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Methylation of DNA in Prokaryotes

  • Chapter
DNA Methylation

Part of the book series: EXS ((EXS,volume 64))

Abstract

A much wider variety of biological functions of postreplicative DNA methylation is observed in prokaryotes than in eukaryotes. In eukaryotes DNA methylation is primarily a means of the control of gene expression. Many chapters of this book are devoted to various aspects of this function. In prokaryotes, DNA methylation affects such diverse phenomena as determination of accessibility of DNA to digestion by endonucleases, control of initiation of DNA replication, and the definition of origins of packaging in the maturation of phage DNA, which will be dealt with in this article. We shall also be concerned with the enzymes, which facilitate methylation, the DNA methyltransferases. In the eukaryotes, as far as we know at this time, the various DNA methyltranferases encountered represent a rather homogeneous group, whereas in prokaryotes, we find a very diverse set of DNA methyltransferases. Beyond their biological significance, DNA methyltransferases represent a remarkable class of enzymes in their own right. Not only are they paradigms for sequence specific DNA binding proteins, but they also show specificity in their catalytic interaction with defined DNA sequences. Furthermore, their universal distribution, the multitude of enzymes with different or identical specificities observed among prokaryotes and the obligatory coexistence of isospecific restriction and methylating enzymes in restriction/modification systems make DNA methyltransferases choice candidates for evolutionary studies.

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Abbreviations

A:

adenine

bp:

base pair(s)

C:

cytosine

ENase:

restriction endonuclease

G:

guanine

5-mC:

5-methylcytosine

MTase:

DNA methyltransferase

N:

non defined base or nucleotide

N6-mA:

N6-methyladenine

N4-mC:

N4-methylcytosine

R:

purine

SAM:

S-adenosyl-methionine

SAH:

S-adenosyl-homocysteine

T:

thymine

TRD:

Target recognizing domain

U:

uracil

wt:

wild type

Y:

pyrimidine

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  1. Max-Planck-Institut für molekulare Genetik, Ihnestr 73, DW-1000, Berlin 33, Germany

    Mario Noyer-Weidner & Thomas A. Trautner

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Noyer-Weidner, M., Trautner, T.A. (1993). Methylation of DNA in Prokaryotes. In: Jost, JP., Saluz, HP. (eds) DNA Methylation. EXS, vol 64. Birkhäuser Basel. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-9118-9_4

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