus Trametes versicolour. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 35(1):105–109

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bergbauer M, Eggert C, Kalnowski G (1992) Biotreatment of pulp mill bleachery effluent with the Coelomycetous fungus Stagonospora gigaspora. Biotech Lett 14(4):317–322

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Berube PR, Hall ER (2000) Fate and removal kinetics of contaminants contained in the evaporator condensate during treatment for reuse using a high temperature membrane bioreactor. In: Proceedings of the 86th PAPTAC annual meeting, Montreal, Quebec. Canada: Pulp and Paper Technical Association of Canada, p B67

    Google Scholar 

  • Bollag JM, Shottleworth KL, Anderson DH (1988) Laccase-mediated detoxification of phenolic compounds. Appl Env Microbiol 54:3086–3091

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boman B, Frostell B, Ek M, Eriksson KE (1988) Some aspects on biological treatment of bleached pulp effluents. Nord Pulp Pap Res J 1:13–18

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Borch-Due A, Anderson R, Opheim B (1997) Treatment of integrated newsprint mill wastewater in moving bed biofilm reactors. Water Sci Technol 35(2–3):173–180

    Google Scholar 

  • Breed D, Shackford LD, Pereira ER, Colodette JL (1995) Cost-effective retrofit of existing bleach plants to ECF and TCF bleached pulp production using a novel peroxide bleaching process. Pulping Conference, Chicago, IL, USA, 1–5 Oct 1995, Book 2, pp 779–788

    Google Scholar 

  • Brite CEC (1994) Nanofiltration joins electrodialysis in recycling pulp bleach effluents. Chemical Eng 101:23–28

    Google Scholar 

  • Bryant CV, Amy GL, Allemen BC (1987) Organic halide and organic carbon distribution and removal in a pulp and paper wastewater lagoon. J Water Pollut Control Fed 59(10):890–896

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bryant CW, Barkley WA (1990) The capabilities of conventional treatment systems for removal of chlorinated organic compounds from pulp and paper wastewater. Pacific Paper EXPO Technical Conference Proceedings, Program 7: Environment, Vancouver, BC

    Google Scholar 

  • Bryant CW, Amy GL, Neil R, Ahmed S (1988) Partitioning of organic chlorine between bulk water and benthal interstitial water through a Kraft mill aerated lagoon. Wat Sci Tech 20(1):73–79

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bryant CW, Avenell JJ, Barkley WA, Thut RN (1992) The removal of chlorinated organics from conventional pulp and paper wastewater treatment systems. Water Sci Technol 26(1–2):417–425

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bryant CW, Barkley WA, Garett RM, Gardner FD (1997) Biological nitrification of Kraft wastewater. Water Sci Technol 35(2–3):147–153

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Buckley DB (1992) A review of pulp and paper industry experience with biological treatment process bacterial augmentation. In: Tappi environmental conference, Tappi Press Atlanta, GA. U.S.A, pp 750–810

    Google Scholar 

  • Bullock JM, Bicho PA and Saddler JN (1994) The effect of high molecular weight organics in bleached Kraft mill effluent on the biological removal of chlorinated phenolics. In: Proceedings of 1994 environmental conference, pp 371–378

    Google Scholar 

  • Call HP (1991) Laccases in delignification, bleaching and wastewater treatment. Patent No. DE 4137761

    Google Scholar 

  • Cammarota MC, Santanna GL Jr (1992) Decolourization of Kraft bleach plant E1 stage effluent in a fungal bioreactor. Environ Technol 13:65–71

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Campbell AG, Gerrard ED, Joyce TW (1982) The MyCoR process for colour removal from bleach plant effluent: bench-scale studies. In: Proceedings of the Tappi research and development conference, North Carolina, Tappi Press, Atlanta, Ga, pp 209–214

    Google Scholar 

  • Chandra R (2001) Microbial decolourisation of pulp mill effluent in presence of nitrogen and phosphorous by activated sludge process. J Environ Biol 22(1):23–27

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chandra R, Singh S, Krishna Reddy MM, Patel DK, Purohit HJ, Kapley A (2008) Isolation and characterization of bacterial strains Paenibacillus sp. and Bacillus sp. for Kraft lignin decolourization from pulp paper mill waste. J Gen Appl Microbiol 54(6):399–407

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chernoberezhskii YuM, Dyagileava AS, Barysheva IA (1994) Coagulation treatment of wastewaters from paper and pulp plants. Russ J Appl Chem 67(3):354–359

    Google Scholar 

  • Chernysh A, Liss NS, Allen GD (1992) A batch study of the aerobic and anaerobic removal of chlorinated organic compounds in an aerated lagoon. Water Pollut Res J Can 27(3):621–638

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Christov LP and Steyn MG (1998) Modifying the quality of a bleach effluent using Mucoralean and white-rot fungi. In: Proceedings of 7th international conference on biotechnology in the pulp and paper industry. Vancouver, Canada, pp C203–C206

    Google Scholar 

  • Chuphal Y, Kumar V, Thakur IS (2005) Biodegradation and decolourization of pulp and paper mill effluent by anaerobic and aerobic microorganisms in a sequential bioreactor. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 21(8–9):1439–1445

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Clark T, Bruce M, Anderson S (1994) Decolourization of E1 stage bleach effluent by combined hypochlorite oxidation and anaerobic treatment. Wat Sci Technol 29(5/6):421–432

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Das CP, Patnaik LN (2000) Removal of lignin by industrial solid wastes. Pract Period Hazard Toxic Radioact Waste Manag 4(4):156–161

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Davis S, Burns RG (1992) Covalent immobilisation of laccase on activated carbon for phenolic effluent treatment. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 37:474–479

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • De Pinho MN, Minhalma M, Rosa MJ, Taborda F (2000) Integration of flotation/ultrafiltration for treatment of bleached pulp effluent. Pulp Pap Can 104(4):50–54

    Google Scholar 

  • Deardorff TL, Willhelm RR, Nonni AJ, Renard JJ, Phillips RB (1994) Formation of polychlorinated phenolic compounds during high chlorine dioxide substitution and bleaching. Tappi J 77(8):163–173

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Deshpande SH, Khanolkar VD and Pudumjee KD (1991) Anaerobic-aerobic treatment of pulp mill effluents: a viable technological option. In: Proceedings of the international workshop on small scale chemical recovery, high yield pulping and effluent treatment, 16–20 Sept 1991, New Delhi, India, pp 201–213

