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A first (and significantly shorter) overview was published earlier this year: B.A. Koch, Mainstreams in the Development of European Tort Law: A Front-Line Snapshot, The Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance — Issues and Practice 31 (2006) 270.
See infra no. 18.
I. Strnad/ R. Lampe, Slovenia, YB 2002, 364 (no. 1 ff.).
I. Kull, Estonia, YB 2004, 248 (no. 1 ff.); see also id., Estonia (supra 251), no. 1 ff.
H. Gabartas/ M. Laučienė, Lithuania, YB 2004, 405 (no. 1).
J. Hrádek, Czech Republic (supra 186), no. 1 ff.
E. Bagińska, Poland, YB 2002, 329 (no. 1); id., Poland, YB 2003, 316 (no. 1); id., Poland, YB 2004, 462 (no. 1).
A. Menyhárd, Hungary, YB 2002, 252 (no. 1).
See, e.g., A. Menyhárd, Hungary, YB 2002, no. 1: “The aim of the codification is not to introduce revolutionary changes to Hungarian private law...”; I. Strnad/R. Lampe, Slovenia, YB 2002, no. 1: “The Slovenian Code of Obligations rests on the continuity of the law of obligations...”; but see H. Gabartas/M. Laučienė, Lithuania, YB 2004, no. 1: “The new Lithuanian Civil Code has significantly modified formerly known institutes of civil law...”.
Secondary victims can only claim damages for non-pecuniary loss if they themselves have suffered some personal injury (such as mental trauma), not for mere bereavement: H. Sandell, Sweden, YB 2001, 442 (no. 1 ff.); id., Sweden, YB 2002, 393 (no. 1 ff.).
H. Sandell, Denmark, YB 2001, 124 (no. 1).
V. Ulfbeck, Denmark, YB 2002, 136 (no. 2).
J. Norio-Timonen, Finland, YB 2001, 176 (no. 1 ff.); id., Finland, YB 2002, 166 (no. 1 ff.); id., Finland, YB 2003, 144 (no. 1 ff.); S. Hakalehto-Wainio, Finland, YB 2004, 264 (no. 1–2).
J. Norio-Timonen, Finland, YB 2001, no. 3; case examples are given by J. Norio-Timonen, Finland, YB 2002, no. 18 ff.
J. Fedtke, Germany, YB 2001, 229 (no. 1 ff.); id., Germany, YB 2002, 206 (no. 1 ff.).
P. Loser, Switzerland, YB 2002, 407 (no. 1 ff., with the translated text of the draft in the Appendix 423 ff.); id., Switzerland, YB 2004, 583 (no. 1).
B. C. Steininger, Austria (supra 118), no. 1 ff. (with a translation of the proposed text 142 ff.).
O. Moréteau, France (supra 270), no. 1 ff.
I. Kull, Estonia, YB 2004, no. 8 ff.; D. Droshout, Belgium, YB 2002, 89 (no. 12 ff.); id., Belgium, YB 2003, 60 (no. 1 ff.); A. Dulak, Slovakia, YB 2003, 351 (no. 7 ff.); E. Bagińska, Poland, YB 2004, no. 1 ff.; H. Gabartas/M. Laučienė, Lithuania, YB 2004, no. 10; A. Bitāns, Latvia (supra 380), no. 1 ff.
M. Faure/ T. Hartlief, The Netherlands, YB 2002, 305 (no. 12).
J. Hrádek, Czech Republic (supra 186), no. 63 ff.; J. Fedtke, Germany (supra 281), no. 7 ff.; E. Quill, Ireland (supra 348), no. 32 ff.; E. Bargelli, Italy (supra 368), no. 8 ff.; cf. R. Lampe, Slovenia (supra 516), no. 30–32.
See, e.g., B.C. Steininger, Austria, YB 2003, 34 (no. 27 ff.); V. Ulfbeck, Denmark, YB 2003, 105 (no. 24–26); M. Faure/T. Hartlief, The Netherlands, YB 2003, 278 (no. 37 ff.); id., The Netherlands, YB 2004, 420 (no. 6 ff.); id., The Netherlands (supra 186), no. 56; E. Bagińska, Poland, YB 2003, no. 7 ff., no. 30 ff.; J. Ribot, Spain, YB 2004, 538 (no. 43 ff.).
