Abstract
The view of mineral policies is based on the principles discussed in Chapter 4.
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References
For example Canada, South Africa, USA, China and India. Cp. also National Economic and Social Council <Ireland> (1981): National Minerals policy. — Dublin: Stationery Office, 1981 (National Economic and Social Council publications; 60).
Cp. in that regard Weizsäcker, E.U. (2010): Factor Five. Transforming the Global Economy through 80 % Improvements in Resource Productivity, London.
Sources used here: Department of Mining and Tunneling (2004), l.c. Besides that: Land Use Consultants (LCU) (2010): consultation process regarding Ad-hoc Working Group on Exchanging Best Practices on Land Use Planning and Geological Knowledge Sharing (for European Commission, DG Enterprise and Industrie). Furthermore: Mining Laws of the respective countries.
Cp. Tiess (2010), l.c.
The respective duration of exploration as well as exploitation (i.e. duration of concession) determined in a Mineral law is therefore relevant. It is addressed in the context of the following country discussion. — Cf also Otto (1999), l.c., p.19–20. Cf likewise Tiess (2010), l.c.
Addressed in the context of the EU Raw Material Initiative in 2008, there in particular as criticism of the EU Mineral policy (see section 6.5.4).
USGS (2008, 2010): Minerals Yearbook 2008, Volume III (Finland).
Mining Technology, 2008, in: USGS (2010), Finland.
USGS (2010), Finland.
UEPG (2010). All data related to aggregates in chapter 5 are provided by UEPG. http://www.uepg.eu/uploads/documents/ (data available up 2002).
The strategy is available at the Finnish Geological Survey. — See also: Ericsson, M. (2010): Global mining towards 2030: food for thought for the Finnish minerals policy process 2010. Tutkimusraporti/Geologian Tutkimuskeskus, 187 (2010), pp. 1–19 — Ericsson, M., Noras, P. (2005): A note on minerals-based sustainable development: one viable alternative. Minerals and energy — raw materials report, 20 (2005), 1, pp. 29–39.
Nielsen, K. (2004): Country Report Finland, in: Department of Mining and Tunnelling, Minerals Policies and Supply Practices in Europe, University of Leoben.
For more information, see Tiess (2009): Legal basis for European Raw material policy, Springer, Vienna.
USGS (2008), l.c.: Where necessary, values have been converted from EU euros (€) to U.S. dollars ($) at the rate of € 0,71 = $ 1,00.
Bergbau Journal 2006, in: USGS 2008 (Länderbericht ), p.l (Mining Journal 2006, in USGS 2008 (country report ), p.1).
USGS (2008, 2010): Minerals Yearbook 2008, Volume III (Finland).
Louthean, 2008, in: USGS (2010), Sweden.
LCU (2010), table 1’ Minerals Policy’ (Sweden), l.c.
Nielsen, K. (2004), (Country Report Sweden), in: Department of Mining and Tunnelling, University of Leoben, Minerals Policies and Supply Practices in Europe. About 100 deposits have been declared as deposits of national interest. Mainly: industrial minerals and construction minerals.
Ibidem.
USGS (2008): 2006 Minerals Yearbook, Volume III — Sweden, p.2.
USGS (2008): Minerals Yearbook 2006, Volume III — Denmark.
Industrial Minerals, 2007, in: USGS 2008 (Denmark).
Nielsen, K. (2004), Country Report denmark, in: Department of Mining and Tunnelling, Minerals Policies and Supply Practices in Europe, University of Leoben.
USGS (2008, 2010): Minerals Yearbook 2008, 2010 Volume III (UK).
Minerals UK, 2006a, in: USGS 2008 (UK), p 2.
British Geological Survey, 2006a, in: USGS 2008 (UK), p 2.
British Geological Survey, 2005, in: USGS 2008 (UK), p 2.
Imerys S.A., 2006, in: USGS 2008 (UK), p 2.
LCU (2010), Table 1 ‘Minerals Policy’ (UK). — See also: UK Minerals Forum (2009): Shaping UK minerals policy, http://www.mauk.org.uk/newsdocs/shaping_uk_policy_ final_180809.pdf (accessed: 09.03.2011)
Ike (2004): Department of Mining and Tunneling, Final Report, p 120.
Cp. IKE, P. (2004), Country report UK, in: Department of Mining and Tunnelling, l.c.
Falkland Gold and Minerals Limited, 2006, in: USGS 2008 (UK).