    Google Scholar 

  • Dezotti M, Innocentini-Mei LH, Duran N (1995) Silica immobilised enzyme catalysed removal of chlorolignins from Kraft effluent. J Biotechnol 43:161–167

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dilek FB, Goekcay CF (1994) Treatment of effluents from hemp based pulp and paper industry: I. Waste characterization and physicochemical treatability. Wat Sci Technol 29(9):161–163

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dorica J, Elliott A (1994) Contribution of non-biological mechanisms of AOX reduction attained in anaerobic treatment of peroxide bleached TMP mill effluent. In: Proceedings of Tappi international environmental conference, pp 157–163

    Google Scholar 

  • Dube M, McLean R, MacLatchy D, Savage P (2000) Reverse osmosis treatment: effects on effluent quality. Pulp Pap Can 101(8):42–45

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Duran N, Dezotti M, Rodriguez J (1991) Biomass photochemistry—XV: photobleaching and biobleaching of Kraft effluent. J Photochem Photobiol 62:269–279

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Duran N, Esposito E, Innocentini-Mei LH, Canhos VP (1994) A new alternative process for Kraft E1 effluent treatment, a combination of photochemical and biological methods. Biodegradation 5(1):13–19

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eaton DC, Chang HM, Kirk TK (1980) Fungal decolourization of Kraft bleach plant effluents. Tappi J 63(10):103–106

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eaton DC, Chang HM, Joyce TW, Jeffries TW, Kirk TK (1982) Method obtains fungal reduction of the colour of extraction-stage Kraft bleach effluents. Tappi J 65(6):89–92

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Edeline F, Lambert G, Fatliccioni H (1988) Anaerobic treatment of mixed hardwood Kraft pulp cooking condendates with first alkaline stage effluents. In: G Grassi (ed) Energy from Biomass–4. Proceedings of the 3rd contractors meeting, pp 463–475

    Google Scholar 

  • Eeckhaut M, Alaerts G, Pipyn P (1986) Anaerobic treatment of paper mill effluents using polyurethane foam carriers reactor (PCR) technology. In: PIRA paper and board division seminar. Cost effective treatment of paper mill effluents using anaerobic technologies, 14–15 Jan 1986, Leatherhead, UK

    Google Scholar 

  • EK M, Eriksson KE (1987) External treatment of bleach plant effluent. In: 4th international symposium on wood and pulping chemistry, Paris

    Google Scholar 

  • EK M, Kolar MC (1989) Reduction of AOX in bleach plant effluents by a combination of ultrafiltration and biological methods. In: Proceedings of 4th international biotechnology, conference in pulp and paper industry, Raleigh, North Carolina, 16–19 May 1989, pp 271–278

    Google Scholar 

  • Eriksson KE (1990) Biotechnology in the pulp and paper industry. Water Sci Technol 24:79–101

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eriksson KE, Kolar MC (1985) Studies on microbial and chemical conversions of chlorolignins. Environ Sci Technol 19(12):1219–1224

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Esposito E, Canhos VP, Duran N (1991) Screening of lignin degrading fungi for removal of colour from Kraft mill wastewater with no additional extra carbon source. Biotech Lett 13(8):571–576

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Evans T, Sweet W, Monlescu DJ (1994) Applying proven technology to eliminate Kraft bleach plant effluents. In: Proceedings of annual meeting technical section, Canadian Pulp and Paper Association, Montreal, Canada, pp 237–242

    Google Scholar 

  • Falth F (2000) Ultrafiltration of E1 stage effluent for partial closure of the bleach plant. In: Proceedings of 86th PAPTAC annual meeting, Montreal, Quebec. Canada: Pulp and Paper Technical Association of Canada, p B85

    Google Scholar 

  • Farrel RL (1987a) Use of rLDM™ 1-6 and othe ligninolytic enzymes. WO 87/00564

    Google Scholar 

  • Farrel RL (1987b) Industrial applications of lignin transforming enzymes. Philos Trans R Soc London A 321:549–553

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ferguson JF, Dalentoft E (1991) Investigation of anaerobic removal and degradation of organic chlorine from Kraft bleaching wastewaters. Wat Sci Tech 24:241–250

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ferguson JF, Luonsi A, Ritter D (1990) Sequential anaerobic/aerobic biological treatment of bleaching wastewaters. In: Proceedings of Tappi environmental conference. Atlanta, GA, pp 333–338

    Google Scholar 

  • Ferrer I, Dezotti M, Duran N (1991) Decolourization of Kraft effluent by free and immobilized lignin peroxidase and horseradish peroxidase. Biotech Lett 13:577–582

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Field JA (1986) Method for biological treatment of waste waters containing nondegradable phenolic compounds and degradable nonphenolic compounds. EP Patent 1986; EP 238148

    Google Scholar 

  • Field JA, Lettinga G (1991) Treatment and detoxification of aqueous spruce bark extracts by Aspergillus niger. Wat Sci Technol 24:127–137

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Field JA, Leyendeckers MJH, Sierra-Alvarez R, lettinga G, Habets LHA (1988) The methanogenic toxicity of bark tannins and the anaerobic biodegradability of water soluble bark matter. Wat Sci Tech 20:219–240

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Field JA, Leyendeckers MJH, Sierra–Alvarez R, Lettinga G (1991) Continuous anaerobic treatment of auto-oxidized bark extracts in laboratory-scale columns. Biotechnol Bioeng 37:247–255

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fitzsimonas R, Ek M, Eriksson K-EL (1990) Anaerobic dechlorination/degradation of chlorinated organic compounds of different molecular masses in bleach plant effluents. Environ Sci Tech 24:1744–1748

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Forss K, Jokinen K, Savolainen M, Williamson H (1987) Utilization of enzymes for effluent treatment in the pulp and paper industry. In: Proceeding of the 4th international symposium on wood and pulping chemistry, vol 1, Paris, France, pp 179–183

    Google Scholar 

  • Franta JR, Wilderer PA (1997) Biological treatment of papermill wastewater by sequencing batch reactor technology to reduce residual organics. Water Sci Technol 35(1):129–136

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Franta J, Helmreich B, Pribyl M, Adamietz E, Wilderer PA (1994) Advanced biological treatment of papermill wastewaters; effects of operating conditions on COD removal and production of soluble organic compounds in activated sludge systems. Water Sci Technol 30(3):199–207

