Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Recent advances in prevention and treatment of hepatitis C virus infections

  • Chapter
Progress in Drug Research

Part of the book series: Progress in Drug Research ((PDR,volume 55))

Summary

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the leading cause of chronic hepatitis in humans. As members of the flavivirus family, HCVs are a group of small single-stranded, positive-sense RNA viruses. Upon translation of the genome, a polyprotein precursor is synthesized and further processed by both cellular and viral proteases to generate functional viral proteins. Treatment options are currently limited to the administration of α-interferon alone or in combination with ribavirin. Unfortunately, these approaches are characterized by relatively poor efficacy and an unfavorable side-effect profile. Therefore, intensive effort is directed at the discovery of novel molecules to treat this disease. These new approaches include the development of prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines, the identification of interferons with improved pharmacokinetic characteristics, and the discovery of novel drugs designed to inhibit the function of three major viral proteins: protease, helicase and polymerase. Finally, the HCV RNA genome itself, particularly the IRES element, is being actively exploited as an antiviral target using antisense molecules and catalytic ribozymes. This review summarizes the most recent findings in each of these areas. Although not intended to be comprehensive, it should serve as a first resource for those individuals who desire updated information in this rapidly changing field.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Choo Q.-L., G. Kuo, A.J. Weiner, R.L. Overby, D.W. Bradley and M. Houghton: Science 244, 359 (1989).

    Google Scholar 

  2. Saito I., T. Miyamura, A. Ohbayashi, H. Harada, T. Katayama, S. Kikuchi, Y. Watanabe, S. Koi, M. Onji, Y. Ohta et al.: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87,6547 (1990).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Consensus Development Panel. National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Panel statement: Hepatology 26,Suppl. 1, 2S (1997).

    Google Scholar 

  4. Berenguer, M. and T.L. Wright: Proc. Assoc. Amer. Phys. 110, 98 (1998).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. World Health Organization: Weekly Epidemiological Record 72, 65 (1997).

    Google Scholar 

  6. Alter, M., D. Kruszon-Moran, O.V. Nainan, G.M. McQuillan, E Gao, L.A. Moyer, R.A. Kaslow and H.S. Margolis: New Engl. J. Med. 341,556 (1999).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Wright, T., H. Hollander, X. Pu et al.: Hepatology 20, 1152 (1994).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Thomas, D.L.: Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 242, 25 (2000).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Hoofnagle, J.H.: Hepatology 26, 15S (1997).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Hayashi, J., H. Aoki, Y. Arakawa and O. Hino: Intervirology 42, 205 (1999).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Hadziyannis, S.J.: J. Viral Hepatitis 4, 9 (1997).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Cerny, A. and F.V. Chisari: Hepatology 30, 595 (1999).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Lau, J.Y.N., X. Xie, M.M.C. Lai and P.C. Wu: Seminars in Liver Disease 18, 169 (1998).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Kolykhalov, A.A, A.A. Agapov, K.J. Blight, K. Mihalik, S.M. Feinstone and C.M. Rice: Science 277,570 (1997).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Yanagi, M., R.H. Purcell, S.U. Emerson and J. Bukh: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97, 8738 (1997).

