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Evolutionary consequences of postglacial colonization of fresh water by primitively anadromous fishes

  • Chapter
Evolutionary Ecology of Freshwater Animals

Part of the book series: EXS ((EXS,volume 82))

Summary

Anadromous fish breed in fresh water and spend most of their life cycle in the ocean. Thus, they have ample opportunity to colonize fresh water, which is favored when the cost of migration exceeds the value of marine food resources. Déglaciation of the boreal Holarctic has created countless opportunities to colonize fresh water, where strongly contrasting environmental conditions have favored rapid endemic radiation. We focus on radiation of the threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus), but review radiation of lampreys (Petro-myzontiformes), several salmonids (char, trout, salmon, whitefish), rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax), and other groups.

Repeated colonization of freshwater and rapid phenotypic evolution are general features of these radiations. Trophic diversification is typically the most important component of radiation, but life history, body form (in relation to locomotion), and predator avoidance phenotypes also diversify. Lake fish often specialize for use of either plankton or benthic prey, and it sometimes results in formation of species pairs or trophic polymorphism. Loss of parasitism is a special feature of lamprey radiation, and diversification of bony armor phenotypes is peculiar to sticklebacks. Low diversity of sympatric species from postglacial freshwater radiations probably does not just reflect the youth of boreal habitats, but may result from the small number of climatic cycles since déglaciation. Climatic cycles cause fusion and fragmentation of lakes and create opportunities for allopatric speciation and secondary contact. Complexes of anadromous fishes and their freshwater isolates probably form phylogenetic racemes in which anadromous populations are a phenotypically stable, phylogenetically continuous ancestor from which predictable sets of divergent, freshwater phenotypes have evolved repeatedly.

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  1. Abteilung Ökologie und Evolution Fachbereich Biologie, J.W. Goethe-Universität, Siesmayerstrasse 70, D-60054, Frankurt, Germany

    Bruno Streit  & Thomas Städler  & 

  2. Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, 47405, USA

    Curtis M. Lively

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© 1997 Springer Basel AG

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Bell, M.A., Andrews, C.A. (1997). Evolutionary consequences of postglacial colonization of fresh water by primitively anadromous fishes. In: Streit, B., Städler, T., Lively, C.M. (eds) Evolutionary Ecology of Freshwater Animals. EXS, vol 82. Birkhäuser, Basel. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-8880-6_12

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-8880-6_12

  • Publisher Name: Birkhäuser, Basel

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-0348-9812-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-0348-8880-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

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