Summary
The intestine is exposed continually to dietary toxicants, and it utilizes GSH and GSH-dependent enzyme systems in detoxication of these agents. Recent studies show that enterocytes take up GSH intact and use it to increase degradation of dietary lipid hydroperoxides, enhance GSH S-conjugation of electrophiles, and prevent oxidative injury. The intestine also has a mechanism (i.e., mucosal cysteine secretion) to reduce luminal GSSG to GSH, thereby making more GSH available to enterocytes. Additionally, GSH is transported from lumen to blood to increase plasma GSH concentration. Given the ability of various organ systems to use extracellular (i.e., plasma) GSH for chemical detoxication, increased daily intake of GSH in the diet or from oral therapy may be useful in disease prevention.
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Dahm, L.J., Samiec, P.S., Eley, J.W., Flagg, E.W., Coates, R.J., Jones, D.P. (1993). Utilization Of Oral Glutathione. In: Poli, G., Albano, E., Dianzani, M.U. (eds) Free Radicals: from Basic Science to Medicine. Molecular and Cell Biology Updates. Birkhäuser Basel. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-9116-5_42
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