Galantas Gold Corp., 2007, in: USGS 2008 (UK).
Alba Mineral Resources plc, 2006, in: USGS 2008 (UK).
USGS (2008, 2010): Minerals Yearbook 2008, 2010 Volume III (Ireland).
USGS (2008): Minerals Yearbook 2006, Volume III — Ireland, p.1.
Ibidem.
Mining Magazine, 2006, in: USGS 2008 (Ireland), p.1.
USGS (2008): 2006 Minerals Yearbook, Ireland, p.1.
LCU (2010): table 1 ‘Minerals Policy’ (Ireland), lc.
Cp. Ike, P. (2004), Country Report Irland, in: Department of Mining and Tunnelling, University of Leoben, Minerals Policies and Supply Practices in Europe.
USGS (2008, 2010): Minerals Yearbook 2008, 2010 Volume III (Netherlands).
USGS (2008): Minerals Yearbook 2006, Volume III — Netherlands.
Holland Trade, 2006, in: USGS 2008 (Netherlands).
Statistics Netherlands, 2006, in: USGS 2008 (Netherlands).
Zinifex Limited, 2006, in: USGS (Netherlands).
Platts, 2006, in: USGS 2008 (Netherlands).
Industrial Minerals, 2006, in: USGS 2008 (Netherlands).
Nedmag Industries Mining & Manufacturing BV, 2006, in: USGS 2008 (Netherlands). — See also: van der Meulen, M. J. (2005): Sustainable mineral development possibilities and pitfalls illustrated by the rise and fall of Dutch mineral planning guiddance. Geological Society Special publication, 250 (2005), pp. 225–232.
Akzo Nobel Salt BV, 2006, in: USGS 2008 (Netherlands).
Ministeries van VROM, LNV, VenW en EZ (2004), in: Department of Mining and Tunneling, p. 119. — See also: van der Meulen, M.J. (2005): Sustainable mineral development possibilities and pitfalls illustrated by the rise and fall of Duch mineral planning guidance. Geological Society Special publication, 250 (2005), pp. 225–232.
USGS (2010): Minerals Yearbook 2008, Volume III (Belgium).
USGS (2008): Minerals Yearbook 2006, Volume III — Belgium.
World Group, 2006, in: USGS 2008 (Belgium).
Belgium Foreign Trade Agency, 2007, in: USGS 2008 (Belgium).
N.V. Umicore S.A., 2009, in: USGS (2010).
Nyrstar NV, 2010, in: USGS (2010).
World Steel Association, 2009, p. 9, in: USGS (2010).
Business Monitor International, 2010, in: USGS (2010).
Antwerp World Diamond Center, 2007: in USGS 2008 (Belgium).
Mining Journal Online, 2006, in: USGS 2008 (Belgium).
Vervoort, in: Department of Mining and Tunneling (2008), Final Report, p 133, l.c.
Ibidem.
Forbes, 2007, in: USGS 2009 (Belgium).
Arcelor Mittal, 2007, in USGS (2009): Minerals Yearbook 2007, Volume III — Belgium.
Mining Engineer, 2007, in: USGS 2009 (Belgium).
Mining Engineer, 2007, in: USGS 2009 (Belgium).
USGS (2008, 2010): Minerals Yearbook 2008, 2010 Volume III (Poland).
USGS (2008): Minerals Yearbook 2006, Volume III — Poland.
Główny Urząd Statystyczny, 2007a, in: USGS 2008 (Poland).
USGS (2010): Minerals Yearbook 2008, Volume III — Poland.
Ney, Smakowski, and Galos, 2009, p. 45–49, in: USGS (2010), Poland.
Ney, Smakowski, and Galos, 2009, p. 240–241, in: USGS (2010), Poland.
Edelstein, 2008, in: USGS (2008) (Poland), p.4.
Główny Urząd Statystyczny, 2007b, p. 261, in: USGS 2008 (Poland), p.4.
Brooks, 2008, in: USGS 2008 (Poland), p. 4.
Kostick, 2008; Kramer, 2008; Miller, 2008; Ober, 2008, in: USGS 2008 (Poland), p.6.
LCU (2010): Table 1 ‘Mineral Policy’ (Poland). However, the content of this draft is unkown, it is not clear whether this draft provides a comprehensive raw materials strategy covering all mineral categories.
Further information: see Tiess (2010), l.c.
Uberman, R., Ostrega, A., in: Department of Mining and Tunnelling (2004), Country Report Poland, l.c.