    Google Scholar 

  16. Miller, R.H. and R.H. Purcell: Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 87, 2057 (1990).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Mizokami M. and E. Orito: Intervirology 42, 159 (1999).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Gordon, ED., J.J. Poterucha, J. Germer, N.N. Zein, K.P. Batts, J.B. Gross Jr., R. Wiesner and D. Persing: Transplantation 63,1419 (1997).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Honda, M., E.A. Brown and S.M. Lemon: RNA 2, 955 (1996).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Houdebine L.M. and J. Attal: Transgenic Res. 8, 157 (1999).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Major, M.E. and S.M. Feinstone: Hepatology 25, 1527 (1997).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Hijikata, M., H. Mizushima, Y. Tanji, Y. Komoda, Y. Hirowatari, T. Akagi et al.: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90,10773 (1993).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Grakoui A., D.W. McCourt, C. Wychowski, S.M. Feinstone and C.M. Rice: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90,10583 (1993).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Kwong A.D., J.L. Kim, G. Rao, D. Lipovsek and S.A. Raybuck: Antiviral Res. 41,67 (1999).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Kwong, A.D., J.L. Kim and C. Lin: Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol. 242, 171 (2000).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Kim, J.L., K.A. Morgenstern, C. Lin, T. Fox, M.D. Dwyer, J.A. Landro et al.: Cell 87, 343 (1996).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. DeFrancesco, R., S.E. Behrens, L. Tomei, S. Altamura and J. Jiricny: Meth. Enzymol. 275, 58 (1996).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Yanagi, M., M.St. Claire, S.U. Emerson, R.H. Purcell and J. Bukh: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96, 2291 (1999).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Luo G.: Virology 256, 105 (1999).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Kolykhalov, A.A., S.M. Feinstone and C.M. Rice: J. Virol. 70, 3363 (1996).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Tanaka, T., N. Kato, M.J. Cho, K. Sugiyama and K. Shimotohno: J. Virol. 70, 3307 (1996).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Blight K.J. and C.M. Rice: J. Virol. 71, 7345 (1997).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Ali, N. and A. Siddiqui: J. Virol. 69, 6367 (1995).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Tsuchihara, K., T. Tanaka, M. Hijikata, S. Kuge, H. Toyoda, A. Nomoto, N. Yamamoto and K. Shimotohno: J. Virol. 71, 6720 (1997).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Ito, T., S.M. Tahara and M.M.C. Lai: J. Virol. 72, 8789 (1998).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Fang, J.W.S., V. Chow and J.Y.N. Lau: Clin. Liver Dis. 1, 493 (1997).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Hsu, C.-W., C.-T. Yeh, P. G.-C. Chen and Y.-F. Liaw: J. Infect. Dis. 180, 992 (1999).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Kato, N. and K. Shimotohno: Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol. 242, 261 (2000).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Rumin, S., P. Berthillon, E. Tanaka, K. Kiyosawa, M.-A. Trabaud, T. Bizollon, C. Gouillat, P. Gripon, C. Guguen-Guillouzo, G. Inchauspe et al.: J. Gen. Virology 80,3007 (1999).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Kato, N., M. Ikeda, T. Mizutani, K. Sugiyama, M. Noguchi, S. Hirohashi and K. Shimo-tohno: Jpn. J. Cancer Res. 87,787 (1996).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Lohmann, V., F. Korner, J.-O. Koch, U. Herian, L. Theilmenn and R. Bartenschlager: Science 285, 110 (1999).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Rosa, D., S. Campagnoli, C. Moretto, E. Guenzi, L. Cousens, M. Chin, C. Dong, A.J. Weiner, J.Y.N. Lau, Q.-L. Choo et al.: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93, 1759 (1996).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Pileri, P., Y. Uematsu, S. Campagnoli, G. Galli, F. Falugi, R. Petracca, A.J. Weiner, M. Houghton, D. Rosa, G. Grandi et al.: Science 282, 938 (1998).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Agnello, V., G. Abel, M. Elfahal, G. B. Knight and Q.-X. Zhang: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96, 12766 (1999).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Flint, M., J. Dubuisson, C. Maidens, R. Harrop, G.R. Guile, P. Borrow and J.A. McKeating: J. Virol. 74, 702 (2000).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Kolykhalov A., K. Mihalik, S.M. Feinstone and C.M. Rice: 6th Intl Symposium on HCV. A40 (1999).

    Google Scholar 

  47. Walker, C.M.: Springer Semin. Immunopathol. 19, 85 (1997).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Xie, Z-C., J.-I. Riezu-Boj, J.J. Lasarte, J. Guillen, J.-H. Su, M.-P. Civeira and J. Prieto: Virology 244, 513 (1998).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Schinazi, R.F., E. Ilan, P.L. Black, X. Yao and S. Dagan: Antiviral Chem. Chemother. 10, 99 (1999).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Choo, Q.-L., G. Kuo, R. Ralston, A.J. Weiner, D.Y. Chien, G. Van Nest, J. Han, K. Berger, K. Thudium, C. Kuo et al.: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91, 1294 (1994).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Abrignani, S. and D. Rosa: Clin. Diag. Virol. 10, 181 (1998).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Piazza, M., L. Sagliocca, G. Tosone, V. Guadagnino, M.A. Stazi, R. Orlando, G. Borgia, D. Rosa, S. Abrignani, F. Palumbo et al.: BioDrugs 12, 291 (1999).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Houghton, M.: Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol. 242, 327 (2000).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. AVANT Immunotherapeutics, 1999.

    Google Scholar 

  55. Berzofsky, J.A., J.D. Ahlers, M.A. Derby, C.D. Pendleton, T. Arichi and I.M. Belyakov: Immunological Reviews 170, 151 (1999).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Chiron Press Release, February 16, 1998.

    Google Scholar 

  57. IMSWorld R&D Focus, 9/30/99.

    Google Scholar 

  58. Pharmaprojects, Record No. 028455, 1999.

    Google Scholar 

  59. IMSWorld R&D Focus, 9/6/99.

    Google Scholar 

  60. R & D Insight, p. 15–16, Accession No. 11242, September 15, 1999.

    Google Scholar 

  61. R & D Insight, p. 21–23, Accession No. 4742, September 15, 1999.

    Google Scholar 

  62. R & D Insight, p. 1–2, Accession No. 4347, November 10, 1999.

    Google Scholar 

  63. Damen, M. and D. Bresters, in: H.W. Reesink (ed.): Curr. Stud. Hematol. Blood Transf. Karger Publishers 1998, Basel.

    Google Scholar 

  64. Hoofnagle, J.H., K.D. Mullen, D.B. Jones, V. Rustgi, A. Di Bisceglie, M. Peters, J.G. Waggoner, Y. Park and E.A. Jones: N. Engl. J. Med. 315, 1575 (1986).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Davis, G.L. and J.H. Hoofnagle: Hepatology 6,1038 (1986).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Houghton, M., in: B.N. Fields et al. (eds.): Fields Virology. Raven Publishers 1996, Philadelphia.

    Google Scholar 

  67. Pawlotsky, J.M. and G. Germanidis: J. Viral Hepatitis 6,343 (1999).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Rankin, J.T. Jr., S.B. Eppes, J.B. Antczak and W.K. Joklik: Virology 168,147 (1989).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Christie, J.M. and R.W. Chapman: Hosp Med. 60,357 (1999).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Slater, M.J. and B.E. Clarke: Exp. Opin. Ther. Patents 6, 739 (1996).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Hoffmann-La Roche, EP809996, 1997.

    Google Scholar 

  72. Hoffmann-La Roche, W09964016, 1997.

    Google Scholar 

  73. Schering-Plough Press Release, Nov. 9, 1999.

    Google Scholar 

  74. Pharmaceutical News Daily, Jan. 7, 2000.

    Google Scholar 

  75. Wright, T., M.L. Shiffman, S. Knox, E. Ette, R.S. Kauffman and J. Alam: AASLD Meeting, a990 (1999).

    Google Scholar 

  76. Pharmaceutical News Daily, Feb. 29, 2000.

    Google Scholar 

  77. Lemon, S.M. and M. Honda: Seminars in Virology 8, 274 (1997).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Honda, M., L-H. Ping, R.C.A. Rijnbrand, E. Amphlett, B. Clarke, D. Rowlands and S.M. Lemon: Virology 222, 31 (1996).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Honda, M., R. Rijnbrand, G. Abell, D. Kim and S.M. Lemon: J. Virol. 73, 4941 (1999).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Shimoike, T., S. Mimori, H. Tani, Y. Matsuura and T. Miyamura: J. Virol. 73, 9718 (1999).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Rijnbrand, R.C.A. and S.M. Lemon: Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol. 242,85 (2000).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Wang, C., S.Y. Le, N. All and A. Siddiqui: RNA 1,526 (1995).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Kieft, J.S., K. Zhou, R. Jubin, M.G. Murray, J.Y.N. Lau and J.A. Doudna: J. Mol. Biol. 292, 513 (1999).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Pestova, T.V., I.N. Shatsky, S.P. Fletcher, R.J. Jackson and C.U.T. Hellen: Genes Dev. 12, 67 (1998).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Pestova, T.V., C.U.T. Hellen and I.N. Shatsky: Mol. Cell Biol. 16,6859 (1996).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Fukushi, S., M. Okada, T. Kageyama, F.B. Hoshino and K. Katayama:Virus Genes 19, 153 (1999).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Hellen, C.U.T. and T.V. Pestova: J. Viral Hep. 6,79 (1999).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Ito, T. and M.M.C. Lai: Virology 254,288 (1999).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Ito, T., S.M. Tahara and M.M.C. Lai: J. Virol. 72,8789 (1998).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Connelly, S.: Curr. Opinion in Molec. Therapeutics 1,565 (1999).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Caselmann, W.H., S. Eisenhardt and M. Alt: Intervirology 40, 394 (1997).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  92. Brown-Driver, V., T. Eto, E. Lesnik, K.P. Anderson and R.C. Hanecak: Antisense & Nucleic Acid Drug Dev. 9, 145 (1999).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Wakita, T., D. Moradpour, K. Tokushihge and J.R. Wands: J. Med. Virology 57, 217 (1999).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Zhang, H., R. Hanecak, V. Brown-Driver, R. Azad, B. Conklin, M.C. Fox and K.P. Anderson: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 43, 347 (1999).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. ISIS Press Release, March 1, 2000.

    Google Scholar 

  96. Menke, A. and G. Hobom: Molec. Biotechnol. 8,17 (1997).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Sakamoto, N., C.H. Wu and G.Y. Wu: J. Clin. Invest. 98,2720 (1996).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Macejak, D.G., K.L. Jensen, S.F. Jamison, K. Domenico, E.C. Roberts, N. Chaudhary, I. von Carlowitz, L. Bellon, M.J. Tong, A. Conrad et al.: Hepatology 31, 769 (2000).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. RPI Press Release, February 16, 2000.

    Google Scholar 

  100. Lieber, A., C.Y. He, S.J. Polyak, D.R. Gretch, D. Barr and M.A. Kay: J. Virol. 70,8782 (1996).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Lieber, A. and M.A. Kay: J. Virol. 70,3153 (1996).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. R & D Insight, p. 3–4, Accession No. 11542, February 17, 1999.

    Google Scholar 

  103. Yen, J.H., S.C. Chang, C.R. Hu, S.C. Chu, S.S. Lin, Y.S. Hsieh and M.F. Chang: Virology 208, 723 (1995).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. Ali, N. and A. Siddiqui: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94,2249 (1997).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. Spangberg, K. Goobar-Larsson, M. Wahren-Herlenius and S. Schwartz: J. Human Virol. 2, 296 (1999).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. Clarke, B.: J. Gen. Virol. 78,2397 (1997).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. Reed, K.E. and C.M. Rice, in: H.W. Reesink (ed.): Curr. Stud. Hematol. Blood Transf. Karger Publishers 1998, Basel.

    Google Scholar 

  108. Suzuki, R., T. Suzuki, K. Ishii, Y. Matsuura and T. Miyamura: Intervirology 42,145 (1999).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. Littlejohn, M., S. Locarnini and A. Bartholomeusz: Antiviral Therapy 3, 83 (1999).