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Freire RS, Kunz A, Duran N (2000) Some chemical and toxicological aspects about paper mill effluent treatment with ozone. Environ Technol 21:717–721

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fujita K, Kondo R, Sakai K, Kashino Y, Nishida T, Takahara Y (1991) Biobleaching of Kraft pulp using white-rot fungus IZU-154. Tappi J 74(11):123–127

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fukuzumi T (1980) Microbial decolourization and defoaming of pulping waste liquor. In: Kirk TK, Chang HM, Higuchi T (eds) Lignin biodegradation: microbiology, chemistry and potential applications, 2nd edn. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 161–171

    Google Scholar 

  • Fukuzumi T, Nishida A, Aoshima K, Minami K (1977) Decolourization of Kraft waste liquor with white-rot fungi-I: Screening of the fungi and culturing condition for decolourization of Kraft waste liquor. Mokuzai Gakkaishi 23(6):290–298

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fulthorpe RR, Allen DG (1995) A comparison of organochlorine removal from bleached Kraft pulp and paper mill effluents by dehalogenating Pseudomonas, Ancylobacter and Methylobacterium strains. Appl Microbiol Biotechonol 42:782–789

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Galeno G, Agasin E (1990) Screening of white-rot fungi for efficient decolourization of bleach pulp effluents. Biotechnol Lett 12(11):869–872

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ganjidoust H, Tatsumi K, Yamagishi T, Gohlian R (1996) Effect of synthetic and natural coagulant on lignin removal from pulp and paper wastewater. In: Proceedings of 5th IAWQ symposium for industrial wastewaters, Vancouver, Canada, p 305

    Google Scholar 

  • Ganjidoust H, Tatsumi K, Yamagishi T, Gholian RN (1997) Effect of synthetic and natural coagulant on lignin removal from pulp and paper waste water. Water Sci Technol 35(2–3):291–296

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gergov M, Priha M, Talka E, Valtilla O, Kangas A, Kukkonen K (1988) Chlorinated organic compounds in effluent treatment at Kraft mills. Tappi J 71(12):175–184

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ghoreishi SM, Haghighi MR (2007) Chromophores removal in pulp and paper mill effluent via hydrogenation-biological batch reactors. Chem Eng J 127(1–3):59–70

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gokcay CF, Taseli BK (1997) Biological treatability of pulping effluents by using a Penicillium sp. Fresenus Envir Bull 6:220–226

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goronzy M, Demoulin G, Jager A, Srebotnik E, Messener K (1996) The use of the cyclic activated treatment technology for wastewater treatment in the pulp and paper industry. In: Proceedings 6th international conference biotechnology in pulp and paper industry, pp 239–245

    Google Scholar 

  • Graves JW, Joyce TW, Jameel H (1993) Effect of chlorine dioxide substitution, oxygen delignification and biological treatment on bleach plant effluent. Tappi J 76(7):153–159

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guo HY, Chang HM, Joyce TW, Glasser JH (1990) Degradation of chlorinated phenols and guaiacols by the white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium. In: Kirk TK, Chang HM (eds) Biotechnology in pulp and paper manufacture. Butterworth-Heinemman, Stoneham, pp 223–230

    Google Scholar 

  • Habets LHA, de Vegt AL (1991) Anaerobic treatment of bleached TMP and CTMP effluent in Biopaq UASB system. Wat Sci Tech 24:331–345

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Habets LHA, Tielboard MH, Ferguson AMD, Prong CF, Chmelauskas AJ (1985) Onsite high rate UASB anaerobic demonstration plant treatment of NSSC waste water. Wat Sci Technol 20:87–97

    Google Scholar 

  • Haggblom M, Salkinoja-Salonen M (1991) Biodegradability of chlorinated organic compounds in pulp bleaching effluents. Water Sci Technol (GB) 24(3/4):161–170

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hakulinen R (1982) The Enso-Fenox process for the treatment of Kraft pulp bleaching effluent and other waste waters of the forest industry. Paperi Ja Puu-Paper Och Tra 5:341–354

    Google Scholar 

  • Hakulinen R (1988) The use of enzymes in the waste water treatment of pulp and paper industry-a new possibility. Water Sci Tech 20(1):251–262

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hall ER, Robson RD, Prong CF, Chmelauskas AJ (1986) Evaluation of anaerobic treatment for NSSC wastewater. In: Proceedings of the Tappi environmental conference, Atlanta, GA, pp 207–217

    Google Scholar 

  • Hammel KE, Tardone PJ (1988) The oxidative 4-Dechlorination of polychlorinated phenols is catalyzed by extracellular fungal lignin peroxidases. Biochemistry 27:6563–6568

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hansen E, Zadura L, Frankowski S, Wachowicz M (1999) Upgrading of an activated sludge plant with floating biofilm carriers at Frantschach Swiecie S.A. to meet the new demands of year 2000. Water Sci Technol 40(11–12):207–214

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hirvonen A, Tuhkanen T, Kalliokoski P (1996) Formation of chlorinated acetic acids during UV/H202-oxidation of ground water contaminated with chlorinated ethylenes. Water Sci Technol 32:1091–1102

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hostachy J, Lachenal D, Coste, G (1996) Ozonation of pulping bleaching effluents to reduce polluting charge. In: Proceedings of the Tappi international environmental conference, Orlando, Fla, pp 817–822

    Google Scholar 

  • Huynh VB, Chang HM, Joyce TW, Kirk TK (1985) Dechlorination of chloroorganics by white-rot fungus. Tappi J 68(7):98–102

    Google Scholar 

  • Jaklin-Farcher S, Szeker E, Stifter U, Messner K (1992) Scale up of the MYCOPOR reactor. In: Kuwahara M, Shimada M (eds) Biotechnology in pulp and paper industry. Tokyo, Japan, pp 81–85

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson T, Chatterjee A (1995) Activated sludge and surface aerators treat combined CTMP and Kraft effluent. Pulp Pap Can 96(8):26–29

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jokela JK, Laine M, EK M, Salkinoja-Salonen M (1993) Effect of biological treatment on halogenated organics in bleached Kraft pulp mill effluents studied by molecular weight distribution analysis. Environ Sci Technol 27(3):547–552

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jonsson AS, Jonsson C, Teppler M, Tomani P, Wannstrom S (1996) Treatments of paper coating colour effluents by membrane filtration. Desalination 105:263–276

