Skip to main content

View of the minerals policies in selected states of Europe

  • Chapter
General and International Mineral Policy
  • 574 Accesses

Abstract

The view of mineral policies is based on the principles discussed in Chapter 4.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. For example Canada, South Africa, USA, China and India. Cp. also National Economic and Social Council <Ireland> (1981): National Minerals policy. — Dublin: Stationery Office, 1981 (National Economic and Social Council publications; 60).

    Google Scholar 

  2. Cp. in that regard Weizsäcker, E.U. (2010): Factor Five. Transforming the Global Economy through 80 % Improvements in Resource Productivity, London.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Sources used here: Department of Mining and Tunneling (2004), l.c. Besides that: Land Use Consultants (LCU) (2010): consultation process regarding Ad-hoc Working Group on Exchanging Best Practices on Land Use Planning and Geological Knowledge Sharing (for European Commission, DG Enterprise and Industrie). Furthermore: Mining Laws of the respective countries.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Cp. Tiess (2010), l.c.

    Google Scholar 

  5. The respective duration of exploration as well as exploitation (i.e. duration of concession) determined in a Mineral law is therefore relevant. It is addressed in the context of the following country discussion. — Cf also Otto (1999), l.c., p.19–20. Cf likewise Tiess (2010), l.c.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Addressed in the context of the EU Raw Material Initiative in 2008, there in particular as criticism of the EU Mineral policy (see section 6.5.4).

    Google Scholar 

  7. USGS (2008, 2010): Minerals Yearbook 2008, Volume III (Finland).

    Google Scholar 

  8. Mining Technology, 2008, in: USGS (2010), Finland.

    Google Scholar 

  9. USGS (2010), Finland.

    Google Scholar 

  10. UEPG (2010). All data related to aggregates in chapter 5 are provided by UEPG. http://www.uepg.eu/uploads/documents/ (data available up 2002).

  11. The strategy is available at the Finnish Geological Survey. — See also: Ericsson, M. (2010): Global mining towards 2030: food for thought for the Finnish minerals policy process 2010. Tutkimusraporti/Geologian Tutkimuskeskus, 187 (2010), pp. 1–19 — Ericsson, M., Noras, P. (2005): A note on minerals-based sustainable development: one viable alternative. Minerals and energy — raw materials report, 20 (2005), 1, pp. 29–39.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Nielsen, K. (2004): Country Report Finland, in: Department of Mining and Tunnelling, Minerals Policies and Supply Practices in Europe, University of Leoben.

    Google Scholar 

  13. For more information, see Tiess (2009): Legal basis for European Raw material policy, Springer, Vienna.

    Google Scholar 

  14. USGS (2008), l.c.: Where necessary, values have been converted from EU euros (€) to U.S. dollars ($) at the rate of € 0,71 = $ 1,00.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Bergbau Journal 2006, in: USGS 2008 (Länderbericht ), p.l (Mining Journal 2006, in USGS 2008 (country report ), p.1).

    Google Scholar 

  16. USGS (2008, 2010): Minerals Yearbook 2008, Volume III (Finland).

    Google Scholar 

  17. Louthean, 2008, in: USGS (2010), Sweden.

    Google Scholar 

  18. LCU (2010), table 1’ Minerals Policy’ (Sweden), l.c.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Nielsen, K. (2004), (Country Report Sweden), in: Department of Mining and Tunnelling, University of Leoben, Minerals Policies and Supply Practices in Europe. About 100 deposits have been declared as deposits of national interest. Mainly: industrial minerals and construction minerals.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Ibidem.

    Google Scholar 

  21. USGS (2008): 2006 Minerals Yearbook, Volume III — Sweden, p.2.

    Google Scholar 

  22. USGS (2008): Minerals Yearbook 2006, Volume III — Denmark.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Industrial Minerals, 2007, in: USGS 2008 (Denmark).

    Google Scholar 

  24. Nielsen, K. (2004), Country Report denmark, in: Department of Mining and Tunnelling, Minerals Policies and Supply Practices in Europe, University of Leoben.

