Summary
As compared to cultivated rat cortical neurons, cultivated glial cells have a much higher potential to degrade neuropeptides by proteolytic cleavage. Rat microglial cells in culture cleave neuropeptides by action of plasma membrane-bound aminopeptidase N and plasmin/plasminogen activators released into the medium. Cultivated astrocytes catabolize preferentially medium chain length peptides like neurotensin, bradykinin, substance P or somatostatin. By comparison of substrate specificity, influence of inhibitors and immunostaining, endopeptidases 24.15 and 24.16 were identified to be responsible for this cleavage. Since astrocytes embrace neurons and their synapses, these astrocytic proteases appear to be relevant to inactivate neuropeptides after their release in the central nervous system.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Barrett, A.J., Brown, M.A., Dando, P.M., Knight, C.G., McKie, N., Rawlings, N.D. and Serizawa, A. (1995) Thimet oligopeptidases and oligopeptidase M or neurolysin. Methods Enzymol. 248: 529–556.
Checler, F. (1993) Neuropeptide-degrading peptidases. In: S. H. Parvez, M. Naoi, T. Nagatsu and S. Parvez (eds.): Methods in Neuropeptide Research, Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam, pp. 375–418.
Checler, F., Vincent, J.P. and Kitabgi, P. (1986) Purification and characterization of a novel neurotensindegrading peptidase from rat brain synaptic membranes. J. Biol. Chem. 261: 11274–11281.
Dahms, P. and Mentlein, R. (1992) Purification of the main somatostatin-degrading proteases from rat and pig brains, their action on other neuropeptides, and their identification as endopeptidases 24.15 and 24.16. Eur. J Biochem. 208: 145–154.
Gamier, C., van Rietschoten, J., Kitabgi, P., Poustis, C. and Freychet, P. (1982) Synthesis and characterizationof neurotensin analogues for structure/activity relationship studies. Eur. J Biochem. 124: 117–125.
Gebicke-Haerter, P. J., Bauer, J., Schobert, A. and Northoff, H. (1989) Lippolysaccharide-free conditions in primary astrocyte cultures allow growth and isolation of microglial cells. J. Neurosci. 9: 183–194.
Hansson, E. (1988) Astroglia from defined brain regions as studied with primary cultures. Progr. Neurobiol. 30: 369–397.
Horsthemke, B. and Bauer, K. (1980) Characterization of a nonchymotrypsin-like endopeptidase from anterior pituitary that hydrolyzes luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone at the tyrosyl-glycine and histidyltryptophan bonds. Biochemistry 19: 2867–2873.
Horsthemke, B., Hamprecht, B. and Bauer, K. (1984) Degradation of substance P by neurones and glial cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 125: 728–733.
Krisch, B. and Mentlein, R. (1989) The bifunctional role of pro-opiomelanocortin derivatives in the mediobasal hypothalamus: of the rat. Z. mikrosk. anal. Forsch. 103: 861–876.
Krisch, B. and Mentlein, R. (1994) Neuropeptide receptors and astrocytes. Int. Rev. Cytol. 148: 119–169.
Lucius, R. and Mentlein, R. (1991) Degradation of the neuropeptide somatostatin by cultivated neuronal and glial cells. J. Biol. Chem. 266: 18907–18913.
Lucius, R. and Mentlein, R. (1995) Development of a culture system for pure rat neurons: advantages of a sandwich technique. Ann. Anat. 177: 447–454.
Lucius, R., Sievers, J. and Mentlein, R. (1995) Enkephalin metabolism by microglia aminopeptidase N (CD13). J. Neurochem. 64: 1841–1847.
Lucius, R., Sievers, J. and Mentlein, R. (1995) Enkephalin metabolism by microglia aminopeptidase N (CD13). J. Neurochem. 64: 1841–1847.
McCarthy, K. D. and de Vellis, J. (1980) Preparation of separate astroglial and oligodendroglial cultures from rat cerebral tissue. J. Cell Biol. 85: 890–902.
Mentlein, R., von Kolszynski, M., Sprang, R. and Lucius, R. (1990b) Proline-specific proteases in cultivated neuronal and glial cells. Brain Res. 527: 159–162.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1996 Birkhäuser Verlag Basel/Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Mentlein, R., Dahms, P., Lucius, R., Plogmann, D. (1996). The function of glial cells in the inactivation of neuropeptides. In: Krisch, B., Mentlein, R. (eds) The Peptidergic Neuron. Advances in Life Sciences. Birkhäuser Basel. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-9010-6_12
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-9010-6_12
Publisher Name: Birkhäuser Basel
Print ISBN: 978-3-0348-9866-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-0348-9010-6
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive