Abstract
Normal vasculature development of the central nervous system is extremely important because patients with vascular malformations are at life-threatening risk for intracranial hemorrhage or cerebral ischemia. The etiology and pathogenesis of abnormal vasculature development in the central nervous system are unknown, and progress is hampered by the lack of animal models for human cerebrovascular diseases. Here, we report our current study on cerebral microvascular dysplasia (CMVD) development. Using vascular endothelial growth factor hyper-stimulation, we demonstrated that aberrant microvessels could be developed in the rodent brain under certain conditions (such as genetic deficient background, local cytokine and chemokine release, or exogenous vessel dilating stimulation) that may speed up focal angiogenesis and lead to cerebral vascular dysplasia.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Bederson JB, Wiestler OD, Brüstle O, Roth P, Frick R, Yasargil MG (1991) Intracranial venous hypertension and the effects of venous outflow obstruction in a rat model of arteriovenous fistula. Neuro-surgery 29: 341–350
Carmeliet P (2005) Angiogenesis in life, disease and medicine. Nature 438: 932–936
Chaloupka JC, Viñuela F, Robert J, Duckwiler GR (1994) An in vivo arteriovenous malformation model in swine: preliminary feasibility and natural history study. Am J Neuroradiol 15: 945–950
Choudhri TF, Baker KZ, Winfree CJ, Hoh BL, Simon A, Solomon RA, Berman M, Connolly ES (1997) Intraoperative mild hypothermia is not associated with increased craniotomy wound infection rate or length of hospitalization. Surg Forum 48: 548–551
David L, Mallet C, Mazerbourg S, Feige JJ, Bailly S (2007) Identification of BMP9 and BMP10 as functional activators of the orphan activin receptor-like kinase 1 (ALK1) in endothelial cells. Blood 109: 1953–1961
De Mey JG, Schiffers PM, Hilgers RH, Sanders MM (2005) Toward functional genomics of flow-induced outward remodeling of resistance arteries. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 288: H1022–H1027
Fan Y, Yang GY (2007) Therapeutic angiogenesis for brain ischemia: a brief review. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2: 284–289
Gallione CJ, Richards JA, Letteboer TG, Rushlow D, Prigoda NL, Leedom TP, Ganguly A, Castells A, Ploos van Amstel JK, Westermann CJ, Pyeritz RE, Marchuk DA (2006) SMAD4 mutations found in unselected HHT patients. J Med Genet 43: 793–797
Gao E, Young WL, Ornstein E, Pile-Spellman J, Ma Q (1997) A theoretical model of cerebral hemodynamics: application to the study of arteriovenous malformations. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 17: 905–918
Guttmacher AE, Marchuk DA, White RI Jr (1995) Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. N Engl J Med 333: 918–924
Hashimoto T, Young WL (2004) Roles of angiogenesis and vascular remodeling in brain vascular malformations. Semin Cerebrovasc Dis Stroke 4: 217–225
Hashimoto T, Wu Y, Lawton MT, Yang GY, Barbaro NM, Young WL (2005) Co-expression of angiogenic factors in brain arteriovenous malformations. Neurosurgery 56: 1058–1065
Herman JM, Spetzler RF, Bederson JB, Kurbat JM, Zabramski JM (1995) Genesis of a dural arteriovenous malformation in a rat model. J Neurosurg 83: 539–545
Kawasaki K, Smith RS Jr, Hsieh CM, Sun J, Chao J, Liao JK (2003) Activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase Akt pathway mediates nitric oxide-induced endothelial cell migration and angiogenesis. Mol Cell Biol 23: 5726–5737
Kutluk K, Schumacher M, Mironov A (1991) The role of sinus thrombosis in occipital dural arteriovenous malformations-development and spontaneous closure. Neurochirurgia (Stuttg) 34: 144–147
Lawton MT, Jacobowitz R, Spetzler RF (1997) Redefined role of angiogenesis in the pathogenesis of dural arteriovenous malformations. J Neurosurg 87: 267–274
Lim M, Cheshier S, Steinberg GK (2006) New vessel formation in the central nervous system during tumor growth, vascular malformations, and Moyamoya. Curr Neurovasc Res 3: 237–245
Marchuk DA, Srinivasan S, Squire TL, Zawistowski JS (2003) Vascular morphogenesis: tales of two syndromes. Hum Mol Genet 12: R97–R112