    Google Scholar 

  25. USGS (2008, 2010): Minerals Yearbook 2008, 2010 Volume III (UK).

    Google Scholar 

  26. Minerals UK, 2006a, in: USGS 2008 (UK), p 2.

    Google Scholar 

  27. British Geological Survey, 2006a, in: USGS 2008 (UK), p 2.

    Google Scholar 

  28. British Geological Survey, 2005, in: USGS 2008 (UK), p 2.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Imerys S.A., 2006, in: USGS 2008 (UK), p 2.

    Google Scholar 

  30. LCU (2010), Table 1 ‘Minerals Policy’ (UK). — See also: UK Minerals Forum (2009): Shaping UK minerals policy, http://www.mauk.org.uk/newsdocs/shaping_uk_policy_ final_180809.pdf (accessed: 09.03.2011)

    Google Scholar 

  31. Ike (2004): Department of Mining and Tunneling, Final Report, p 120.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Cp. IKE, P. (2004), Country report UK, in: Department of Mining and Tunnelling, l.c.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Falkland Gold and Minerals Limited, 2006, in: USGS 2008 (UK).

    Google Scholar 

  34. Galantas Gold Corp., 2007, in: USGS 2008 (UK).

    Google Scholar 

  35. Alba Mineral Resources plc, 2006, in: USGS 2008 (UK).

    Google Scholar 

  36. USGS (2008, 2010): Minerals Yearbook 2008, 2010 Volume III (Ireland).

    Google Scholar 

  37. USGS (2008): Minerals Yearbook 2006, Volume III — Ireland, p.1.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Ibidem.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Mining Magazine, 2006, in: USGS 2008 (Ireland), p.1.

    Google Scholar 

  40. USGS (2008): 2006 Minerals Yearbook, Ireland, p.1.

    Google Scholar 

  41. LCU (2010): table 1 ‘Minerals Policy’ (Ireland), lc.

    Google Scholar 

  42. Cp. Ike, P. (2004), Country Report Irland, in: Department of Mining and Tunnelling, University of Leoben, Minerals Policies and Supply Practices in Europe.

    Google Scholar 

  43. USGS (2008, 2010): Minerals Yearbook 2008, 2010 Volume III (Netherlands).

    Google Scholar 

  44. USGS (2008): Minerals Yearbook 2006, Volume III — Netherlands.

    Google Scholar 

  45. Holland Trade, 2006, in: USGS 2008 (Netherlands).

    Google Scholar 

  46. Statistics Netherlands, 2006, in: USGS 2008 (Netherlands).

    Google Scholar 

  47. Zinifex Limited, 2006, in: USGS (Netherlands).

    Google Scholar 

  48. Platts, 2006, in: USGS 2008 (Netherlands).

    Google Scholar 

  49. Industrial Minerals, 2006, in: USGS 2008 (Netherlands).

    Google Scholar 

  50. Nedmag Industries Mining & Manufacturing BV, 2006, in: USGS 2008 (Netherlands). — See also: van der Meulen, M. J. (2005): Sustainable mineral development possibilities and pitfalls illustrated by the rise and fall of Dutch mineral planning guiddance. Geological Society Special publication, 250 (2005), pp. 225–232.

    Google Scholar 

  51. Akzo Nobel Salt BV, 2006, in: USGS 2008 (Netherlands).

    Google Scholar 

  52. Ministeries van VROM, LNV, VenW en EZ (2004), in: Department of Mining and Tunneling, p. 119. — See also: van der Meulen, M.J. (2005): Sustainable mineral development possibilities and pitfalls illustrated by the rise and fall of Duch mineral planning guidance. Geological Society Special publication, 250 (2005), pp. 225–232.

