Skip to main content

Ganga – Our Endangered Heritage

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

Abstract

Ganga, the Holy river of India, provides life sustaining succor for environment and ecology. It has a historical bondage with our civilization. But the river water which was famous for its self-purifying capacity is now highly polluted due to discharge of untreated municipal and industrial waste waters and effluents directly into the Ganga and Yamuna. The problem is compounded by its depleted flow due to diversions caused by construction of dams and barrages. Deforestation in its catchment, sand mining and stone quarrying in its river bed and bank are doing enormous harm to its environment and ecology. Ganga is now rated as one of the ten most endangered rivers of the world. Climate change and global warming syndrome is also likely to add to the crisis. The restoration of the river to its original pristine quality needs concerted actions from all sections of the society and administration. The article gives an overview of the state of the Ganga and possible measures to restore its quality and flow.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Central Board For the Prevention and Control of Water Pollution (1984) The Ganga Basin, Part II. In: Dasgupta SP (ed) Centre for Study of Man and Environment, Department of Environment, Government of India. New Delhi, p 202

    Google Scholar 

  2. Rao KL (1979) Water wealth of India. Orient Longman Ltd., New Delhi, p 166

    Google Scholar 

  3. CWC (2010) Water and Related Statistics. Central Water Commission. http://www.cwc.nil.in/ISO_DATA_Bank/W&Relatedstatistics_2010/pdf

  4. Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) (2009) Ganga water quality trend. Ministry of Environment and Forests, New Delhi, p 63

    Google Scholar 

  5. Subramanian V (1979) Chemical and suspended sediment characteristics of rivers in India. J Hydrol 44:37–55

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Bandyopadhyay J (2011) Prayers for a little. Down To Earth, 16–31 Aug 2011, p 26

    Google Scholar 

  7. Seth BL (2011) Prayers for a little. Down To Earth, 16–31 Aug, pp 24–26

    Google Scholar 

  8. Richter B, Baumgartner J, Powell J, Braun D (1996) A method for assessing hydrologic alteration within ecosystems. Conserv Biol 10(4):1163–1174

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Katz D (2006) Going with the flow: preserving and restoring in stream water allocations. In: Gleick P (ed) The world’s water. Island Press, Washington, DC, pp 29–45

    Google Scholar 

  10. Bhambri R, Tobias B, Chaujar RK (2012) Frontal recession of Gangotri Glacier, Garhwal Himalayas, from 1965 to 2006, measured through high resolution remote sensing data. Curr Sci 102(3):489–493, 10 February 2012

    Google Scholar 

  11. Shripad D (2008) Mountains of concrete. International rivers, 2008, p 32 (In: There is little hope. A civil society view. Himanshu Thakkar 2009)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Thakkar H (2009) India’s National Action Plan on Climate Change: a civil society view etc. South Asia Network on Dams, Rivers & People, New Delhi, p 56

    Google Scholar 

  13. Moore E (2012) Ganga basin temperature to rise by 1-2°C by 2050. Down To Earth, 16–30 June, p 560

    Google Scholar 

  14. Bhargava DS, Agarwal GD (1977) Use of integrated quality indices in water pollution control. J Inst Public Health Eng 74:95

    Google Scholar 

  15. Bhargava DS (1982) Purifying power of Ganga unmatched. IST Bull 34–35. In: Ghosh NC, Sharma CB (eds) Pollution of Ganga, Ashish Publishing House, p 36

    Google Scholar 

  16. Sharma CB, Sinha SN, Ghosh NC (1982) Pollutions study of river Ganges at Patna. In: Proceedings of All India seminar on environmental engineering. Pollution control and water conservation, Patna, Institute of Engineering, India, pp 111–117

    Google Scholar 

  17. Sharma CB, Ghosh NC (1987) Pollution of the river Ganga by municipal waste: a case study from Patna. J Geol Soc India 30:369–385

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Sarin MM, Krishnaswamy S (1984) Major ion chemistry of Ganga-Brahmaputra river system, India. Nature 312(5994):538–541

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Ghose NC, Sharma CB (1989) Pollution of Ganga. Ashish Publishing House, New Delhi, p 38, 39, 42, 141

    Google Scholar 

  20. Das S (2011) Cleaning of the Ganga. J Geol Soc India 78(2):124–130

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Pahwa DV, Mehrotra SN (1966) Observations on fluctuations in the abundance of planktonin relation to certain hydrobiological conditions of river Ganges. Proc Natl Acad Sci India 36 B(92):157–189

