Skip to main content

Conclusions

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
  • 780 Accesses

Part of the book series: SpringerBriefs in Ethics ((BRIEFSETHIC))

Abstract

In the preceding chapters I have discussed a range of theoretical perspectives on medical ethics education. However this has not been offered as a singular ‘grand ‘theory’ of medical ethics education but, rather, it amounts to a number of overlapping and interlinked theoretical lenses that can be used to illuminate the subject from a number of directions. I have given shape to the topic through two chapters focused on the history of medical ethics education in the UK. In these I focused on how the development of medical ethics education relates to changes that were contemporaneously occurring within medical education itself. This included the (global) development of the reflective paradigm as a signature pedagogy of medical and professional education (Shulman 2005) as well as the introduction ‘outsiders’ (or ‘insider-outsiders’) to UK medical education. Just as these have became embedded within medical culture so has the practice of medical ethics. This has modulated the critical function of medical ethics, a fact that is indicative of its success.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    In discussing the development of beliefs Schwitzgebel refers to Vygotsky and, implicitly, his zone of proximal development as well as the idea of ‘scaffolding’ (2002, p. 265).

  2. 2.

    These are: Harm/Care; Fairness/Reciprocity; Ingroup/Loyalty; Authority/Respect; Purity/Sanctity (Haidt and Graham Haidt 2007).

  3. 3.

    Although I disagree with the vast majority of commentators on the issue of (bio)ethical expertise and whilst I will not argue the point here I do believe that, if we accept and expand the perspective offered here, a cultural and democratically acceptable account of bio- and medical ethical expertise can be given.

  4. 4.

    This approach remained until the 1963 when the GMC published the first of its famous ‘Blue Books’ and, even then, can be considered in force until the 1976 revision.

References

  • Abend, G. 2012. What the science of morality doesn’t say about morality. Philosophy of the Social Sciences. http://pos.sagepub.com/content/early/2012/08/16/0048393112440597.

  • Anderson, A. 2005. The way we argue now: A study in the cultures of theory. Priceton: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Benatar, D. 2007. Moral theories may have some role in teaching applied ethics. Journal of Medical Ethics 33(11): 671–672.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Benatar, D. 2009. Teaching moral theories is an option: reply to Rob Lawlor. Journal of Medical Ethics 35(6): 395–396.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Benhabib, S. 1985. The generalized and the concrete other: The Kohlberg-Gilligan controversy and feminist theory. PRAXIS International 5(4): 402–424.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carr, D. 2000. Professionalism and ethics in teaching. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Christmas, S., and L. Milward. 2011. New medical professionalism: A scoping report for the health foundation. London: The Health Foundation. http://www.health.org.uk/public/cms/75/76/313/2733/New%20medical%20professionalism.pdf?realName=JOGEKF.pdf (Accessed September 2012)

  • Collins, H.M., and R. Evans. 2007. Rethinking expertise. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Cribb, A. 2011. Beyond the classroom wall: Theorist-practitioner relationships and extra-mural ethics. Ethical Theory and Moral Practice 14(4): 383–396.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Downie, R., and J. Macnaughton. 2007. Bioethics and the humanities: Attitudes and perceptions. London: Routledge-Cavendish.

    Google Scholar 

  • Emmerich, N. 2011a. Literature, history and the humanization of bioethics. Bioethics 25(1): 112–118.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Emmerich, N. 2011. Taking education seriously: Developing Bourdieuan social theory in the context of teaching and learning medical ethics in the UK undergraduate medical degree. Unpublished PhD Thesis, Queen’s University, Belfast.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gerrans, P. 2005. Tacit knowledge, rule following and Pierre Bourdieu’s philosophy of social science. Anthropological Theory 5(1): 53–74.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Haidt, J. 2001. The emotional dog and its rational tail: A social intuitionist approach to moral judgment. Psychological Review 108(4): 814–834.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Haidt, J. 2007. The new synthesis in moral psychology. Science 316(5827): 998–1002.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Haidt, J. Graham, J. 2007. When Morality Opposes Justice: Conservatives Have Moral Intuitions That Liberals May Not Recognize. Social Justice Research 20(1): 98–116.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haidt, J., and S. Kesebir. 2010. Morality. In Handbook of social psychology, vol. 2, ed. S.T. Fiske, D.T. Gilbert, and G. Lindzey, 797–832. Hoboken: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Irvine, D. 1999. The performance of doctors: The new professionalism. The Lancet 353(9159): 1174–1177.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Irvine, D. 2001. Doctors in the UK: Their new professionalism and its regulatory framework. The Lancet 358(9295): 1807–1810.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Irwin, W.G. 1987. Medical ethics (presidential address to the Ulster Medical Society). The Ulster Medical Journal 56(1): 1–12.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuhn, D. 1991. The skills of argument. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Larcher, V. 2009. The development and function of clinical ethics committees (CECs) in the United Kingdom. Diametros 22: 47–63.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lawlor, R. 2007. Moral theories in teaching applied ethics. Journal of Medical Ethics 33(6): 370–372.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lawlor, R. 2008. Against moral theories: reply to Benatar. Journal of Medical Ethics 34(11): 826–828.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liu, B.S., and P.H. Ditto. 2012. What dilemma? Moral evaluation shapes factual belief. Social Psychological and Personality Science. http://spp.sagepub.com/content/early/2012/08/13/1948550612456045.abstract.

  • Meisenhelder, T. 2006. From character to habitus in sociology. The Social Science Journal 43(1): 55–66.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pinto, L. 1999. Theory in practice. In Bourdieu: A critical reader, ed. R. Shusterman, 94–112. London: Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reubi, D. 2012. The human capacity to reflect and decide: Bioethics and the reconfiguration of the research subject in the British biomedical sciences. Social Studies of Science 42(3): 348–368.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schwitzgebel, E. 2002. A phenomenal, dispositional account of belief. Noûs 36(2): 249–275.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shulman, L.S. 2005. Signature pedagogies in the professions. Daedalus 134(3): 52–59.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shusterman, R. 1999. Introduction: Bourdieu as philosopher. In Bourdieu: A critical reader, ed. R. Shusterman, 1–13. London: Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, R. 2007. Being human: Historical knowledge and the creation of human nature. Manchester: Manchester University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, R.G. 1993. The development of ethical guidance for medical practitioners by the general medical council. Medical History 37(1): 56–67.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Spyridonidis, D., and M. Calnan. 2011. Are new forms of professionalism emerging in medicine? The case of the implementation of NICE guidelines. Health Sociology Review 20(4): 394–409.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Talja, S. 2010. Jean Lave’s practice theory. In Critical theory for library and information science, eds. G.J. Leckie, L.M. Given, and J. Buschman, 205–220, California: Libraries Unlimited (ABC-CLIO).

    Google Scholar 

  • Tallis, R. 2011. Aping mankind: Neuromania, Darwinitis and the misrepresentation of humanity. Durham: Acumen Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Winch, P. 1965. Universalizability of moral judgements. The Monist 49(2): 196–214.

    Article  Google Scholar 

General Medical Council Publications

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Nathan Emmerich .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2013 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Emmerich, N. (2013). Conclusions. In: Medical Ethics Education: An Interdisciplinary and Social Theoretical Perspective. SpringerBriefs in Ethics. Springer, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-00485-3_6

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics