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Keratinocytes

  • Chapter
Apoptosis and Inflammation

Part of the book series: Progress in Inflammation Research ((PIR))

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Abstract

Keratinocytes are the epithelial cells which comprise the epidermis of the skin and the epithelium of the oral mucous membranes. The epidermis is a stratified squamous epithelium composed of keratinocytes organized into basal, spinous and granular layers. In terminal differentiation keratinocytes form the stratum corneum, composed of dead keratinocytes termed corneocytes and a complex phospholipid permeability barrier. The principal functions of keratinocytes are to provide an intact epithelial covering for the body and an impermeable barrier resisting loss of water, minerals and protein, and preventing the entrance of toxic environmental agents. Keratinocytes produce large quantities of intermediate filament proteins termed keratins, which are incorporated into complex intracellular bundles which attach to desmosomes at the plasma membrane to produce an extensive filament network which provides stability and strength to the epithelium. The basal pole of basal keratinocytes is attached to the basement membrane zone through specialized attachment structures termed hemidesmosomes. Complex molecular attachments within the basement membrane zone anchor the epithelium to connective tissue components in the dermis. The matrix components in the basement membrane also provide functional signals to the keratinocytes, affecting cell survival, migration and the ability to remodel the epidermis during injury and wound healing [1]. Keratinocyte stem cells are found in the deepest tips of the dermal papillae, while proliferating keratinocytes are found in the basal and the immediately suprabasal epidermis [2, 3].

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, B-153, 4200 E. Ninth Avenue, Denver, CO, 80262, USA

    David A. Norris, Yiqun Shellman & Gary A. Bellus

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  1. David A. Norris
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  2. Yiqun Shellman
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  3. Gary A. Bellus
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Oncology Research, Smith Kline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, UW 2110 709 Swedeland Road, King of Prussia, PA, 19406, USA

    James D. Winkler (Assistant Director) (Assistant Director)

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Norris, D.A., Shellman, Y., Bellus, G.A. (1999). Keratinocytes. In: Winkler, J.D. (eds) Apoptosis and Inflammation. Progress in Inflammation Research. Birkhäuser, Basel. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-8741-0_8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-8741-0_8

  • Publisher Name: Birkhäuser, Basel

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-0348-9752-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-0348-8741-0

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