    Google Scholar 

  22. Saxena KL, Chakravarty AK, Khan AQ, Chattopadhyay RN, Chandra H (1966) Pollution studies of the River Ganges near Kanpur. Indian J Environ Health 8:270

    Google Scholar 

  23. Jayaraman S (1977) A study of water-mineral equilibria in the river Ganges. Unpublished M.Phil. thesis, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi

    Google Scholar 

  24. Nath AJ (1985) Hooghly: Bengal’s Sewer. Sunday, 24, p 29

    Google Scholar 

  25. Handa BK (1972) Geochemistry of the Ganga River water. Indian Geohydrol 8:72–78

    Google Scholar 

  26. CPCB (2010) Water quality data of river Ganga and Yamuna, 2010. Central Pollution Control Board (A-14011, dt. 14.01.2010). In: J Geol Soc India 78(2):126

    Google Scholar 

  27. Centre for Science and Environment (2007) Sewage canal: how to clean the Yamuna. Centre for Science and environment, New Delhi, p 178

    Google Scholar 

  28. Mathur PP (1965) Pollution studies of river Jamuna at Delhi. In: Proceedings of the Symposium on Water Pollution Conference, CPHERI, Nagpur

    Google Scholar 

  29. Srikantia SV (2011) Yamuna river at Noida, Uttar Pradesh – Polluted and foamy (Photograph). In: Subhajyoti Das: Cleaning of the Ganga. J Geol Soc India 78(2):127

    Google Scholar 

  30. Markandya A, Murty MN (2000) Cleaning up the Ganges. A cost benefit analysis of Ganga Action Plan. Oxford University Press, New Delhi, p 1, 222

    Google Scholar 

  31. Agarwal A, Chopra R, Shukla K (1982) The state of India’s environment. Centre for Science and Environment, New Delhi, p 189

    Google Scholar 

  32. Central Board for the Prevention and Control of Water Pollution (1982) The water: killer drink. Hindustan Times, 16th May. In: Ghosh NC, Sharma CB (eds) Pollution of Ganga, Ashish Publishing House, p 42

    Google Scholar 

  33. Mehrotra MN (1990) The role of sediments in environmental pollution. A case study of the Gangaat Varanasi. J Indian Assoc Sedimentologists 9:1–14

    Google Scholar 

  34. Mallikarjun Y (2003) Pollution levels in Ganga alarming. The Hindu, 15 Sept

    Google Scholar 

  35. Priyadarshi N (2009) Ganga river pollution in India – a brief report. American Chronicle, 8 July. http://www.americanchronicle.com/articles/view/109078

  36. Ajmal M, Khan MA, Nomani AA (1989) Levels of trace metals in waters and sediments of Yamuna river. On status and impact of heavy metal pollution in India, Madras. In: Ghosh NC, Sharma CB (eds) Pollution of Ganga, Ashish Publishing House, p 134

    Google Scholar 

  37. Bashir T (2010) Ganges river dolphin (Platanista gangetica) seeks help. Curr Sci 98(3):287–288, 10 February, 2010

    Google Scholar 

  38. Anon (2011) Dynamic ground water resources of India, Central Ground Water Board, Faridabad, p 69

    Google Scholar 

  39. Mishra VB (2005) The Ganga at Varanasi and a travail to stop her abuse. Curr Sci 89(5):755–763

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Singh R (2009) The Ganga – people’s mandate. Tarun Bharat Sangh, Bhikampura

    Google Scholar 

  41. UN-IAWG-WES (1998) Johad: Watershed in Alwar district, Rajasthan. UN Inter Agency Working Group on Water and Environmental Sanitation, Oct 1996, pp 1–24

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements 

The author places on record his deep sense of gratitude to Late Dr. B.P. Radhakrishna of Geological Society of India, for initiating him in the study with many valuable suggestions. Grateful thanks are also due to Dr. Rashmi Sanghi for her invitation to write the article and constant encouragement in this work. Lastly, the author also acknowledges the valuable support received from Dr.K. M. Najeeb, Regional Director, Central Ground Water Board and Shri Dwaipayan Das, Director (Engg), ARICENT, in this work.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Subhajyoti Das .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Das, S. (2014). Ganga – Our Endangered Heritage. In: Sanghi, R. (eds) Our National River Ganga. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-00530-0_2

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics