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Cytokines in Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock pp 213–226Cite as

Birkhäuser

Apoptosis: Its role in the systemic inflammatory response syndrome and the involvement of cytokines

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Part of the book series: Progress in Inflammation Research ((PIR))

Abstract

Death, along with growth, is a critical part of the life cycle of all living things. The loss of leaves during the autumn, as a result of environmental changes during winter, is central to the survival and continued growth of a tree. Harmful levels of UV-radiation from the sun causes damage and death of keratinocytes and resulting sunburn. The death of cells is not always as a result of damage but may occur spontaneously to allow for further development and growth. For plants to conduct fluid, cells that form the xylem must die giving way to hollow tubes. In humans cell death is vital for embryonic development of fingers and toes. Homeostatic control of cell numbers is a result of the dynamic balance between cell proliferation and cell death and essential to maintain a steady volume [1]. Cancer cells have lost their ability to control this balance resulting in an accumulation of cells [2]. Thymocytes that fail to mature with functional receptors are induced to die, thereby limiting the release of none functional cells into the host and preventing autoimmune targeting of the host [3]. During inflammation there is an increased production and accumulation of lymphocytes, monocytes and neutrophils to overwhelm the invading foreign pathogen [4]. This production of inflammatory cells itself can be detrimental or “double edged” to the host due to the overproduction of anti-microbial agents causing tissue damage [5]. The resolution of an inflammatory response is thus important in preventing this host damage. The final step in resolving inflammation is the removal of the influxed cells from the inflammatory site. These must die in situ as they can not migrate from the site [6].

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  1. Surgical Professorial Unit, Mater Hospital, University College Dublin, 47 Eccles Street, Dublin 7, Ireland

    R. William & G. Watson

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  1. R. William
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  2. G. Watson
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  1. Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Donaueschingenstrasse 13, A-1200, Vienna, Austria

    Heinz Redl  & Günther Schlag  & 

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William, R., Watson, G. (1999). Apoptosis: Its role in the systemic inflammatory response syndrome and the involvement of cytokines. In: Redl, H., Schlag, G. (eds) Cytokines in Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock. Progress in Inflammation Research. Birkhäuser, Basel. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-8755-7_12

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-8755-7_12

  • Publisher Name: Birkhäuser, Basel

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-0348-9759-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-0348-8755-7

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