USGS (2008): Minerals Yearbook 2006, Volume III — Germany.
l.c.
Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe, 2006, p. 138, 150, 155, 157, 159, 161, 165; Statistik der Kohlenwirtschaft e.V., 2007; Statistisches Bundesamt, 2007, p. 12; U.S. Library of Congress, Federal Research Division, 2007, p. 10, in: USGS 2008 (Germany), S. 1. [Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources, 2006, p. 138, 150, 155, 157, 159, 161, 165; Statistics of the Coal Industry inc. soc, 2007; Federal Statistical Office, 2007 p. 12; U.S. Library of Congress, Federal Research Division, 2007, p. 10, in: USGS 2008 (Germany), p. 1.].
Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe, 2009, p. 19–20, 25–26, 35–36, 44, 172; Statistik der Kohlenwirtschaft e.V., 2009, in: USGS (2010): Minerals Yearbook 2008, Volume III (Germany).
VRB (2008), l.c., p. 47. The recent government draft for the Federal Council and the House of Representatives contains no longer such a provision, as it had not received the necessary approval of all federal ministries. In a joint statement the VRB together with the VKS and the BBS recommended a “Federal Resources Development Plan” and proposed the identification of mineral deposits independent of their need.The concerns of the extraction and mining industries were also discussed in the inter-ministerial working group “Raw Materials”. Such an instrument would be appropriate to counteract the insufficient identification of mineral deposits. The identification of mineral deposits and mine reclamation carried out in some federal states should be taken as a legal planning instrument into the ROG.
Müller (2004), Country Report Germany, in: Department of Mining and Tunnelling, University of Leoben, Minerals Policies and Supply Practices in Europe.
BDI (2007), l.c., p. 6.
Economist Intelligence Unit Limited, The, 2007; World Tax Inc., 2007, in: USGS 2008 (Germany), p.2.
USGS (2008, 2010): Minerals Yearbook 2008, 2010 Volume III (Czech Republic).
USGS (2008): Minerals Yearbook 2006, Volume III — Czech Republic.
Czech Statistical Office, 2008; GEOFOND, 2007, in: UEPG 2008 (Czech Republik).
GEOFOND, 2007, in: USGS 2008 (Czech Republic).
Department of Mining and Tunneling (2004), l.c.; LCU (2010), l.c.
USGS (2008, 2010): Minerals Yearbook 2008, 2010 Volume III (Slovakia).
Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic, 2007, in: USGS 2008 (Slovakia).
Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic, 2007, in: USGS 2008 (Slovakia).
Slovalco A.S., 2006, in: USGS 2008 (Slovakia).
Metals Insider, 2006, in: USGS 2008 (Slovakia).
Tournigan Gold Corp., 2008, in: USGS 2008 (Slovakia).
USGS (2008, 2010): Minerals Yearbook 2008, 2010 Volume III (Austria).
Weber, L. (2007a): Der Rohstoffplan als Werkzeug einer langfristigen Rohstoffsicherung, Berg-und Hüttenmännische Monatshefte, S. 252–S. 258 [The Raw Material Plan as an instrument for long-term raw material security, Journal of Mining, Metallurgical, Material, Geotechnical and Planned Engineering) p. 252–258].
Voest-Alpine Stahl AG, 2007, in USGS (2010), Austria.
In the course of the Amendment to the Raw Material Act 2001 the National Council agreed to a resolution in which the Federal Minister for Economic Affairs and Labour was appointed to develop an “Austrian Mineral Resources Plan” in reasonable time. This was to document the deposits of minerals needed nationwide and should create the basis of a nationwide mining plan, which should be established according to the specific needs of the federal countries and communities. The project emphasized that Austria has a substantial domestic production of raw materials. Conflicts of aims between resource protection and environmental respectively spatial planning should be harmonized.
Maier, A., Weber, L. (2008): Der Österreichische Rohstoffplan, in: Sorger, Veit [Hrsg.] [et al.]: Herausforderung Verwaltungsreform: Best Practice Beispiele für eine effiziente Verwaltung. Wien: Industriellenvereinigung, 2008 (The Austrian Raw Materials Plan, in: Sorger, Veit [Ed] [et al.]: Administrative challenge: best practice examples of efficient management. Vienna: Austrian Industry, 2008).
The Austrian Mineral Resources Plan is emphasized as an example of Best Practice in the communication COM (2008) 669.