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Joyce TW, Pellinen J (1990) White rot fungi for the treatment of pulp and paper industry waste water. In: Tappi environmental conference, Seattle, 9–11 Apr 1990

    Google Scholar 

  • Junna J, Ruonala S (1991) Trends and guidelines in water pollution control in the Finnish pulp and paper industry. Tappi J 74(7):105–111

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jurgensen SJ, Benjamin MM, Ferguson JF (1985) Treatability of thermomechanical pulping process effluents with anaerobic biological reactor. In: Proceedings Tappi environmental conference. Tappi Press, Atlanta, pp 83–92

    Google Scholar 

  • Kamwilaisak K, Wright PC (2012) Investigating laccase and titanium dioxide for lignin degradation. Energy Fuels 26:2400–2406

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kang CH, On HK, Won CH (1996) Studies on the treatment of paper mill wastewater by Phanerochaete chrysosporium. In: Srebotnik E, Messener K (eds) Biotechnology in pulp and paper industry. Facultas-Universitatsverlag, Vienna, pp 263–266

    Google Scholar 

  • Kannan K (1990) Decolourization of pulp and paper mill effluent by Aspergillus niger. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 6(2):114–116

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Karimi S, Abdulkhani A, Karimi A, Ghazali AB, Ahmadun FR (2010) The effect of combination enzymatic and advanced oxidation process treatments on the colour of pulp and paper mill effluent. Environ Technol 31(4):347–356

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kennedy KJ, Graham B, Droste RL, Fernandes L, Narbaitz R (2000) Microtox and Ceriodaphnia dubia toxicity of BKME with powdered activated carbon treatment. Water SA 26(2):205–216

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Klibanev AM, Morris ED (1981) Horseradish peroxidase for the removal of carcinogenic aromatic amines from water. Enz Microb Technol 3:119–122

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Knudsen L, Pedersen JA, Munck J (1994) Advanced treatment of paper mill effluents by a two-stage activated sludge process. Water Sci Technol 30(3):173–181

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Korhonen S, Tuhkanen T (2000) Effects of ozone on resin acids in thermomechanical pulp and paper mill circulation waters. Ozone: Sci Eng 22(6):575–584

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kortekaas S, Wijngaarde RR, Klomp JW, Lettinga G, Field JA (1998) Anaerobic treatment of hemp thermomechanical pulping wastewater. Wat Res 32(11):3362–3370

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lachenal D, Joncourt MJ, Froment P, Suty H (1996) Reduction of formation of AOX during chlorine dioxide bleaching. In: Proceedings of the international pulp bleaching conference, Washington, USA, pp 417–420

    Google Scholar 

  • Lafond RA, Ferguson JF (1991) Anaerobic and aerobic biological treatment processes for removal of chlorinated organics from Kraft bleaching wastes. In: Proceedings of the Tappi environmental conference. Tappi press, Atlanta, GA, USA, pp 797–812

    Google Scholar 

  • Lankinen VP, Inkeroinen MM, Pellinen J, Hatakka Al (1991) The onset of lignin modifying enzymes; decrease of AOX and colour removal by white rot fungi grown on bleach plant effluents. Wat Sci Tech 24(3/4):189–198

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leach JM, Mueller JC, Walden CC (1978) Biological detoxication of pulp mill effluents. Process Biochem 13(1):18–26

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee SH, Kondo R, Sakai K (1994) Treatment of Kraft bleaching effluents by lignin degrading fungi-III: treatment by newly found fungus KS-62 without additional nutrients. Mokuzai Gakkaishi 40(6):612–619

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee SH, Kondo R, Sakai K, Sonomoto K (1995) Treatment of Kraft bleaching effluents by lignin-degrading fungi V: successive treatments with immobilized mycelium of the fungus KS-62. Mokuzai Gakkaishi 41(1):63–68

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leponiemi A (2008) Non-wood pulping possibilities-a challenge for the chemical pulping industry. Appita J 61(3):234–243

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lettinga G, Field JA, Sierra-Alvarez R, Vanlier JB, Rintala J (1990) Future perspective for the anaerobic treatment of forest industry wastewaters. Wat Sci Tech 24:91–102

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lindstrom K, Mohamed M (1988) Selective removal of chlorinated organics from Kraft mill effluents in aerated lagoons. Nordic Pulp Paper Res J 3:26–33

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu HW, Lo SN, Lavallee HC (1996) Mechanisms of removing resin and fatty acids in CTMP effluent during aerobic biological treatment. Tappi J 79(5):145–154

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu HW, Liss SN, Allen D (1997) Influence of anoxic conditioning of sludge on enhanced AOX removal in aerobic biological treatment systems. Wat Sci Tech 35(2):77–82

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Livernoche D, Jurasek L, Desrochers M, Dorica J, Veliky IA (1983) Removal of colour from Kraft mill waste waters with cultures of white-rot fungi and immobilised mycelium of Coriolous versicolour. Biotech Bioeng 25:2055–2065

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lunan WE, Harden C, Krupa K (1995) Pilot trials of trickling filter for treatment of waste water from a newsprint mill. In: Proceedings of the Tappi environmental conference, Atlanta, GA, USA, pp 241–247

    Google Scholar 

  • Lyr VH (1963) Enzymic detoxification of chlorinated phenols. Phytopathol 47:73–83

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • MacLean B, de Vegt A, Droste RL (1990) Role of resin acids in the anaerobic toxicity of Chemithermomechanical pulp waste water. Wat Res 24:1401–1405

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Magnus E, Carlberg GE, Norske HH (2000a) TMP wastewater treatment including a biological high-efficiency compact reactor. Nord Pulp Pap Res J 15(1):29–36

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Magnus E, Carlberg GE, Norske HH (2000b) TMP wastewater treatment including a biological high-efficiency compact reactor. Nord Pulp Pap Res J 5(1):37–45

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Magnus E, Hoel H, Carlberg GE (2000c) Treatment of an NSSC effluent in a biological high-efficiency compact reactor. Tappi J 83(1):149–156

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Malaviya P, Rathore VS (2007) Bioremediation of pulp and paper mill effluent by a novel fungal consortium isolated from polluted soil. Bioresour Technol 98(18):3647–3651

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mapple GE, Ambady R, Caron JR, Stralton SC, Vega Canovas RE (1994a) BFR™: a new process towards bleach plant closure. Tappi J 77(11):71–80

