Abstract
Three-dimensional ultrasound (US) technology is supposed to help combat some of the orientation difficulties inherent to two-dimensional US. Contemporary navigation solutions combine reconstructed 3D US images with common navigation images and support orientation. New real-time 3D US (without neuronavigation) is more time effective, but whether it further assists in orientation remains to be determined. An integrated US system (IGSonic, VectorVision², BrainLAB, Munich Germany) and a non-integrated system with real-time 3D US (iU22, Philips, Bothell, USA) were recently compared in neurosurgical procedures in our group. The reconstructed navigation view was time-consuming, but images were displayed in familiar planes (e.g., axial, sagittal, coronal). Further potential applications of US angiography and pure US navigation are possible. Real-time 3D images were displayed without the need for an additional acquisition and reconstruction process, but spatial orientation remained challenging in this preliminary testing phase. Reconstructed 3D US navigation appears to be superior with respect to spatial orientation, and the technique can be combined with other imaging data. However, the potential of real-time 3D US imaging is promising.
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Acknowledgment
The authors state that both US probes (IGSonic and real-time 3D transducer) have been provided by the companies for research proposes. This is not the case for the navigation system VectorVision or US system IU22, which were bought by the departments. No further financial collaborations, consulting contracts or conflicts of interest exist. The reprint of the image in Fig.3b has been approved by the company (Copyright Philips, Bothell, USA).
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Bozinov, O., Burkhardt, JK., Fischer, C.M., Kockro, R.A., Bernays, RL., Bertalanffy, H. (2011). Advantages and Limitations of Intraoperative 3D Ultrasound in Neurosurgery. Technical note. In: Pamir, M., Seifert, V., Kiris, T. (eds) Intraoperative Imaging. Acta Neurochirurgica Supplementum, vol 109. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-211-99651-5_30
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