Weber, L. (2007a), l.c. Weber, L. (2007b): The Austrian mineral resources plan, World of mining — surface & underground, H.6, p. 442–452.
The results of the Austrian Mineral Resources Plan were published in June 2010.
Weber (2007a), l.c.: e.g. Presentation of the supply situation of Austria and estimated price and demand developments, the presentation of the Austrian Industry, the international situation and trends, the potential supply risks, the improvement of providing the demand with domestic resources, new applications for minerals, environmental impact of rmineral extractive industries, re-use of mining areas and, finally, raw material research in Austria.].
Ibidem: Especially with the near-surface minerals it was decided to proceed according to demand. An optimal solution is reached if the distance from producer to consumer is no more than about 30 km, and reserves last for at least 50 years. For this reason in several test areas in Lower Austria an attempt was made to evaluate the demand of the following 50 years considering demographic development, specific regional consumption of gravel sands, possible raw material consuming infrastructure projects, (“Model Lower Austria”). As an example for the district of Melk a demand of about 26,3 million m3 of gravel sands was assessed.
See also Tiess (2010), l.c.
See also Tiess (2010), l.c.
USGS (2008, 2010): Minerals Yearbook 2008, 2010 Volume III (UK).
USGS (2008): Minerals Yearbook 2006, Volume III — Hungary.
LCU (2010): table 2 ‘land use planning’ (Hungary).
USGS (2008, 2010): Minerals Yearbook 2008, 2010 Volume III (Slovenia).
Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia, 2008, in: USGS 2008 (Slovenia).
Cp. Department of Mining and Tunneling (2004), Final Report, p 121.
Land Use Consultans (2010): table 1 ‘Minerals Policy’ (Slovenia).
USGS (2008, 2010): Minerals Yearbook 2008, 2010 Volume III (Italy).
USGS (2008): Minerals Yearbook 2006, Volume III — Italy.
U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, 2006, in: USGS 2008 (Italy).
Rio Tinto plc, 2006; UC Rusal, 2006a, b, in: USGS 2008 (Italy).
International Iron and Steel Institute, 2006, in: USGS 2008 (Italy).
Crangle, 2009a, b; Miller, 2009; Potter, 2009; van Oss, 2009; Virta, 2009, in: USGS (2010), Italy.
Founie, 2007a, b; Lyday, 2007; Miller, 2007; Potter, 2007; van Oss, 2007; Virta, 2007, in: USGS 2008 (Italy).
Wilson, 2007, in: USGS 2008 (Italy).
Sargold Resource Corp., 2006c, in: USGS 2008 (Italy).
Sargold Resource Corp., 2006b, in: USGS 2008 (Italy).
Sargold Resource Corp., 2006a, in: USGS 2008 (Italy).
USGS (2008, 2010): Minerals Yearbook 2008, 2010 Volume III (France).
USGS (2008): Minerals Yearbook 2006, Volume III — France (Steblez, W.G.).
U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, 2007, in: USGS (France).
Eurostat, 2007, in: USGS, 2008 (France).
Metaleurop, 2007; World Bureau of Metal Statistics, 2007, p. 90,137; International Lead and Zinc Study Group, 2009, in: USGS (2010).
Imerys, 2007, in: USGS 2008 (France).
PR Newswire Europe Ltd., 2006; International Cement Review, 2003, in: USGS 2008 (France).
LCU (2010): table 1 ‘Minerals Policy’ (France).
Kanter and others, 2006, in: USGS 2008 (France).
USGS (2008, 2010): Minerals Yearbook 2008, 2010 Volume III (Spain).
USGS (2008): Minerals Yearbook 2006, Volume III — (Spain).
Sociedad Estatal de Participaciones Industriales, 2006; U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, 2007; U.S. Department of State, 2007, in: USGS 2008 (Spain).
USGS, 2010.
Cambridge Mineral Resources plc, 2007; Encyclopedia of the Nations, 2007, in: USGS 2008 (Spain).
USGS, 2010.
Cambridge Mineral Resources plc, 2007; Ormonde Mining plc, 2007a, b, in: USGS 2008 (Spain).
Sidenor Industrial, S.L., 2007, in: USGS 2008 (Spain).
Rio Narcea Gold Mines Ltd., 2007, in: USGS 2008 (Spain).
Dolley, 2007; Founie, 2007; Miller, 2007; van Oss, 2007, in: USGS (2008.2010), Spain.
Polysius AG, 2007, in: USGS 2008 (Spain).
