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Light-transduction in photoreceptors

  • Chapter
Bioelectrochemistry of Cells and Tissues

Part of the book series: Bioelectrochemistry: Principles and Practice ((BPP,volume 2))

Abstract

Photoreceptor cells are special sensory cells which convert light to an electrical signal. The absorption of a photon by a rhodopsin molecule triggers a sequence of chemical processes leading to a change in the membrane potential of the photoreceptors. This electrical signal is conducted by the cable-like axon to the nervous system. The nervous system processes and interprets the electrical signals. The complex light transduction mechanism in the photoreceptor cell functions as a biological amplifier. The energy which is released upon excitation of a visual cell is provided not by the light stimulus, but by the metabolism of the cell. Light triggers only the excitation and controls the open-close conformation of ion channels in the cell membrane. At the highest sensitivity of the photoreceptor, the energy of the stimulus may be 10−6 times smaller than the metabolic energy production in the cell. Even a single photon is able to stimulate a cell. With high intensity of the test stimulus the sensitivity and thus the gain of the amplifier of the cell is lower.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut für Biologie II der Rheinisch-Westfälischen Technischen Hochschule Aachen, Aachen, Germany

    Károly Nagy & Hennig Stieve

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  1. Károly Nagy
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  2. Hennig Stieve
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 70, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland

    Dieter Walz

  2. IMB-BEC, POB 100 813, D-07708, Jena, Germany

    Hermann Berg Ph.D. (Emeritus Professor) (Emeritus Professor)

  3. Bioelectrochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, D-07708, Jena, Germany

    Hermann Berg Ph.D. (Emeritus Professor) (Emeritus Professor)

  4. Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy

    Giulio Milazzo (Professor) (Professor)

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Nagy, K., Stieve, H. (1995). Light-transduction in photoreceptors. In: Walz, D., Berg, H., Milazzo, G. (eds) Bioelectrochemistry of Cells and Tissues. Bioelectrochemistry: Principles and Practice, vol 2. Birkhäuser Basel. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-9063-2_3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-9063-2_3

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