Skip to main content

Integrated Electronic Customer Relationship Management (CRM) for Alpine Tourist Destinations: Drivers and an Adoption Framework

  • Conference paper
Book cover Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2007

Abstract

Integrated customer relationship management (CRM) processes between service providers and destination management organizations (DMOs) are essential to bring about the cooperation enabling a tourism region to remain competitive. While DMOs face the threat of disintermediation and need to respond with higher level services, service providers, particularly small and medium-sized tourism enterprises (SMTEs) have considerable potential within their CRM processes for efficiency improvement. One possible scenario to solve this dilemma would be a partnership between the service providers and the DMO in the field of CRM processes. In this integrative CRM approach the DMO provides both the required information and communication technologies (ICT) infrastructure and the processing of specific tasks. Currently, the outsourcing of CRM processes is hardly practised in the DMO context. The derived research model explains which factors drive the service providers’ intention to increase the outsourcing level, identifies destination management systems (DMS) as enablers of integrated electronic CRM and offers a thorough understanding of the critical factors influencing cooperative CRM between DMOs and SMTEs.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Ajzen, I. (1985). From Intentions to Actions: A Theory of Planned Behavior. In J. Kuhl & J. Beckmann (Eds.). Action-Control: From Cognition to Behavior (pp. 11–39). Heidelberg: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ajzen, I. & Fishbein, M. (1980). Understanding attitudes and predicting social behavior. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Badii, A. & Sharif, A. (2003). Information management and knowledge integration for enterprise innovation. Logistics Information Management, 16(2), 145–155.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baker, S., Bradley, P. & Huyton, J. (1994). Principles of Hotel Front Office Operations. London: Cassell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bieger, T., Laesser, C. & Weinert, R. (2006). Wettbewerbsfähige Strukturen und Aufgabenteilung im BĂĽndner Tourismus-Teil 1: Ausgangslage. St. Gallen: Universität St. Gallen, Institut fĂĽr Ă–ffentliche Dienstleistungen und Tourismus.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buhalis, D. (1996). Enhancing the Competitiveness of Small and Medium-Sized Tourism Enterprises. Electronic Markets, 6(1), 1–6.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buhalis, D. (2000). Marketing the competitive destination of the future. Tourism Management, 21(1), 97–116.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Buhalis, D. & Licata, M.C. (2002). The future eTourism intermediaries. Tourism Management, 23(3), 207–220.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Collins, C. & Buhalis, D. (2003). Destination Management Systems Utilisation in England. In A. J. Frew (Ed.), Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2004 (pp. 202–211). Wien-New York: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cunningham, S. M. (1967). The Major Dimensions of Perceived Risk. In D. F. Cox (Ed.). Risk Taking and Information Handling in Consumer Behaviour (pp. 82–108). Boston: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davis, F. D. (1989). Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use and User Acceptance of Information Technology. MIS Quarterly, 13(3), 318–340.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Day, G. S. (2000). Capabilities for Foreign Customer Relationship Managements, Institution.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dibbern, J. (2004). The Sourcing of Application Software Services: Empirical Evidence of Cultural, Industry and Functional Differences. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dibbern, J., Goles, T., Hirschheim, R. & Jayatilaka, B. (2004). Information Systems Outsourcing: A Survey and Analysis of the Literature. The DATA BASE for Advances in Information Systems, 35(4), 6–102.

    Google Scholar 

  • DiMaggio, P. & Powell, W. (1983). The Iron Cage Revisited: Industrial isomorphism and collective rationality in organizational fields. American Sociological Review, 48(2), 147–160.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dyer, J. H. & Singh, H. (1998). The relational View: Cooperative Strategy and Sources of interorganizational competitive Advantage. Academy of Management Review, 23(4), 660–679.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • E-Business Watch (2005). ICT and Electronic Business in the Tourism Industry, Sector Report No. 09. Salzburg/BrĂĽssel: ETC-eTourism Center, European Commission, Enterprise & Industry Directorate General.

    Google Scholar 

  • Espino-RodrĂ­guez, T. F. & Robaina, V. P. (2005). The management perception of the strategic outsourcing of services: An empirical examination in the hotel sector. Service Industries Journal, 25(5), 689–708.

    Google Scholar 

  • Evans, G. (1999). Networking for Growth and Digital Business: Local Urban Tourism SMTEs and ICT. In Buhalis, D. & Schertler, W. (Eds.), Information and Communications Technologies in Tourism (pp. 247–258). Wien: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Feinberg, R. A., Kadam, R., Hokama, L. & Kim, I. (2002). The state of electronic customer relationship management in retailing. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 30(10), 470–481.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fishbein, M. & Ajzen, I. (1975). Belief, Attitude, Intention, and Behavior: An Introduction to Theory and Research. Addison-Wesley, Reading.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frambach, R. T. & Schillewaert, N. (2002). Organizational innovation adoption A multi-level framework of determinants and opportunities for future research. Journal of Business Research, 55(2), 163–176.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Frey, S., Schegg, R. & Murphy, J. (2003). E-mail customer service in the Swiss hotel industry. Tourism & Hospitality Research, 4(3), 197–212.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gewald, H., WĂĽllenweber, K. & Weitzel, T. (2006). The Influence of Perceived Risks on Banking Managers’ Intention to Outsource Business Processes-A Study of the German Banking and Finance Industry. Journal of Electronic Commerce Research, 7(2), 78–96.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hackman, J. R. & Oldman, G. R. (1976). Motivation through Design of Work. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 16(2), 250–279.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hagel III, J. & Singer, M. (1999). Unbundling the Corporation. Harvard Business Review, 77(2), 133–141.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hirschowitz, A. (2001). Closing the CRM loop: The 21st century marketer’s challenge: Transforming customer insight into customer value. Journal of Targeting, Measurement & Analysis for Marketing, 1(2), 168–178.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Hong, I. B. (2002). A new framework for interorganizational systems based on the linkage of participants’ roles. Information & Management, 39(4), 261–270.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Iacovou, C. L., Benbasat, I. & Dexter, A. S. (1995). Electronic data interchange and small organizations: Adoption and impact of technology. MIS Quarterly, 19(4), 465-.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jeyaraj, A., Rottman, J. W. & Lacity, M. C. (2006). A review of the predictors, linkages, and biases in IT innovation adoption research. Journal of Information Technology, 21(1), 1–23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jurison, J. (1995). The role of risk and return in information technology outsourcing decisions. Journal of Information Technology, 10(4), 239–247.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kline, R. B. (2005). Principles and practice of structural equation modelling. 2nd ed., New York: The Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krueger, N. F., Reilly, M. D. & Carsrud, A. L. (2000). Competing models of entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Business Venturing, 15(5–6), 411–432.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kwon, T. H. & Zmud, R. W. (1987). Unifying the fragmented models of information systems implementation. In R. J. Boland & R. A. Hirschheim (Eds.). Critical issues in information systems research (pp. 227–251). New York: John Wiley & Sons.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lacity, M. C. & Willcocks, L. P. (1998). An empirical investigation of information technology sourcing practices: Lessons from experience. MIS Quarterly, 22(3), 308–363.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, R. D. (2002). Modelling Tourism Impacts Using IT Based Destination Management System. In K. W. Wöber, A. J. Frew, & M. Hitz (Eds.), Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism (pp. 97–104). Wien/New York: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lin, Y. & Su, H.-Y. (2003). Strategic analysis of customer relationship management—a field study on hotel enterprises. Total Quality Management and Business Excellence, 14(6), 715–731.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Luck, D. & Lancaster, G. (2003). E-CRM: customer relationship marketing in the hotel industry. Managerial Auditing Journal, 18(3), 213–231.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • MacPherson, K. (2001). Permission Based E-mail Marketing That Works. Chicago: Dearborn Trade.

    Google Scholar 

  • Matiaske, W. & Mellewigt, T. (2002). Motive, Erfolge und Risiken des Outsourcings-Befunde und Defizite der empirischen Outsourcing-Forschung. Zeitschrift fĂĽr Betriebswirtschaft, 72(6), 641–659.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morrison, A. M., Taylor, S., Morrison, A. J. & Morrison, A. D. (1999). Marketing small hotels on the World Wide Web. Information Technology and Tourism, 2(2), 97–113.

    Google Scholar 

  • Murphy, J., Olaru, D., Schegg, R. & Frey, S. (2003). Swiss Hotels’ Web-site and E-mail Management: The Bandwagon Effect. Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 44(1), 71–87.

    Google Scholar 

  • Palmer, A. & McCole, P. (2000). The role of electronic commerce in creating virtual tourism destination marketing organisations. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 12(3), 198–204.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Paraskevas, A. & Buhalis, D. (2002). Outsourcing IT for small hotels: the opportunities and challenges of using application service providers. The Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 43(2), 27–39.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parvatiyar, A., Sheth, J. N. (2001). Conceptual Framework of Customer Relationship Management. In A. Parvatiyar, J. N. Sheth, & G. Shainesh (Eds.), Customer Relationship Management-Emerging Concepts, Tools and Applications (pp. 3–25). New Dehli: Tata/McGraw-Hill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Payne, A. & Frow, P. (2005). A Strategic Framework for Customer Relationship Management. Journal of Marketing, 69(4), 167–176.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pechlaner, H. & Tschurtschenthaler, P. (2003). Tourism Policy, Tourism Organisations and Change Management in Alpine Regions and Destinations: A European Perspective. Current Issues in Tourism, 6(6), 508–539.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Quinn, J.B. & Hilmer, F. G. (1994). Strategic Outsourcing. MIT Sloan Management Review, 35(4), 43–55.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reinartz, W., Krafft, M. & Hoyer, W. D. (2004). The Customer Relationship Management Process: Its Measurement and Impact on Performance. Journal of Marketing Research, 41(3), 293–305.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rogers, E. M. (1995). Diffusion of innovations. 4, New York: The Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schegg, R., Liebrich, A., Liu, F. & Murphy, J. (2006). eService by Swiss and Austrian Hotels: Does Language Matter? M. Hitz, M. Sigala, & J. Murphy (Eds.), Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2006 (pp. 357–368). Wien/New York: Springer.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Schumacher, J. & Meyer, M. (2004). Customer Relationship Management strukturiert dargestellt. Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Verlag.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schumacker, R.E. & Lomax, R.G. (1996). A beginner’s guide to structural equation modeling. Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum.

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Shaw, R. & Reed, D. (1999). Measuring and Valuing Customer Relationships: How to Develop the Measures That Drive Profitable CRM Strategies. London: Business Intelligence.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tan, M. & Raman, K. (2002). Interorganizational Systems and Transformation of Interorganizational Relationships: A Relational Perspective, in: Applegate, L. et al. (Hrsg), International Conference on Information Systems 2002, Barcelona

    Google Scholar 

  • Williamson, O. E. (1998). The Economic Institutions of Capitalism: Firms, Markets, Relational Contracting. New York: Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • WTO (2004). Survey of Destination Management Organisations, 2004.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zikmund, W. G., McLeod, R. & Gilbert, F. W. (2003). Customer Relationship Management: Integrating Marketing Strategy and Information Technology. Hoboken: Wiley, John & Sons, Inc.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2007 Springer-Verlag Wien

About this paper

Cite this paper

Fux, M., Mathieu, D.S., Go, F. (2007). Integrated Electronic Customer Relationship Management (CRM) for Alpine Tourist Destinations: Drivers and an Adoption Framework. In: Sigala, M., Mich, L., Murphy, J. (eds) Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2007. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-211-69566-1_38

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-211-69566-1_38

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Vienna

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-211-69564-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-211-69566-1

Publish with us

Policies and ethics