    Google Scholar 

  110. Walker, M.A.: Drug Discov. Today 4, 518 (1999).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  111. Shoemaker, K.R.: Curr. Opin. Anti-infect. Invest. 1,559 (1999).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  112. Hagedorn, C.H., E.H. van Beers and C. De Staercke: Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol. 242, 225 (2000).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  113. Bartenschlager, R.: Viral Hepat. 6, 165 (1999).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  114. Love, R.A., H.E. Parge, J.A. Wickersham, Z. Hostomsky, N. Habuka, E.W. Moomaw, T. Adachi and Z. Hostomska: Cell 87, 331 (1996).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  115. Bartenschlager, R., V. Lohmann, T. Wilkinson, J.O. Koch: J. Virol. 69, 7519 (1995).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  116. Yan, Y., Y. Li, S. Munshi, V. Sardana, J.L. Cole, M. Sardana, C. Steinkuehler, L. Tomei, R. De Francesco, L.C. Kuo and Z. Chen: Protein Sci. 7, 837 (1998).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  117. Yao, N., P. Reichert, S.S. Taremi, W.W. Prosise and P.C. Weber: Structure Fold Des. 7, 1353 (1999).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  118. Chu, M., R. Mierzwa, I. Truumees, A. King, M. Patel, R. Berrie, A. Hart, N. Butkiewicz, B. Mahapatra, T.M. Chan and M.S. Puar: Tetrahedron Lett. 37, 7229 (1996).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  119. Sudo, K., Y. Matsumoto, M. Matsushima, M. Fujiwara, K. Konno, K. Shimotohno, S. Shigeta and T. Yokota: Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 238, 643 (1997).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  120. Sudo, K., Y. Matsumoto, M. Matsushima, K. Konno, K. Shimotohno, S. Shigeta and T. Yokota: Antiviral Chem. Chemother. 8, 541 (1997).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  121. Kakiuchi, N., Y. Komoda, K. Komoda, N. Takeshita, S. Okada, T. Tani and K. Shimotohno: FEBS Lett. 421, 217 (1998).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  122. Chu, M., R. Mierzwa, L. He, A. King, M. Patel, J. Pichardo, A. Hart, N. Butkiewicz and M.S. Puar: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 9, 1949 (1999).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  123. Llinas-Brunet, M., M. Bailey, G. Fazal, S. Goulet, T. Halmos, S. Laplante, R. Maurice, M. Poirier, M. Poupart, D. Thibeault et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 8, 1713 (1998).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  124. Llinas-Brunet, M., M. Bailey, R. Ddziel, G. Fazal, V. Gorys, S. Goulet, T. Halmos, R. Mau-rice, M. Poirier, M. Poupart et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 8, 2719 (1998).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  125. Steinkuhler, C., G. Biasiol, M. Brunetti, A. Urbani, U. Koch, R. Cortese, A. Pessi and R. De Francesco: Biochemistry 37, 8899 (1998).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  126. Ingallinella, P., S. Altamura, E. Bianchi, M. Taliani, R. Ingenito, R. Cortese, R. De Francesco, C. Steinkuhler and A. Pessi: Biochemistry 37, 8906 (1998).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  127. Marchetti, A., J.M. Ontoria and V.G. Matassa: Synlett, SI, 1000 (1999).

    Google Scholar 

  128. Dimasi, N., F. Martin, C. Volpari, M. Brunetti, G. Biasiol, S. Altamura, R. Cortese, R. De Francesco, C. Steinkuhler and M. Sollazzo: J Virol. 71, 7461 (1997).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  129. Martin, F., C. Volpari, C. Steinkuhler, N. Dimasi, M. Brunetti, G. Biasiol, S. Altamura, R. Cortese, R. De Francesco and M. Sollazzo: Protein Eng. 10, 607 (1997).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  130. Martin, F., C. Steinkuhler, M. Brunetti, A. Pessi, R. Cortese, R. De Francesco and M. Sollazzo: Protein Eng. 12, 1005 (1999).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  131. Martin, F., N. Dimasi, C. Volpari, C. Perrera, S. Di Marco, M. Brunetti, C. Steinkuhler, R. De Francesco and M. Sollazzo: Biochemistry 37, 11459 (1998).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  132. Qasim, M.A., P.J. Ganz, C.W. Saunders, K.S. Bateman, M.N. James and M. Laskowski Jr.:Biochemistry 36, 1598 (1997).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  133. de la Cruz, J., D. Kressler and P. Linder: TIPS 24, 192 (1999).

    Google Scholar 

  134. Kadare, G. and A. Heanni: J. Virol. 71, 2583 (1997).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  135. Cho, H.S., N.C. Ha, L.W. Kang, K.M. Chung, S.H. Back, S.K. Jang and B.H. Oh: J. Biol. Chem. 273, 15045 (1998).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  136. Kim, J.L., K.A. Morgenstern, J.P. Griffith, M.D. Dwyer, J.A. Thomson, M.A. Murcko, C. Lin and P.R. Caron: Structure 6, 89 (1998).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  137. Viropharma Inc. W09736554 (1997).