    Google Scholar 

  53. USGS (2010): Minerals Yearbook 2008, Volume III (Belgium).

    Google Scholar 

  54. USGS (2008): Minerals Yearbook 2006, Volume III — Belgium.

    Google Scholar 

  55. World Group, 2006, in: USGS 2008 (Belgium).

    Google Scholar 

  56. Belgium Foreign Trade Agency, 2007, in: USGS 2008 (Belgium).

    Google Scholar 

  57. N.V. Umicore S.A., 2009, in: USGS (2010).

    Google Scholar 

  58. Nyrstar NV, 2010, in: USGS (2010).

    Google Scholar 

  59. World Steel Association, 2009, p. 9, in: USGS (2010).

    Google Scholar 

  60. Business Monitor International, 2010, in: USGS (2010).

    Google Scholar 

  61. Antwerp World Diamond Center, 2007: in USGS 2008 (Belgium).

    Google Scholar 

  62. Mining Journal Online, 2006, in: USGS 2008 (Belgium).

    Google Scholar 

  63. Vervoort, in: Department of Mining and Tunneling (2008), Final Report, p 133, l.c.

    Google Scholar 

  64. Ibidem.

    Google Scholar 

  65. Forbes, 2007, in: USGS 2009 (Belgium).

    Google Scholar 

  66. Arcelor Mittal, 2007, in USGS (2009): Minerals Yearbook 2007, Volume III — Belgium.

    Google Scholar 

  67. Mining Engineer, 2007, in: USGS 2009 (Belgium).

    Google Scholar 

  68. Mining Engineer, 2007, in: USGS 2009 (Belgium).

    Google Scholar 

  69. USGS (2008, 2010): Minerals Yearbook 2008, 2010 Volume III (Poland).

    Google Scholar 

  70. USGS (2008): Minerals Yearbook 2006, Volume III — Poland.

    Google Scholar 

  71. Główny Urząd Statystyczny, 2007a, in: USGS 2008 (Poland).

    Google Scholar 

  72. USGS (2010): Minerals Yearbook 2008, Volume III — Poland.

    Google Scholar 

  73. Ney, Smakowski, and Galos, 2009, p. 45–49, in: USGS (2010), Poland.

    Google Scholar 

  74. Ney, Smakowski, and Galos, 2009, p. 240–241, in: USGS (2010), Poland.

    Google Scholar 

  75. Edelstein, 2008, in: USGS (2008) (Poland), p.4.

    Google Scholar 

  76. Główny Urząd Statystyczny, 2007b, p. 261, in: USGS 2008 (Poland), p.4.

    Google Scholar 

  77. Brooks, 2008, in: USGS 2008 (Poland), p. 4.

    Google Scholar 

  78. Kostick, 2008; Kramer, 2008; Miller, 2008; Ober, 2008, in: USGS 2008 (Poland), p.6.

    Google Scholar 

  79. LCU (2010): Table 1 ‘Mineral Policy’ (Poland). However, the content of this draft is unkown, it is not clear whether this draft provides a comprehensive raw materials strategy covering all mineral categories.

    Google Scholar 

  80. Further information: see Tiess (2010), l.c.

    Google Scholar 

  81. Uberman, R., Ostrega, A., in: Department of Mining and Tunnelling (2004), Country Report Poland, l.c.

    Google Scholar 

  82. USGS (2008): Minerals Yearbook 2006, Volume III — Germany.

    Google Scholar 

  83. l.c.

    Google Scholar 

  84. Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe, 2006, p. 138, 150, 155, 157, 159, 161, 165; Statistik der Kohlenwirtschaft e.V., 2007; Statistisches Bundesamt, 2007, p. 12; U.S. Library of Congress, Federal Research Division, 2007, p. 10, in: USGS 2008 (Germany), S. 1. [Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources, 2006, p. 138, 150, 155, 157, 159, 161, 165; Statistics of the Coal Industry inc. soc, 2007; Federal Statistical Office, 2007 p. 12; U.S. Library of Congress, Federal Research Division, 2007, p. 10, in: USGS 2008 (Germany), p. 1.].

    Google Scholar 

  85. Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe, 2009, p. 19–20, 25–26, 35–36, 44, 172; Statistik der Kohlenwirtschaft e.V., 2009, in: USGS (2010): Minerals Yearbook 2008, Volume III (Germany).

    Google Scholar 

  86. VRB (2008), l.c., p. 47. The recent government draft for the Federal Council and the House of Representatives contains no longer such a provision, as it had not received the necessary approval of all federal ministries. In a joint statement the VRB together with the VKS and the BBS recommended a “Federal Resources Development Plan” and proposed the identification of mineral deposits independent of their need.The concerns of the extraction and mining industries were also discussed in the inter-ministerial working group “Raw Materials”. Such an instrument would be appropriate to counteract the insufficient identification of mineral deposits. The identification of mineral deposits and mine reclamation carried out in some federal states should be taken as a legal planning instrument into the ROG.