    Google Scholar 

  • Mapple GE, Ambady R, Caron JR, Stralton SC, Vega Canovas RE (1994b) BFR: a new process towards bleach plant closure. In: Proceedings of international pulp bleaching conference. Atlanta, Ga, pp 253–258

    Google Scholar 

  • Mathys RG, Branion RMR, Lo KV (1993) CTMP waste water treatment using rotating biological contactor. In: Proceedings of the 79th CPPA annual proceedings, pp 370–374

    Google Scholar 

  • Mathys RG, Branion RMR, Lo KV, Anderson KB, Leyen P, Louie D (1997) CTMP waste water treatment using rotating biological contactor. Wat Qual Res J Can 32:771–774

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Matsumoto Y, Yin CF, Chang HM, Joyce TW, Kirk TK (1985) Degradation of chlorinated lignin and chlorinated organics by a white rot fungus. In: Proceedings of 3rd ISWPC, Vancouver, pp 45–53

    Google Scholar 

  • McCarthy PJ, Kennedy KJ, Droste RL (1990) Role of resin acids in the anaerobic toxicity of chemithermomechanical pulp wastewater. Wat Res 24:1401–1405

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McCubbin N (1983) The basic technology of the pulp and paper industry and its environment protection practices. Report EPS 6-EP-83-1, Environment Canada, Ottawa

    Google Scholar 

  • McDonough TJ (1995) Recent advances in bleached chemical pulp manufacturing technology Part 1. Tappi J 78(3):55–62

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McLeay DJ (1987) Aquatic toxicity of pulp paper mill effluent: a review. Environment Canada Report EPS 4/PF/1 Beauregard Press Ltd, Ottawa Ontario, Canada

    Google Scholar 

  • Mehna A, Bajpai P, Bajpai PK (1995) Studies on decolourization of effluent from a small pulp mill utilizing agriresidues with Trametes versicolour. Enz Microb Technol 17(1):18–22

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Melcer H, Steel P, Mckinley A, Cook CR (1995) The removal of toxic contaminants from bleached Kraft mill waste water with enhanced activated sludge treatment. In: Proceedings of Tappi international environmental conference, pp 795–807

    Google Scholar 

  • Merrill DT, Maltby CV, Kahmark K, Gerhardt M, Melecer H (2001) Evaluating treatment process to reduce metals concentrations in pulp and paper mill wastewaters to extremely low values. Tappi J 84(4):52

    Google Scholar 

  • Messner K, Ertler G, Jaklin-Farcher S, Boskovsky P, Regensperger V, Blaha A (1990) Treatment of bleach plant effluents by Mycor system. In: Kirk TK, Chang HM (eds) Biotechnology in pulp and paper manufacture. Butterworth-Heinemann, Newton, pp 245–251

    Google Scholar 

  • Milet GM, Duff SJB (1998) Treatment of Kraft condensates in a feedback controlled sequencing batch reactor. Water Sci Technol 38(4–5):263–271

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Milstein O, Haars A, Majcherczyk A, Trojanowski J, Tautz D, Zanker H, Huttermann A (1988) Removal of chlorophenols and chlorolignins from bleaching effluents by combined chemical and biological treatment. Wat Sci Tech 20(1):161–170

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Milstein O, Hwars A, Krause F, Huettermann xx (1991) Decrease of pollutant level of bleaching effluents and winning valuable products by successive flocculation and microbial growth. Wat Sci Technol 24(3/4):199–206

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mishra M, Thakur IS (2010) Isolation and characterization of alkalotolerant bacteria and optimization of process parameters for decolourization and detoxification of pulp and paper mill effluent by Taguchi approach. Biodegradation 21(6):967–978

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mittar D, Khanna PK, Marwaha SS, Kennedy JF (1992) Biobleaching of pulp and paper mill effluents by Phanerochaete chrysosporium. J Chem Technol Biotechnol 53:81–92

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mohamed M, Matayun M, Lim TS (1989) Chlorinated organics in tropical hardwood Kraft pulp and paper mill effluents and their elimination in an activated sludge treatment system. Pertanika 2(3):387–394

    Google Scholar 

  • Monje PG, González-García S, Moldes D, Vidal T, Romero J, Moreira MT, Feijoo G (2010) Biodegradability of Kraft mill TCF biobleaching effluents: application of enzymatic laccase-mediator system. Water Res 44(7):2211–2220

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mortha G, Mckay LR, Cadel F, Rouger J (1991) AOX reduction in an activated sludge treatment of Kraft bleaching effluent. 6th ISWPC, pp 1–2

    Google Scholar 

  • Murthy BSA, Sihorwala TA, Tilwankar HV, Killedar DJ (1991) Removal of colour from pulp and paper mill effluents by sorption technique: a case study. Indian J Environ Prot 11(5):360

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Muurinen E (2000) Organosolv pulping: a review and distillation study related to peroxyacid pulping. Department of Process Engineering, University of Oulu, FIN-90014 University of Oulu, Finland, p 314

    Google Scholar 

  • Nagarathnamma R, Bajpai P, Bajpai PK (1999a) Studies on decolourization, degradation and detoxification of chlorinated lignin compounds in Kraft bleaching effluents by Ceriporiopsis subvermispora. Process Biochem 34:939–948

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nagarathnamma R, Bajpai P, Bajpai PK (1999b) Decolourization of extraction stage effluent from chlorine bleaching of Kraft pulp by Rhizopus oryzae. Appl Environ Microbiol 65(3):1078–1082

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nancy SJ, Norman JC, Vandenbusch MB (1996) Removing colour and chlorinated organics from pulp mill bleach plant effluents by use of fly ash. Conserv Recycl 10(4):279–299

    Google Scholar 

  • Narbaitz RM, Droste RL, Fernandes L, Kennedy KJ, Ball D (1997) PACT™ process for treatment of Kraft mill effluent. Water Sci Technol 35(2–3):283–290

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nishida T, Katagiri N, Tsutsumi Y (1995) New analysis of lignin-degrading enzymes related to biobleaching of Kraft pulp by white-rot fungi. In: 6th international conference on biotechnology in the pulp and paper industry, Vienna, Austria, 11–15 June 1995

    Google Scholar 

  • Oeller HJ, Daniel I, Weinberger G (1997) Reduction in residual COD in biologically treated paper mill effluents by means of combined Ozone and Ozone/UV reactor stages. Water Sci Technol 35(2–3):269–276