Massoud TF, Ji C, Viñuela F, Guglielmi G, Robert J, Duckwiler GR, Gobin YP (1994) An experimental arteriovenous malformation model in swine: anatomic basis and construction technique. Am J Neuroradiol 15: 1537–1545
Massoud TF, Ji C, Vinuela F, Turjman F, Guglielmi G, Duckwiler GR, Gobin YP (1996) Laboratory simulations and training in endovascular embolotherapy with a swine arteriovenous malformation model. Am J Neuroradiol 17: 271–279
Morgan MK, Anderson RE, Sundt TM Jr (1989) The effects of hyperventilation on cerebral blood flow in the rat with an open and closed carotid-jugular fistula. Neurosurgery 25: 606–612
Morgan MK, Anderson RE, Sundt TM Jr (1989) A model of the pathophysiology of cerebral arteriovenous malformations by a carotid-jugular fistula in the rat. Brain Res 496: 241–250
Murayama Y, Massoud TF, Viñuela F (1998) Hemodynamic changes in arterial feeders and draining veins during embolotherapy of arteriovenous malformations: an experimental study in a swine model. Neurosurgery 43: 96–106
Nagasawa S, Kawanishi M, Kondoh S, Kajimoto S, Yamaguchi K, Ohta T (1996) Hemodynamic simulation study of cerebral arteriovenous malformations. Part 2. Effects of impaired autoregulation and induced hypotension. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 16: 162–169
Ozawa CR, Banfi A, Glazer NL, Thurston G, Springer ML, Kraft PE, McDonald DM, Blau HM (2004) Microenvironmental VEGF concentration, not total dose, determines a threshold between normal and aberrant angiogenesis. J Clin Invest 113: 516–527
Pietilä TA, Zabramski JM, Thállier-Janko A, Duveneck K, Bichard WD, Brock M, Spetzler RF (2000) Animal model for cerebral arteriovenous malformation. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 142: 1231–1240
Quick CM, Leonard EF, Young WL (2002) Adaptation of cerebral circulation to brain arteriovenous malformations increases feeding artery pressure and decreases regional hypotension. Neurosurgery 50: 167–175
Scharpfenecker M, van Dinther M, Liu Z, van Bezooijen RL, Zhao Q, Pukac L, Löwik CW, ten Dijke P (2007) BMP-9 signals via ALK1 and inhibits bFGF-induced endothelial cell proliferation and VEGF-stimulated angiogenesis. J Cell Sci 120: 964–972
Scott BB, McGillicuddy JE, Seeger JF, Kindt GW, Giannotta SL (1978) Vascular dynamics of an experimental cerebral arteriovenous shunt in the primate. Surg Neurol 10: 34–38
Spetzler RF, Wilson CB, Weinstein P, Mehdorn M, Townsend J, Telles D (1978) Normal perfusion pressure breakthrough theory. Clin Neurosurg 25: 651–672
Stiver SI, Tan X, Brown LF, Hedley-Whyte ET, Dvorak HF (2004) VEGF-A angiogenesis induces a stable neovasculature in adult murine brain. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 63: 841–855
Terada T, Higashida RT, Halbach VV, Dowd CF, Tsuura M, Komai N, Wilson CB, Hieshima GB (1994) Development of acquired arteriovenous fistulas in rats due to venous hypertension. J Neurosurg 80: 884–889
TerBrugge KG, Lasjaunias P, Hallacq P (1991) Experimental models in interventional neuroradiology. Am J Neuroradiol 12: 1029–1033
Xu B, Wu YQ, Huey M, Arthur HM, Marchuk DA, Hashimoto T, Young WL, Yang GY (2004) Vascular endothelial growth factor induces abnormal microvasculature in the endoglin heterozygous mouse brain. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 24: 237–244
Yang GY, Betz AL (1994) Reperfusion-induced injury to the blood-brain barrier after middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats. Stroke 25: 1658–1665
Yu J, deMuinck ED, Zhuang Z, Drinane M, Kauser K, Rubanyi GM, Qian HS, Murata T, Escalante B, Sessa WC (2005) Endothelial nitric oxide synthase is critical for ischemic remodeling, mural cell recruitment, and blood flow reserve. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102: 10999–11004
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2008 Springer-Verlag
About this paper
Cite this paper
Su, H. et al. (2008). Development of a cerebral microvascular dysplasia model in rodents. In: Zhou, LF., et al. Cerebral Hemorrhage. Acta Neurochirurgica Supplementum, vol 105. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-211-09469-3_36
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-211-09469-3_36
Publisher Name: Springer, Vienna
Print ISBN: 978-3-211-09468-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-211-09469-3
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)