    Google Scholar 

  87. Müller (2004), Country Report Germany, in: Department of Mining and Tunnelling, University of Leoben, Minerals Policies and Supply Practices in Europe.

    Google Scholar 

  88. BDI (2007), l.c., p. 6.

    Google Scholar 

  89. Economist Intelligence Unit Limited, The, 2007; World Tax Inc., 2007, in: USGS 2008 (Germany), p.2.

    Google Scholar 

  90. USGS (2008, 2010): Minerals Yearbook 2008, 2010 Volume III (Czech Republic).

    Google Scholar 

  91. USGS (2008): Minerals Yearbook 2006, Volume III — Czech Republic.

    Google Scholar 

  92. Czech Statistical Office, 2008; GEOFOND, 2007, in: UEPG 2008 (Czech Republik).

    Google Scholar 

  93. GEOFOND, 2007, in: USGS 2008 (Czech Republic).

    Google Scholar 

  94. Department of Mining and Tunneling (2004), l.c.; LCU (2010), l.c.

    Google Scholar 

  95. USGS (2008, 2010): Minerals Yearbook 2008, 2010 Volume III (Slovakia).

    Google Scholar 

  96. Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic, 2007, in: USGS 2008 (Slovakia).

    Google Scholar 

  97. Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic, 2007, in: USGS 2008 (Slovakia).

    Google Scholar 

  98. Slovalco A.S., 2006, in: USGS 2008 (Slovakia).

    Google Scholar 

  99. Metals Insider, 2006, in: USGS 2008 (Slovakia).

    Google Scholar 

  100. Tournigan Gold Corp., 2008, in: USGS 2008 (Slovakia).

    Google Scholar 

  101. USGS (2008, 2010): Minerals Yearbook 2008, 2010 Volume III (Austria).

    Google Scholar 

  102. Weber, L. (2007a): Der Rohstoffplan als Werkzeug einer langfristigen Rohstoffsicherung, Berg-und Hüttenmännische Monatshefte, S. 252–S. 258 [The Raw Material Plan as an instrument for long-term raw material security, Journal of Mining, Metallurgical, Material, Geotechnical and Planned Engineering) p. 252–258].

    Google Scholar 

  103. Voest-Alpine Stahl AG, 2007, in USGS (2010), Austria.

    Google Scholar 

  104. In the course of the Amendment to the Raw Material Act 2001 the National Council agreed to a resolution in which the Federal Minister for Economic Affairs and Labour was appointed to develop an “Austrian Mineral Resources Plan” in reasonable time. This was to document the deposits of minerals needed nationwide and should create the basis of a nationwide mining plan, which should be established according to the specific needs of the federal countries and communities. The project emphasized that Austria has a substantial domestic production of raw materials. Conflicts of aims between resource protection and environmental respectively spatial planning should be harmonized.

    Google Scholar 

  105. Maier, A., Weber, L. (2008): Der Österreichische Rohstoffplan, in: Sorger, Veit [Hrsg.] [et al.]: Herausforderung Verwaltungsreform: Best Practice Beispiele für eine effiziente Verwaltung. Wien: Industriellenvereinigung, 2008 (The Austrian Raw Materials Plan, in: Sorger, Veit [Ed] [et al.]: Administrative challenge: best practice examples of efficient management. Vienna: Austrian Industry, 2008).

    Google Scholar 

  106. The Austrian Mineral Resources Plan is emphasized as an example of Best Practice in the communication COM (2008) 669.

    Google Scholar 

  107. Weber, L. (2007a), l.c. Weber, L. (2007b): The Austrian mineral resources plan, World of mining — surface & underground, H.6, p. 442–452.

    Google Scholar 

  108. The results of the Austrian Mineral Resources Plan were published in June 2010.

    Google Scholar 

  109. Weber (2007a), l.c.: e.g. Presentation of the supply situation of Austria and estimated price and demand developments, the presentation of the Austrian Industry, the international situation and trends, the potential supply risks, the improvement of providing the demand with domestic resources, new applications for minerals, environmental impact of rmineral extractive industries, re-use of mining areas and, finally, raw material research in Austria.].

    Google Scholar 

  110. Ibidem: Especially with the near-surface minerals it was decided to proceed according to demand. An optimal solution is reached if the distance from producer to consumer is no more than about 30 km, and reserves last for at least 50 years. For this reason in several test areas in Lower Austria an attempt was made to evaluate the demand of the following 50 years considering demographic development, specific regional consumption of gravel sands, possible raw material consuming infrastructure projects, (“Model Lower Austria”). As an example for the district of Melk a demand of about 26,3 million m3 of gravel sands was assessed.

    Google Scholar 

  111. See also Tiess (2010), l.c.

    Google Scholar 

  112. See also Tiess (2010), l.c.

    Google Scholar 

  113. USGS (2008, 2010): Minerals Yearbook 2008, 2010 Volume III (UK).

    Google Scholar 

  114. USGS (2008): Minerals Yearbook 2006, Volume III — Hungary.

    Google Scholar 

  115. LCU (2010): table 2 ‘land use planning’ (Hungary).

    Google Scholar 

  116. USGS (2008, 2010): Minerals Yearbook 2008, 2010 Volume III (Slovenia).

    Google Scholar 

  117. Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia, 2008, in: USGS 2008 (Slovenia).

    Google Scholar 

  118. Cp. Department of Mining and Tunneling (2004), Final Report, p 121.

    Google Scholar 

  119. Land Use Consultans (2010): table 1 ‘Minerals Policy’ (Slovenia).

    Google Scholar 

  120. USGS (2008, 2010): Minerals Yearbook 2008, 2010 Volume III (Italy).

    Google Scholar 

  121. USGS (2008): Minerals Yearbook 2006, Volume III — Italy.

    Google Scholar 

  122. U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, 2006, in: USGS 2008 (Italy).

    Google Scholar 

  123. Rio Tinto plc, 2006; UC Rusal, 2006a, b, in: USGS 2008 (Italy).

    Google Scholar 

  124. International Iron and Steel Institute, 2006, in: USGS 2008 (Italy).

    Google Scholar 

  125. Crangle, 2009a, b; Miller, 2009; Potter, 2009; van Oss, 2009; Virta, 2009, in: USGS (2010), Italy.

    Google Scholar 

  126. Founie, 2007a, b; Lyday, 2007; Miller, 2007; Potter, 2007; van Oss, 2007; Virta, 2007, in: USGS 2008 (Italy).

    Google Scholar 

  127. Wilson, 2007, in: USGS 2008 (Italy).

    Google Scholar 

  128. Sargold Resource Corp., 2006c, in: USGS 2008 (Italy).

    Google Scholar 

  129. Sargold Resource Corp., 2006b, in: USGS 2008 (Italy).

    Google Scholar 

  130. Sargold Resource Corp., 2006a, in: USGS 2008 (Italy).

    Google Scholar 

  131. USGS (2008, 2010): Minerals Yearbook 2008, 2010 Volume III (France).

    Google Scholar 

  132. USGS (2008): Minerals Yearbook 2006, Volume III — France (Steblez, W.G.).

    Google Scholar 

  133. U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, 2007, in: USGS (France).

    Google Scholar 

  134. Eurostat, 2007, in: USGS, 2008 (France).

    Google Scholar 

  135. Metaleurop, 2007; World Bureau of Metal Statistics, 2007, p. 90,137; International Lead and Zinc Study Group, 2009, in: USGS (2010).

    Google Scholar 

  136. Imerys, 2007, in: USGS 2008 (France).

    Google Scholar 

  137. PR Newswire Europe Ltd., 2006; International Cement Review, 2003, in: USGS 2008 (France).

    Google Scholar 

  138. LCU (2010): table 1 ‘Minerals Policy’ (France).

    Google Scholar 

  139. Kanter and others, 2006, in: USGS 2008 (France).

    Google Scholar 

  140. USGS (2008, 2010): Minerals Yearbook 2008, 2010 Volume III (Spain).

    Google Scholar 

  141. USGS (2008): Minerals Yearbook 2006, Volume III — (Spain).

    Google Scholar 

  142. Sociedad Estatal de Participaciones Industriales, 2006; U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, 2007; U.S. Department of State, 2007, in: USGS 2008 (Spain).

    Google Scholar 

  143. USGS, 2010.

    Google Scholar 

  144. Cambridge Mineral Resources plc, 2007; Encyclopedia of the Nations, 2007, in: USGS 2008 (Spain).

    Google Scholar 

  145. USGS, 2010.

    Google Scholar 

  146. Cambridge Mineral Resources plc, 2007; Ormonde Mining plc, 2007a, b, in: USGS 2008 (Spain).

    Google Scholar 

  147. Sidenor Industrial, S.L., 2007, in: USGS 2008 (Spain).

    Google Scholar 

  148. Rio Narcea Gold Mines Ltd., 2007, in: USGS 2008 (Spain).

    Google Scholar 

  149. Dolley, 2007; Founie, 2007; Miller, 2007; van Oss, 2007, in: USGS (2008.2010), Spain.

    Google Scholar 

  150. Polysius AG, 2007, in: USGS 2008 (Spain).

    Google Scholar 

  151. Grupo Tolsa, 2007, in: USGS 2008 (Spain).

    Google Scholar 

  152. Department of Mining and Tunneling (2004), Final Report, p 121, p 140.

    Google Scholar 

  153. Land Use Consultans (2010): table 1 ‘Minerals Policy’ (Spain).

    Google Scholar 

  154. Department of Mineral Resources and Petroleum Engineering (2010), l.c.

    Google Scholar 

  155. Cambridge Mineral Resources plc, 2007; Federation of International Trade Associations, 2007, in: USGS 2008 (Spain).

    Google Scholar 

  156. Inmet Mining Corp., 2007, in: USGS 2008 (Spain).

    Google Scholar 

  157. Ormonde Mining plc, 2007a, in: USGS 2008 (Spain).

    Google Scholar 

  158. USGS (2010): Minerals Yearbook 2008, Volume III (Portugal).

    Google Scholar 

  159. MBendi Information Services (Pty) Ltd., 2007a; Ober, 2007; Potter, 2007; Shedd, 2007, in: USGS 2008 (Portugal).

    Google Scholar 

  160. Carlin, 2009; Jaskula, 2009; Shedd, 2009, in: USGS (2010), Portugal.

    Google Scholar 

  161. MBendi Information Services (Pty) Ltd., 2007a, in: USGS 2008 (Portugal).

    Google Scholar 

  162. Instituto Nacional de Estatística, 2007; Lundin Mining Corp., 2007a, b, in: USGS 2008 (Portugal).

    Google Scholar 

  163. Primary Metals Inc., 2007, in: USGS 2008 (Portugal).

    Google Scholar 

  164. Primary Metals Inc., 2007, in: USGS 2008 (Portugal).

    Google Scholar 

  165. MBendi Information Services (PTY) LTD., 2007a,b, in: USGS 2008 (Portugal).

    Google Scholar 

  166. Hoover’s, Inc., 2006, in: USGS 2008 (Portugal).

    Google Scholar 

  167. Department of Mining and Tunneling (2008): Final Report, p 121, l.c.

    Google Scholar 

  168. Land Use Consultants (2010): table 2 ‘land use planning’ (Portugal), l.c.

    Google Scholar 

  169. Instituto Nacional de Estatística, 2009; U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, 2009; USGS 2010 (Portugal).

    Google Scholar 

  170. USGS (2008): Minerals Yearbook 2006, Volume III — Romania.

    Google Scholar 

  171. National Institute of Statistics, 2007, p. 1; U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, 2007, in: USGS 2008 (Romania).

    Google Scholar 

  172. USGS (2008): 2006 Minerals Yearbook, (Romania).

    Google Scholar 

  173. International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, 2006, in: USGS 2008 (Romania).

    Google Scholar 

  174. Marco Group, 2006, in: USGS 2008 (Romania).

    Google Scholar 

  175. Moreno, 2000, in: USGS 2008 (Romania).

    Google Scholar 

  176. International Iron and Steel Institute, 2007, in: USGS 2010 (Romania).

    Google Scholar 

  177. For further information see Tiess (2011), l.c.

    Google Scholar 

  178. USGS (2008): Minerals Yearbook 2006, Volume III — Bulgaria.

    Google Scholar 

  179. National Statistical Institute, 2007,in: USGS (2008): 2006 Minerals Yearbook, (Bulgaria).

    Google Scholar 

  180. USGS 2008 (Bulgaria).

    Google Scholar 

  181. Metals Insider, 2006, in: USGS 2008 (Bulgaria).

    Google Scholar 

  182. USGS 2008 (Bulgaria).

    Google Scholar 

  183. Further informations see Tiess) (2010), l.c.

    Google Scholar 

  184. USGS 2008 (Bulgaria): Where necessary, values have been converted from European euros (€) to U.S. dollars ($) at an average rate of € 0,758 = $ 1,00.

    Google Scholar 

  185. Sofia Echo, 2006e, in: USGS 2008 (Bulgaria).

    Google Scholar 

  186. Krastanova, 2005, in: USGS 2008 (Bulgaria).

    Google Scholar 

  187. USGS (2008): Minerals Yearbook 2006, Volume III — Greece.

    Google Scholar 

  188. USGS 2008 (Greece).

    Google Scholar 

  189. USGS 2008 (Greece).

    Google Scholar 

  190. S&B Industrial Minerals S.A., 2006a, in: USGS 2008 (Greece).

    Google Scholar 

  191. S&B Industrial Minerals S.A., 2006c, in: USGS 2008 (Greece).

    Google Scholar 

  192. Larco G.M.M S.A., 2006, in: USGS 2008 (Greece).

    Google Scholar 

  193. European Goldfields Ltd., 2007, in: USGS (Greece).

    Google Scholar 

  194. Google Finance, 2006, in: USGS 2008 (Greece).

    Google Scholar 

  195. S&B Industrial Minerals S.A., 2006a, in: USGS 2008 (Greece).

    Google Scholar 

  196. Google Finance, 2006, in: USGS 2008 (Greece).

    Google Scholar 

  197. S&B Industrial Minerals S.A., 2006d, in: USGS 2008 (Greece).

    Google Scholar 

  198. Grecian Magnesite S.A., 2006, in: USGS 2008 (Greece).

    Google Scholar 

  199. LCU (2010): table 2 ‘land use planning’ (Greece).

    Google Scholar 

  200. Russia, though, holds a rank among the Top 10 of the World for a variety of other commodities: cp. Weber/ Zsak, World Mining Data (2008).

    Google Scholar 

  201. Pticyn, A. M., Ljudin, J. K., Polonskij, G. V. (2004): State and measures for strenghtening of mineral and raw material base of Russian metallurgy. Gornyj zurnal, Moscow, Vol 180 (2004), 3, pp. 45–53.

    Google Scholar 

  202. USGS (2008, 2010): Minerals Yearbook 2008, 2010 Volume III (Norway).

    Google Scholar 

  203. Norwegian Geological Survey, 2009b, p. 20, in: USGS (2010), Norway.

    Google Scholar 

  204. Norwegian Geological Survey, 2009c, p. 15, in USGS (2010), Norway.

    Google Scholar 

  205. Nielsen, K. (2004), Country Report Norway, in: Department of Mining and Tunnelling, Minerals Policies and Supply Practices in Europe, University of Leoben.

    Google Scholar 

  206. Nielsen, K. (2004), Country Report Norway, in: Department of Mining and Tunnelling, Minerals Policies and Supply Practices in Europe, University of Leoben.

    Google Scholar 

  207. Department of Mining and Tunneling (2004), Final Report, p 119, lc.

    Google Scholar 

  208. See also Tiess “Legal Basics”, 2011.

    Google Scholar 

  209. USGS (2008): Minerals Yearbook 2006, Volume III — Switzerland.

    Google Scholar 

  210. Swissworld, 2006, in: USGS 2008 (Country report Switzerland), p.1.

    Google Scholar 

  211. HRD — Antwerp World Diamond Centre, 2006, in: USGS 2008 (Country report), p.1.

    Google Scholar 

  212. USGS (2008): 2006 Minerals Yearbook, Switzerland, p.1.

    Google Scholar 

  213. Grob, J. (2005), Die schweizerische Sand-und Kiesindustrie (The Swiss sand and gravel industry), BHM Berg-und Hüttenmännische Zeitschriften [Journal of Mining, Metallurgical, Material, Geotechnical and Planned Engineering], p. 42.