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Olofsson A (1996) Domsjo heats up Ornskoldsvik with biogas. Svensk Papperstidin 99(11):33–34

    Google Scholar 

  • Paice MG (1995) Activated sludge treatment of mechanical pulp mill effluents containing sulfite. In: Proceedings of CPPA environmental conference, pp 81–86

    Google Scholar 

  • Paice MG, Jurasek L (1984) Peroxidase catalyzed colour removal from bleach plant effluent. Biotechnol Bioeng 1984(26):477–480

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Paice M, Elloitt A, Young F, Dorica J (1996) Activated sludge treatment of mechanical pulp mill effluents containing sulfites. Pulp Pap Can 97(9):88–92

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pallerla S, Chambers RP (1995) Continuous decolourization and AOX reduction of bleach plant effluents by free and immobilized Trametes versicolour. J Env Sci Health A30(2):432–437

    Google Scholar 

  • Pallerla S, Chambers RP (1996) New urethane prepolymer immobilized fungal bioreactor for decolourization and dechlorination of Kraft bleach effluents. Tappi J 79(5):156–161

    Google Scholar 

  • Parker WJ, Eric R, Farguhar GJ (1993a) Assessment of design and operating parameters for high rate anaerobic fermentation of segregated Kraft mill bleach plant effluents. Wat Environ Res 65(3):264–270

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Parker WJ, Eric R, Farguhar GJ (1993b) Removal of chlorophenolics and toxicity during high rate anaerobic treatment of Kraft mill bleach plant effluents. Environ Sci Technol 27(9):1783–1789

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Parthasarthy VR, Rudie GF, Mendiratta SK, Cawifield DW, Bryan HP (1994) Gaseous chlorine dioxide delignification of softwood pulps for high brightness and ultra low AOX. In: Proceedings of pulping conference. San Diego, California, USA, pp 1031–1038

    Google Scholar 

  • Pejot F, Pelayo JM (1993) Colour and COD removals by ultrafiltration from paper mill effluents: semi industrial pilot test results. In: Proceedings of Tappi environmental conference. Atlanta, Ga, USA, pp 389–394

    Google Scholar 

  • Pellinen J, Joyce TW, Chang HM (1988a) Dechlorination of high molecular weight chlorolignin by white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Tappi J 71(9):191–194

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pellinen J, Yin CF, Joyce TW, Chang HM (1988b) Treatment of chlorine bleaching effluent using a white-rot fungus. J Biotechnol 8(1):67–76

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pendroza AM, Mosqueda R, Alonso-Vante N, Rodriguez-Vazquez R (2007) Sequential treatment via Trametes versicolour and UV/titanium dioxide/RuxSey to reduce contaminants in waste water resulting from the bleaching process during paper production. Chemosphere 67(4):793–801

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pereira ER, Colodette JL, Barna JM (1995) Peroxide bleaching in pressurised equipment: influence of temperature and consistency. Papel 56(12):61–67

    Google Scholar 

  • Pertulla M, Konrusdottin M, Pere J, Kristjansson JK, Viikari L (1991) Removal of acetate from NSSC sulphite pulp mill condensates using thermophilic bacteria. Wat Res 25:599–604

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pichon M, Rouger J, Junet E (1988) Anaerobic treatment of sulphur containing effluents. Wat Sci Technol 20:133–141

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pokhrel D, Viraraghavan T (2004) Treatment of pulp and paper mill wastewater: a review. Sci Total Environ 333(1–3):37–58

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Poppius-Levlin K, Mustonen R, Huovila T, Sundquist J (1991) Milox pulping with acetic-acid. Paperi ja Puu-Paper Timber 73(2):154–158

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Prasad DY, Joyce TW (1991) Colour removal from Kraft bleach plant effluents by Trichoderma sp. Tappi J 74(1):165–169

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Prouty AL (1990) Bench scale development and evaluation of a fungal bioreactor for colour removal from bleach effluents. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 32:490–493

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Raghukumar C, Chandramohan D, Michael FC Jr, Reddy CA (1996) Degradation of lignin and decolourization of paper mill bleach plant effluent by marine fungi. Biotech Lett 18(1):105–106

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Raghukumar C, D’Souza-Ticlo D, Verma AK (2008) Treatment of coloured effluents with lignin-degrading enzymes: an emerging role of marine-derived fungi. Crit Rev Microbiol 34:189–206

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Raghuveer S, Sastry CA (1991) Biological treatment of pulp mill wastewater mand study of biokinetic constants. Indian J Environ Prot 11(8):614–621

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ragunathan R, Swaminathan K (2004) Biological treatment of a pulp and paper industry effluent by Pleurotus spp. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 20(4):389–393

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rai A, Krishna Reddy MM, Chandra R (2007) Decolourisation and treatment of pulp and paper mill effluent by lignin-degrading Bacillus sp. J Chem Technol Biotechnol 82(4):399–406

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Raizer-Neto E, Pichon M, Beniamin MM (1991) Decreasing chlorinated organics in bleaching effluents in an anaerobic fixed bed reactor. In: Kirk TK, Chang HM (eds) Biotechnology in pulp and paper manufacture. Butterworth-Heinmann, Stoneham, pp 271–278

    Google Scholar 

  • Ramaswammy V (1987) Biotechnology application in waste utilization and pollution abatement IPPTA convention issue. Indian Pulp and Paper Association, Saharanpur India

    Google Scholar 

  • Reid ID, Bourbolnnais R, Paice MG (2010) Biopulping and biobleaching. In: Heitner C, Dimmel DR, Schmidt JA (eds) Lignin and lignans: advances in chemistry, Chap 15, pp 521–554

    Google Scholar 

  • Reid TK, Simon A (2000) Feasibility study of sequencing batch reactor technology treating high strength foul condensate for methanol reduction. In: Tappi international environmental conference and exhibit, vol 1, pp 185–91, Denver, CO

    Google Scholar 

  • Rempel W, Turk O, Sikes JEG (1990) Side by side activated sludge pilot plant investigations focussing on organochlorines. CPPA Spring Conference Jasper, Alberta

    Google Scholar 

  • Richardson DA, Andras E, Kennedy KJ (1991) Anaerobic toxicity of fines in Chemithermomechanical pulp wastewaters: a batch assay-reactor study comparison. Wat Sci Tech 24:103–112

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rintala J, Lepisto S (1992) Anaerobic treatment of thermomechanical pulping wastewater at 35–70° C. Wat Res 26:1297–1305

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rintala J, Vuoriranta P (1988) Anaerobic-aerobic treatment of pulping effluents. Tappi J 71:201–207

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rinzema A, Lettinga G (1988) Anaerobic treatment of sulfate containing wastewater. Biotreatment Syst 3:65–109

    Google Scholar 

  • Rogers IH, Davis JC, Kruzynski GM, Mahood HW, Servizi JA, Gordon JW (1975) Fish toxicants in Kraft effluents. Tappi J 58(7):136–140

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rohella RS, Choudhury S, Manthan M, Murthy JS (2001) Removal of colour and turbidity in pulp and paper mill effluents using polyelectrolytes. Indian J Environ Health 43(4):159–163

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roy-Arcand L, Archibald FS (1991a) Direct dechlorination of chlorophenolic compounds by laccases from Trametes (Coriolus) versicolour. Enzyme Microb Technol 13(3):194–203

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roy-Arcand L, Archibald FS (1991b) Comparison and combination of ozone and fungal treatments of a Kraft bleaching effluents. Tappi J 74(9):211–218

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Royer G, Desrochers M, Jurasek L, Rouleau D, Mayer RC (1985) Batch and continuous decolourization of bleached Kraft effluents by white-rot fungus. J Chem Technol Biotechnol 35B:14–22

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Royer G, Livernoche D, Desrochers M, Jurasek L, Rouleau D, Mayer RC (1983) Decolourization of Kraft mill effluent: kinetics of a continuous process using immobilized Coriolus versicolour. Biotech Lett 5:321–326

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Royer G, Yerushalmi L, Rouleau D, Desrochers M (1991) Continuous decolourization of bleached Kraft effluents by Coriolus versicolour in the form of pellets. J Indl Microbiol 7:269–278

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ruggiero P, Sarkar JM, Bollag JM (1989) Detoxification of 2,4-dichlorophenol by a laccase immobilized on soil or clay. Soil Sci 147:361–370

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Salkinoja–Salonen M (1990) Biodegradability and ecological considerations of organochlorine from bleached Kraft pulp mill effluent. In: 6th Colloquium on pulp and paper mill effluents, Toranto

    Google Scholar 

  • Sarner E (1988) Anaerobic treatment of a mixture of condensate and caustic extraction liquor from dissolving pulp mill. Wat Sci Tech 20(1):279–281

    Google Scholar 

  • Saunamaki R (1989) Biological waste water treatment in the Finnish pulp and paper industry. Pap Puu 2:158–164

    Google Scholar 

  • Saunamaki R, Jokinen K, Jarvinen R, Savolainen M (1991) Factors affecting the removal and discharge of organic chlorine compound at activated sludge treatment plants. Wat Sci Technol 24(3/4):295–308

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schnell A, Steel P, Melcer H, Hodson PV, Carey JH (2000) Enhanced biological treatment of bleached Kraft mill effluents: I. Removal of chlorinated organic compounds and toxicity. Water Res 34(2):493–500

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Selvam K, Swaminathan K, Song MH, Chae KS (2002) Biological treatment of a pulp and paper industry effluent by Fomes lividus and Trametes versicolour. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 18(6):523–526

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shawwa AR, Smith DW, Sego DC (2001) Color and chlorinated organics removal from pulp wastewater using activated petroleum coke. Water Res 35(3):745–749

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sheela V, Distidar MG (1989) Treatment of black liquor wastes from small paper mills. Indian J Environ Prot 9(9):661–666

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shere SM, Daly PG (1982) High rate biological treatment of TMP effluent. Pulp Pap Can 83:61–66

    Google Scholar 

  • Shintani N, Sugano Y, Shoda M (2002) Decolourization of Kraft pulp bleaching effluent by a newly isolated fungus, Geotrichum candidum Dec 1. J Wood Sci 48(5):402–408

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sierra-Alvarez R, Lettinga G (1990) The methanogenic toxicity of wood resin constituents. Biol Wastes 33:211–226

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sierra-Alvarez R, Lettinga G (1991) The methanogenic toxicity of wastewater lignins and lignin related compounds. J Chem Technol Biotechnol 50:443–455

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sierra-Alvarez R, Kortekaas S, vanEckort M, Harbrecht J, Lettinga G (1991) The anaerobic biodegradability and methanogenic toxicity of pulping wastewaters. Wat Sci Tech 24:113–125

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singh P (2007) Sequential anaerobic and aerobic treatment of pulp and paper mill effluent in pilot scale bioreactor. J Environ Biol 28(1):77–82

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singh P, Thakur IS (2006) Colour removal of anaerobically treated pulp and paper mill effluent by microorganisms in two steps bioreactor. Bioresour Technol 97(2):218–223

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singhal A, Thakur J (2009) Decolourization and detoxification of pulp and paper mill effluent by Emericella nidulans var nidulans. Hazard Mater 171(1–3):619–625

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singhal V, Kumar A, Rai JP (2005) Bioremediation of pulp and paper mill effluent with Phanerochaete chrysosporium. J Environ Biol 26(3):525–529

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smith JE, Frailey MM (1990) On site evaluation of a teflon based UV light system and hydrogen peroxide for degradation of colour and chlorinated organics in pine from Kraft mill bleach plant effluent. In: Proceedings of Tappi environmental conference, pp 101–110

    Google Scholar 

  • Smook GA (1992) Handbook for pulp and paper technologists, 2nd edn. Angus Wilde Publications, Vancouver 419 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Sorce Inc. (2003) Fungal/bacterium sequencing program for lignin degradation and colour removal from wastewater at a southeastern Kraft pulp mill. Personal communication with Mike Bowling

    Google Scholar 

  • Springer AM, Hand VC, Jarvis TS (1994) Electrochemical removal of colour and toxicity from bleached Kraft effluent. In: Proceedings of Tappi international environmental conference, pp 271–279

    Google Scholar 

  • Stephenson R, Duff S (1996) Coagulation and precipitation of mechanical pulping effluents-I: removal of carbon, colour and turbidity. Wat Res 30(4):781–792

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stuthridge TR, Mcfarlane PN (1994) Adsorbable organic halide removal mechanisms in a pulp and paper mill aerated lagoon treatment system. Water Sci Technol 29(5–6):195–208

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stuthridge TR, Campin DN, Langdon AG, Mackie KL, Mcfarlange PN, Wikins AL (1991) Treatability of bleached Kraft pulp and paper mill wastewaters in a New Zealand aerated lagoon treatment system. Water Sci Technol 24(3/4):309–317