Grupo Tolsa, 2007, in: USGS 2008 (Spain).
Department of Mining and Tunneling (2004), Final Report, p 121, p 140.
Land Use Consultans (2010): table 1 ‘Minerals Policy’ (Spain).
Department of Mineral Resources and Petroleum Engineering (2010), l.c.
Cambridge Mineral Resources plc, 2007; Federation of International Trade Associations, 2007, in: USGS 2008 (Spain).
Inmet Mining Corp., 2007, in: USGS 2008 (Spain).
Ormonde Mining plc, 2007a, in: USGS 2008 (Spain).
USGS (2010): Minerals Yearbook 2008, Volume III (Portugal).
MBendi Information Services (Pty) Ltd., 2007a; Ober, 2007; Potter, 2007; Shedd, 2007, in: USGS 2008 (Portugal).
Carlin, 2009; Jaskula, 2009; Shedd, 2009, in: USGS (2010), Portugal.
MBendi Information Services (Pty) Ltd., 2007a, in: USGS 2008 (Portugal).
Instituto Nacional de Estatística, 2007; Lundin Mining Corp., 2007a, b, in: USGS 2008 (Portugal).
Primary Metals Inc., 2007, in: USGS 2008 (Portugal).
Primary Metals Inc., 2007, in: USGS 2008 (Portugal).
MBendi Information Services (PTY) LTD., 2007a,b, in: USGS 2008 (Portugal).
Hoover’s, Inc., 2006, in: USGS 2008 (Portugal).
Department of Mining and Tunneling (2008): Final Report, p 121, l.c.
Land Use Consultants (2010): table 2 ‘land use planning’ (Portugal), l.c.
Instituto Nacional de Estatística, 2009; U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, 2009; USGS 2010 (Portugal).
USGS (2008): Minerals Yearbook 2006, Volume III — Romania.
National Institute of Statistics, 2007, p. 1; U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, 2007, in: USGS 2008 (Romania).
USGS (2008): 2006 Minerals Yearbook, (Romania).
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, 2006, in: USGS 2008 (Romania).
Marco Group, 2006, in: USGS 2008 (Romania).
Moreno, 2000, in: USGS 2008 (Romania).
International Iron and Steel Institute, 2007, in: USGS 2010 (Romania).
For further information see Tiess (2011), l.c.
USGS (2008): Minerals Yearbook 2006, Volume III — Bulgaria.
National Statistical Institute, 2007,in: USGS (2008): 2006 Minerals Yearbook, (Bulgaria).
USGS 2008 (Bulgaria).
Metals Insider, 2006, in: USGS 2008 (Bulgaria).
USGS 2008 (Bulgaria).
Further informations see Tiess) (2010), l.c.
USGS 2008 (Bulgaria): Where necessary, values have been converted from European euros (€) to U.S. dollars ($) at an average rate of € 0,758 = $ 1,00.
Sofia Echo, 2006e, in: USGS 2008 (Bulgaria).
Krastanova, 2005, in: USGS 2008 (Bulgaria).
USGS (2008): Minerals Yearbook 2006, Volume III — Greece.
USGS 2008 (Greece).
USGS 2008 (Greece).
S&B Industrial Minerals S.A., 2006a, in: USGS 2008 (Greece).
S&B Industrial Minerals S.A., 2006c, in: USGS 2008 (Greece).
Larco G.M.M S.A., 2006, in: USGS 2008 (Greece).
European Goldfields Ltd., 2007, in: USGS (Greece).
Google Finance, 2006, in: USGS 2008 (Greece).
S&B Industrial Minerals S.A., 2006a, in: USGS 2008 (Greece).
Google Finance, 2006, in: USGS 2008 (Greece).
S&B Industrial Minerals S.A., 2006d, in: USGS 2008 (Greece).
Grecian Magnesite S.A., 2006, in: USGS 2008 (Greece).
LCU (2010): table 2 ‘land use planning’ (Greece).
Russia, though, holds a rank among the Top 10 of the World for a variety of other commodities: cp. Weber/ Zsak, World Mining Data (2008).
Pticyn, A. M., Ljudin, J. K., Polonskij, G. V. (2004): State and measures for strenghtening of mineral and raw material base of Russian metallurgy. Gornyj zurnal, Moscow, Vol 180 (2004), 3, pp. 45–53.
USGS (2008, 2010): Minerals Yearbook 2008, 2010 Volume III (Norway).