See, e.g., the 2001 Italian statute allowing for damages in cases of excessive duration of a trial: E. Navaretta/ E. Bargelli, Italy, YB 2001, 335 (no. 10 ff.; 38 ff.); E. Bargelli, Italy, YB 2003, 266 (no. 32 ff.). See also J. Hrádek, Czech Republic (supra 186), no. 86 ff.; H. Andersson, Sweden (supra 557), no. 3 ff., no. 25 ff.
An example for a court properly denying liability is given by A. Pereira, Portugal, YB 2004, 479 (no. 47 ff.). See also H. Sandell, Sweden, YB 2001, no. 28–30.
J. Ribot, Spain, YB 2004, no. 27 ff.
B. A. Koch, European Union, YB 2003, 435 (no. 41 ff.).
On the various responses to the risks of terrorism, see B.A. Koch (ed.), Terrorism, Tort Law, and Insurance (2004); on catastrophic losses in general M. Faure/T. Hartlief (eds.), Financial Compensation for Victims of Catastrophes (2006).
J. Ribot/ A. Ruda, Spain (supra 528), no. 4–6.
J. Ribot/ A. Ruda, Spain (supra 528), no. 7–8.
Cf. M. Faure/ T. Hartlief, The Netherlands, YB 2001, no. 3. For further details on the compensation schemes applied to this case, see M. Faure/T. Hartlief, The Netherlands, in: Faure/Hartlief (fn. 28) 195 (no. 39 ff.).
See Koch (fn. 28).
M. Lunney/ K. Oliphant, Tort Law (2nd ed. 2003) 129. Cf., e.g., K. Oliphant, England and Wales (supra 221), no. 27 ff.
See, e.g., the outrageous amounts awarded to Princess Caroline of Monaco and her family: J. Fedtke, Germany, YB 2004, 300 (no. 11 ff.); cf. id., Germany (supra 281), no. 27 ff. See also A. Pereira, Portugal (supra 483), no. 85 ff.; R. Lampe, Slovenia (supra 516), no. 18 ff.
B.C. Steininger, Austria, YB 2003, no. 1 ff. Other legislation in this field — though not necessarily equally troublesome — was passed in Latvia last year: see A. Bitāns, Latvia (supra 380), no. 31–32.
J. Fedtke, Germany (supra 281), no. 32.
This is indeed answered in the affirmative by Spanish courts: M. García Rubio/ J. Lete, Spain, YB 2002, 380 (no. 27 ff.).
See, e.g., Y. Lambert-Faivre, L’indemnisation du dommage corporel, http://www.justice.gouv.fr/publicat/syntheseindemcorp.pdf (accessed 10 January 2006).
See, e.g., B.C. Steininger, Austria, YB 2003, no. 63 ff.; J. Fedtke, Germany, YB 2002, no. 12 ff.; E. Navarretta/E. Bargelli, Italy, YB 2002, 290 (no. 32 ff.); E. Bagińska, Poland, YB 2004, no. 19 ff.; id., Poland (supra 457), no. 74; A. Pereira, Portugal, YB 2002, 345 (no. 21 ff.); P. Loser, Switzerland (supra 578), no. 9–11. One exception may be Spain, where a claim of such kind was denied in a 2002 case, but at least partly acknowledged in a 2003 decision: M. García Rubio/J. Lete, Spain, YB 2002, no. 2 ff.; J. Ribot/A. Ruda, Spain, YB 2003, 383 (no. 50 ff.).
Cf. E. Bagińska, Poland (supra 457), no. 74 ff. (no. 83).
See, e.g., E. Bagińska, Poland, YB 2004, no. 19 ff.; A. Pereira, Portugal, YB 2002, no. 21 ff.
O. Massot, France, YB 2001, 191 (no. 22 ff.).
P. Brun, France, YB 2002, 179 (no. 17 ff.).
M. Faure/ T. Hartlief, The Netherlands (supra 414), no. 15–16; A. Menyhárd, Hungary (supra 332), no. 9–11. Cf. E. Bagińska, Poland (supra 457), no. 83. See also a Belgian lower court decision presented by D. Droshout, Belgium, YB 2002, no. 53 ff.
For the developments before the first yearbook publication, see W.V.H. Rogers (ed.), Damages for Non-Pecuniary Loss in a Comparative Perspective (2001).
A. Pereira, Portugal, YB 2002, no. 6 ff.; id., Portugal, YB 2003, 333 (no. 50 ff.).
E. Dacoronia, Greece, YB 2001, 269 (no. 41 ff.); id., Greece, YB 2002, 231 (no. 53 ff.); id., Greece, YB 2004, 327 (no. 46 ff.).
E. Dacoronia, Greece (supra 306), no. 62 ff. (in particular no. 65, 70, 74).
B.C. Steininger, Austria (supra 118), no. 44 ff. See also S. Hakalehto-Wainio, Finland, YB 2004, no. 12 ff. (five months old).
See, e.g., B.C. Steininger, Austria, YB 2002, no. 52 ff.; id., Austria (supra 118), no. 41–43; J. Norio-Timonen, Finland, YB 2003, no. 28 ff.
On the other hand, if a strong emotional bond is proven otherwise, the test can also work in favour of the claimant: Cf. B.C. Steininger, Austria, YB 2004, 142 (no. 25 ff.).
Cf. M. Faure/ T. Hartlief, The Netherlands, YB 2002, no. 24 ff.
See, e.g., B.C. Steininger, Austria, YB 2001, 58 (no. 51 ff.).
See, e.g., M. Faure/ T. Hartlief, The Netherlands, YB 2002, no. 24 ff.
See, e.g., B.C. Steininger, Austria, YB 2001, no. 69 ff. See also the Scandinavian examples mentioned supra no. 7.
See, e.g., E. Dacoronia, Greece, YB 2002, no. 39, 46 ff.; id., Greece (supra 306), no. 52, 54–55, 57.
B.A. Koch/ H. Koziol, Comparative Analysis, in: B.A. Koch/ H. Koziol (eds.), Compensation for Personal Injury in a Comparative Perspective (2003) 407 (no. 58). See, e.g., E. Navarretta/E. Bargelli, Italy, YB 2002, no. 23 ff.; E. Bargelli, Italy, YB 2003, no. 3 ff.; I. Strnad/R. Lampe, Slovenia, YB 2002, no. 21 ff., 38 ff.; M. GarcÍa Rubio/J. Lete, Spain, YB 2002, no. 34–36. See also H. Gabartas/M. Laučienė, Lithuania (supra 399), no. 13 ff.
A. Pereira, Portugal (supra 483), no. 34 ff. But see ibid., no. 31–33.
See, e.g., the Scandinavian countries mentioned supra no. 7; or I. Strnad/ R. Lampe, Slovenia, YB 2002, no. 21 ff.
See, e.g., H. Sandell, Denmark, YB 2001, no. 6; id., Sweden, YB 2002, no. 6 (statutory minimum).
The latter is the case, for example, in England or in the Czech Republic: K. Oliphant, England and Wales, YB 2002, 142 (no. 1); id., England and Wales, YB 2004, 227 (no. 1); J. Hrádek, Czech Republic, YB 2004, 195 (no. 8 ff.). See also the Dutch legislative draft: M. Faure/T. Hartlief, The Netherlands (supra 414), no. 4.
See, e.g., J. Hrádek, Czech Republic (supra 186), no. 32 ff.; id., Czech Republic, YB 2004, no. 8 ff.
Koch/ Koziol H. Koziol (eds.), Compensation for Personal Injury in a Comparative Perspective (2003) (fn. 57) no. 69–71. As to the Netherlands, see also M. Faure/T. Hartlief, The Netherlands, YB 2001, 353 (no. 11–13); id., The Netherlands, YB 2002, no. 24 ff.; id., The Netherlands (supra 414), no. 4.
See only E. Bagińska, Poland, YB 2001, 378 (no. 41 ff.).
B.C. Steininger, Austria, YB 2002, 66 (no. 31 ff.). Cf. id., Austria, YB 2001, no. 36 ff.
J. Fedtke, Germany, YB 2001, no. 46 ff.
Supra fn. 45.
Http://www.egtl.org.
J. Spier (ed.), The Limits of Liability: Keeping the Floodgates Shut (1996). See also id. (ed.), The Limits of Expanding Liability: Eight Fundamental Cases in a Comparative Perspective (1998).
This was already the conclusion in earlier comparative reports: H. Koziol, Comparative Remarks, YB 2001, 517 (no. 29); B.A. Koch, Comparative Remarks, YB 2002, 512 (no. 57).
But see, e.g., the French legislative measures against awards for wrongful birth mentioned supra at fn. 43.
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Koch, B.A. (2006). Comparative Overview. In: Koziol, H., Steininger, B.C. (eds) European Tort Law 2005. Tort and Insurance Law, vol 2005. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-211-31136-3_32
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