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sullivan EC (1986) The use of advanced treatment methods for removal of color and dissolved solids from pulp and paper wastewater-Master’s thesis. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

    Google Scholar 

  • Sun YB, Guo HY, Joyce TW, Chang HM (1992) A study on the reduction of chlorinated organics in bleach plant effluent by oxidation with oxygen. J Pulp Paper Sci 18(2):J49–J55

    Google Scholar 

  • Sundman G, Kirk TK, Chang HM (1981) Fungal decolourization of Kraft bleach plant effluent: fate of the chromopheric material. Tappi J 64(9):145–148

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tiku DK, Kumar A, Chaturvedi R, Makhijani SD, Manoharan A, Kumar R (2010) Holistic bioremediation of pulp mill effluents using autochthonous bacteria. Int Biodeterior Biodegradation 64(3):173–183

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tomar P, Allen DG (1991) Removal of organochlorines from Kraft mill effluents by an aerated lagoon. Water Poll Res J Can 26(1):101–104

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tong Z, Wada S, Takao Y, Yamagishi T, Hiroyasu I, Tamatsu K (1999) Treatment of bleaching wastewater from pulp-paper plants in China using enzymes and coagulants. J Environ Sci 11(4):480–484

    Google Scholar 

  • Tono T, Tani Y, Ono KJ (1968) Microbial treatment of agricultural industrial waste. Part 1: Adsorptions of lignins and clarification of lignin containing liquor by mold. Ferment Technol 46:569–574

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Toor A, Singh V, Jotshi CK, Bajpai PK, Verma A (2007) Treatment of bleaching effluent from the pulp and paper industry by photo-catalytic oxidation. Tappi J 6(6):9–13

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Torrades F, Peral J, Pérez M, Domènech X, Garcia Hortal JA, Riva MC (2001) Removal of organic contaminants in bleached Kraft effluents using heterogeneous photocatalysis and ozone. Tappi J 84(6):1–10

    Google Scholar 

  • Turk S (1988) Option for treatment of CTMP effluents. Report WTC Bio-7-1988. Environment Canada, Ottawa

    Google Scholar 

  • Valenzuela J, Bumann U, Cespedes R, Padilla L, Gonzalez B (1997) Degradation of chlorophenols by Alcaligenes eutrophus TMP 134 (p JP4) in bleached Kraft mill effluent. Appl Environ Microbiol 63(1):227–232

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • van Driessel B, Christov L (2001) Decolourization of bleach plant effluent by Mucoralean and white-rot fungi in a rotating biological contactor reactor. J Biosci Bioeng 92(3):271–276

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Viikari L, Suurnakki A, Gronqvist S, Raaska L, Ragauskas A (2009) Forest products: biotechnology in pulp and paper processing encyclopedia of microbiology, 3rd edn. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 80–94

    Google Scholar 

  • Voss RH (1983) Chlorinated neutral organics in biologically treated bleached Kraft mill effluents. Env Sci Tech 17(9):530–537

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wagner M, Nicell JA (2001) Treatment of a foul condensate from Kraft pulping with horseradish peroxidase and hydrogen peroxide. Water Sci Technol 35(2):485–495

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang I-C, Pan T-T (1999) Interference of some papermaking chemical additives in the coagulation of wastewater. Taiwan J For Sci 14(4):367–384

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Welander T, Anderson PE (1985) Anaerobic treatment of wastewater from the production of chemithermomechanical pulp. Wat Sci Tech 17:103–107

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Welander T, Lofqvist A, Selmer A (1997) Upgrading aerated lagoons at pulp and paper mills. Water Sci Technol 35(2–3):117–122

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson DG, Holloran MF (1992) Decrease of AOX with various external effluent treatments. Pulp Paper Can 93(12):T372–T378

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilson RW, Murphy KL, Frenelte EG (1987) Aerobic and anaerobic pretreatment of NSSC and CTMP effluent. Pulp Pap Can 88:T4–T8

    Google Scholar 

  • Wu J, Xiao Y-Z, Yu H-Q (2005) Degradation of lignin in pulp mill wastewaters by white rot fungi on biofilm. Bioresour Technol 96:1357–1363

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xu M, Wang Q, Hao Y (2007) Removal of organic carbon from wastepaper pulp effluent by lab-scale photo-Fenton process. J Hazard Mater 148(1–2):103–109

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yao WY, Kennedy KJ, Tamchung MH, John D (1994) Pre-treatment of Kraft pulp bleach plant effluents by selected UF membranes. Can J Chem Eng 72(6):991–999

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yeber MC, Rodriquez J, Freer J, Baeza J, Duran N, Mansilla HD (1999) Advanced oxidation of a pulp mill bleaching wastewater. Chemosphere 39(10):1679–1688

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yin CF (1989) Characterization, bacterial and fungal degradation, dechlorination and decolourization of chlorolignins in bleaching effluents. PhD Thesis, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC

    Google Scholar 

  • Yin CF, Joyce TW, Chang HM (1989) Kinetics of bleach plant effluent decolourization by Phanerochaete chrysosporium. J Biotechnol 10:67–76

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yin CF, Joyce TW, Chang HM (1990) Dechlorination of conventional softwood bleaching effluent by sequential biological treatment. In: Kirk TK, Chang HM (eds) Biotechnology in pulp and paper manufacture, Butterworth-Heinemann, Newton, Mass, pp 231–234

    Google Scholar 

  • Young RA, Akhtar M (ed) (1998) Environmentally friendly technologies for the pulp and paper industry. Wiley, New York, ISBN 0-471-15770-8

    Google Scholar 

  • Yu P, Welander T (1988) Anaerobic toxicity of Kraft bleach effluent. In: Tilche A, Rozzi A (eds) Proceedings of 5th international symposium on anaerobic digestion bologna, Itlay, pp 865–867

    Google Scholar 

  • Zheng Y, Allen DG (1997) Effect of prehydrolysis of D-stage filtrate on the biotreatability of chlorinated organic compounds in bleached Kraft effluent. Water Res 31:1595–1600

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Pratima Bajpai .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2013 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Bajpai, P. (2013). Strategies Used for Reducing the Generation of Pollutants. In: Bleach Plant Effluents from the Pulp and Paper Industry. SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology. Springer, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-00545-4_5

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics