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Trimodal nanoelectrode array for precise deep brain stimulation: prospects of a new technology based on carbon nanofiber arrays

  • Chapter
Operative Neuromodulation

Part of the book series: Acta Neurochirurgica Supplements ((NEUROCHIRURGICA,volume 97/2))

Abstract

Although deep brain stimulation (DBS) has recently been shown to be effective for neurological disorders such as Parkinson’s disease, there are many limitations of the current technology: the large size of current microelectrodes (∼1mm diameter); the lack of monitoring of local brain electrical activity and neurotransmitters (e.g. dopamine in Parkinson’s disease); the open-loop nature of the stimulation (i.e. not guided by brain electrochemical activity). Reducing the size of the monitoring and stimulating electrodes by orders of magnitude (to the size of neural elements) allows remarkable improvements in both monitoring (spatial resolution, temporal resolution, and sensitivity) and stimulation. Carbon nanofiber nanoelectrode technology offers the possibility of trimodal arrays (monitoring electrical activity, monitoring neurotransmitter levels, precise stimulation). DBS can then be guided by changes in brain electrical activity and/or neurotransmitter levels (i.e. closed-loop DBS). Here, we describe the basic manufacture and electrical characteristics of a prototype nanoelectrode array for DBS, as well as preliminary studies with electroconductive polymers necessary to optimize DBS in vivo. An approach such as the nanoelectrode array described here may offer a generic electrical-neural interface for use in various neural prostheses.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Nanotechnology, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA

    J. Li & Russell J. Andrews

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  1. J. Li
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  2. Russell J. Andrews
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Correspondence to Russell J. Andrews .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurosurgery, University of Athens, Athens, Greece

    Damianos E. Sakas

  2. University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK

    Brian A. Simpson

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© 2007 Springer-Verlag

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Li, J., Andrews, R.J. (2007). Trimodal nanoelectrode array for precise deep brain stimulation: prospects of a new technology based on carbon nanofiber arrays. In: Sakas, D.E., Simpson, B.A. (eds) Operative Neuromodulation. Acta Neurochirurgica Supplements, vol 97/2. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-211-33081-4_62

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-211-33081-4_62

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Vienna

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-211-33080-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-211-33081-4

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

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