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Cyclic activation and inactivation of brain vessels involving inflammatory mediators — implications for stroke

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Inflammation and Stroke

Part of the book series: Progress in Inflammation Research ((PIR))

Abstract

Endothelium has until recently been viewed by members of the stroke community as a relatively bland tissue that serves as an inert coating for the vascular tubes. Recent studies of endothelial cells in culture systems have proven these simplistic notions untenable and have shed light on the manifold functions of the endothelium under normal as well as pathological conditions. Endothelium can be characterized as a dynamic, heterogenous, disseminated organ [1] that possesses vital secretory, synthetic, metabolic, and immunologic functions. Endothelial cell surface covers an area of 1 to 7 square meters and weighs about 1 kg [1]. Endothelial cells are heterogeneous [2]. They exhibit organ-specific specialization along with differences in function. It is less well known that endothelial cells express different phenotypes along different segments of the same vascular tree or even within neighboring cells. This variability in phenotype and the existence of subtypes enables endothelial cells to upregulate or downregulate surface proteins in response to local microenvironmental conditions and quickly and efficiently integrate multiple extra-cellular signals to serve the needs of the underlying tissue.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Stroke Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, 36 Convent Drive MSC 4128, Building 36, Room 4A03, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4128, USA

    Christl A. Ruetzler & John M. Hallenbeck

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  1. Christl A. Ruetzler
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  2. John M. Hallenbeck
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Cardiovascular Diseases Research Experimental Station, DuPont Pharmaceuticals Company, Route 141 & Henry Clay Road, Wilmington, DE, 19880, USA

    Giora Z. Feuerstein

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Ruetzler, C.A., Hallenbeck, J.M. (2001). Cyclic activation and inactivation of brain vessels involving inflammatory mediators — implications for stroke. In: Feuerstein, G.Z. (eds) Inflammation and Stroke. Progress in Inflammation Research. Birkhäuser, Basel. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-8297-2_6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-8297-2_6

  • Publisher Name: Birkhäuser, Basel

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-0348-9508-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-0348-8297-2

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