    Google Scholar 

  214. Grob (2005), Die schweizerische Sand-und Kiesindustrie (The Swiss sand and gravel industry), BHM Berg-und Hüttenmännische Zeitschriften l.c., p. 43.

    Google Scholar 

  215. Cp. Tiess, G., Pilgram, R. (2003): Zentrale Aufgabe der Raumplanung: die nachhaltige Sicherung mineralischer Rohstoffe (Important task of land use planning: to ensure sustainable supply with mineral raw materials), BHM Berg-und Hüttenmännische Zeitschriften Zeitschriften [Journal of Mining, Metallurgical, Material, Geotechnical and Planned Engineering], pp. 408–410.

    Google Scholar 

  216. Grob (2005), Zentrale Aufgabe der Raumplanung: die nachhaltige Sicherung mineralischer Rohstoffe (Important task of land use planning: to ensure sustainable supply with mineral raw materials), BHM Berg-und Hüttenmännische Zeitschriften Zeitschriften l.c., p. 45.

    Google Scholar 

  217. USGS (2008): Minerals Yearbook 2006, Volume III — Serbia.

    Google Scholar 

  218. Republicki Zavod za Statistiku Srbije, 2007, p. 126–129, in: USGS (2008).

    Google Scholar 

  219. Republicki Zavod za Statistiku Srbije, 2007, p. 126–129, in USGS (2008).

    Google Scholar 

  220. Rio Tinto plc, 2010, p. 72, 74; Tony Shaffer, Principal Adviser, Media Relations, Rio Tinto plc, written commun., October 15, 2010, in: USGS (2011): Minerals Yearbook 2009 Volume III (Serbia).

    Google Scholar 

  221. For further information see Tiess (2010), l.c.

    Google Scholar 

  222. USGS (2008, 2010): Minerals Yearbook 2008, 2010 Volume III (Albania).

    Google Scholar 

  223. Albinvest, 2009, p. 15, in: USGS (2010), Albania.

    Google Scholar 

  224. DCM DECOmetal GmbH, 2007; 2008a, b; Metal-Pages, 2007, in: USGS 2009 (Albania), p 1.

    Google Scholar 

  225. European Nickel PLC, 2008, in: USGS 2009 (Albania), p 1.

    Google Scholar 

  226. Titan Group, 2008a, p. 52; b, in: USGS 2009 (Albania), p 1.

    Google Scholar 

  227. Grupo Empresarial Aricam, 2008, in: USGS 2009 (Albania), p 1.

    Google Scholar 

  228. LCU (2010): table 1 ‘mineral policy’ (Albania).

    Google Scholar 

  229. Independent Commission for Mines and Minerals, 2005, in: USGS (2010): Minerals Yearbook 2008, Volume III — Kosovo.

    Google Scholar 

  230. Central Bank of the Republic of Kosovo, 2009a p. 20, 22; Statistical Office of Kosovo, 2009, p. 15, in: USGS(2010)

    Google Scholar 

  231. Central Bank of the Republic of Kosovo, 2009b; Republic of Kosovo Ministry of Trade and Industry, 2009, p. 15, in: USGS (2010), Kosovo 2008.

    Google Scholar 

  232. Nelles, 2003, p. 8–9; Palairet, 2003, p. 6, in: USGS (2010), Kosovo 2008.

    Google Scholar 

  233. Kosovar Report, 2005; Kosovo Trust Agency, 2005, p. 5, 20; Mining Journal, 2007; Eurasian Natural Resources Corp., 2008, p. 6, 106; Cunico Resources N.V., 2009; SeeNews, 2009, in: USGS (2010), Kosovo 2008.

    Google Scholar 

  234. For further information see Tiess, (2010), l.c.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2011 Springer-Verlag/Wien

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Tiess, G. (2011). View of the minerals policies in selected states of Europe. In: General and International Mineral Policy. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-211-89005-9_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-211-89005-9_5

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Vienna

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-211-89004-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-211-89005-9

Publish with us

Policies and ethics