Norwegian Geological Survey, 2009b, p. 20, in: USGS (2010), Norway.
Norwegian Geological Survey, 2009c, p. 15, in USGS (2010), Norway.
Nielsen, K. (2004), Country Report Norway, in: Department of Mining and Tunnelling, Minerals Policies and Supply Practices in Europe, University of Leoben.
Nielsen, K. (2004), Country Report Norway, in: Department of Mining and Tunnelling, Minerals Policies and Supply Practices in Europe, University of Leoben.
Department of Mining and Tunneling (2004), Final Report, p 119, lc.
See also Tiess “Legal Basics”, 2011.
USGS (2008): Minerals Yearbook 2006, Volume III — Switzerland.
Swissworld, 2006, in: USGS 2008 (Country report Switzerland), p.1.
HRD — Antwerp World Diamond Centre, 2006, in: USGS 2008 (Country report), p.1.
USGS (2008): 2006 Minerals Yearbook, Switzerland, p.1.
Grob, J. (2005), Die schweizerische Sand-und Kiesindustrie (The Swiss sand and gravel industry), BHM Berg-und Hüttenmännische Zeitschriften [Journal of Mining, Metallurgical, Material, Geotechnical and Planned Engineering], p. 42.
Grob (2005), Die schweizerische Sand-und Kiesindustrie (The Swiss sand and gravel industry), BHM Berg-und Hüttenmännische Zeitschriften l.c., p. 43.
Cp. Tiess, G., Pilgram, R. (2003): Zentrale Aufgabe der Raumplanung: die nachhaltige Sicherung mineralischer Rohstoffe (Important task of land use planning: to ensure sustainable supply with mineral raw materials), BHM Berg-und Hüttenmännische Zeitschriften Zeitschriften [Journal of Mining, Metallurgical, Material, Geotechnical and Planned Engineering], pp. 408–410.
Grob (2005), Zentrale Aufgabe der Raumplanung: die nachhaltige Sicherung mineralischer Rohstoffe (Important task of land use planning: to ensure sustainable supply with mineral raw materials), BHM Berg-und Hüttenmännische Zeitschriften Zeitschriften l.c., p. 45.
USGS (2008): Minerals Yearbook 2006, Volume III — Serbia.
Republicki Zavod za Statistiku Srbije, 2007, p. 126–129, in: USGS (2008).
Republicki Zavod za Statistiku Srbije, 2007, p. 126–129, in USGS (2008).
Rio Tinto plc, 2010, p. 72, 74; Tony Shaffer, Principal Adviser, Media Relations, Rio Tinto plc, written commun., October 15, 2010, in: USGS (2011): Minerals Yearbook 2009 Volume III (Serbia).
For further information see Tiess (2010), l.c.
USGS (2008, 2010): Minerals Yearbook 2008, 2010 Volume III (Albania).
Albinvest, 2009, p. 15, in: USGS (2010), Albania.
DCM DECOmetal GmbH, 2007; 2008a, b; Metal-Pages, 2007, in: USGS 2009 (Albania), p 1.
European Nickel PLC, 2008, in: USGS 2009 (Albania), p 1.
Titan Group, 2008a, p. 52; b, in: USGS 2009 (Albania), p 1.
Grupo Empresarial Aricam, 2008, in: USGS 2009 (Albania), p 1.
LCU (2010): table 1 ‘mineral policy’ (Albania).
Independent Commission for Mines and Minerals, 2005, in: USGS (2010): Minerals Yearbook 2008, Volume III — Kosovo.
Central Bank of the Republic of Kosovo, 2009a p. 20, 22; Statistical Office of Kosovo, 2009, p. 15, in: USGS(2010)
Central Bank of the Republic of Kosovo, 2009b; Republic of Kosovo Ministry of Trade and Industry, 2009, p. 15, in: USGS (2010), Kosovo 2008.
Nelles, 2003, p. 8–9; Palairet, 2003, p. 6, in: USGS (2010), Kosovo 2008.
Kosovar Report, 2005; Kosovo Trust Agency, 2005, p. 5, 20; Mining Journal, 2007; Eurasian Natural Resources Corp., 2008, p. 6, 106; Cunico Resources N.V., 2009; SeeNews, 2009, in: USGS (2010), Kosovo 2008.
For further information see Tiess, (2010), l.c.
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Tiess, G. (2011). View of the minerals policies in selected states of Europe. In: General and International Mineral Policy. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-211-89005-9_5
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