    Google Scholar 

  138. Viropharma Inc. W09736866 (1997).

    Google Scholar 

  139. Clarke, B.E. and M.J. Slater: Exp. Opin. Ther. Patents 7, 979 (1997).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  140. Kumar, P.K., K. Machida, P.T. Urvil, N. Kakiuchi, D. Vishnuvardhan, K. Shimotohno, K. Taira and S. Nishikawa: Virology 237, 270 (1997).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  141. Borowski, P., R. Kuehl, 0. Mueller, L.H. Hwang, J. Schulze Zur Wiesch and H. Schmitz: Eur. J. Biochem. 266, 715 (1999).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  142. Behrens, S.E., L. Tomei and R. De Francesco: EMBOJ. 15,12 (1996).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  143. Lohmann, V., F. Korner, U. Herian and R. Bartenschlager: J. Virol. 71, 8416 (1997).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  144. Oh, J.W., T. Ito and M.M. Lai: J. Virol. 73, 7694 (1999).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  145. Ago, H., T. Adachi, A. Yoshida, M. Yamamoto, N. Habuka, K. Yatsunami and M. Miyano: Structure Fold Des. 7, 1417 (1999).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  146. Bressanelli, S., L. Tomei, A. Roussel, I. Incitti, R.L. Vitale, M. Mathieu, R. De Francesco and F.A. Rey: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96, 13034 (1999).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  147. Lesburg, C.A., M.B. Cable, E. Ferrari, Z. Hong, A.F. Mannarino and P.C. Weber: Nat. Struct. Biol. 6, 937 (1999).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  148. Lohmann, V., A. Roos, E Korner, J.O. Koch and R. Bartenschlager: Virology 249, 108 (1998).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  149. Ishii, K., Y. Tanaka, C.C. Yap, H. Aizaki, Y. Matsuura and T. Miyamura: Hepatology 29, 1227 (1999).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  150. Johnson, R.B., X.L. Sun, M.A. Hockman, E.C. Villarreal, M. Wakulchik and Q.M. Wang: Arch. Biochem. Biophys.; in press (2000).

    Google Scholar 

  151. Ferrari, E., J. Wright-Minogue, J.W. Fang, B.M. Baroudy, J.Y. Lau and Z. Hong: J. Virol. 73, 1649 (1999).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  152. Rodriguez, P.L. and L. Carrasco: J Virol. 66,1971 (1992).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  153. Luo, G., R.K. Hamatake, D.M. Mathis, J. Racela, K.L. Rigat, J. Lemm and R.J. Colonno: J. Virol. 74, 851 (2000).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  154. Sun, X.L., R.B. Johnson, M.A. Hockman and Q.M. Wang: Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 268, 798 (2000).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  155. Zhong, W., A.S. Uss, E. Ferrari, J.Y. Lau and Z. Hong: J. Virol. 74, 2017 (2000).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  156. Schering Corp. W09743310 (1997).

    Google Scholar 

  157. Wu, Z., N. Yao, H.V. Le and P.C. Weber: TIPS 23, 92 (1998).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  158. Gorbalenya, A.E. and E.J. Snijder: Perspect Drug Discov. Des. 6,64 (1996).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  159. Darke, P.L., A.R. Jacobs, L. Waxman and L.C. Kuo: J. Biol. Chem. 274, 34511 (1999).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Infectious Diseases Research, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA

    Q. May Wang & Beverly A. Heinz

Authors
  1. Q. May Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Beverly A. Heinz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Steinweg 28, Ettingen, CH-4107, Switzerland

    Ernst Jucker

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2000 Springer Basel AG

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Wang, Q.M., Heinz, B.A. (2000). Recent advances in prevention and treatment of hepatitis C virus infections. In: Jucker, E. (eds) Progress in Drug Research. Progress in Drug Research, vol 55. Birkhäuser, Basel. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-8385-6_1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-8385-6_1

  • Publisher Name: Birkhäuser, Basel

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-0348-9544-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-0348-8385-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation