Abstract
The neurotoxin ofClostridium Botulinum(BTx) was used to induced a localized paralysis of the right quadriceps in Wistar rats; animals were euthanasied 4w after the BTX injection. Control animals were similarly injected with saline. The bone mineral content (BMC) was measured by DXA. BMC was significantly decreased in the proximal tibia but not in the distal femur. Texture of the trabecular bone was analyzed on X-rays by the run length and fractal methods (skyscrapers and blanket). Significant differences were obtained on the proximal tibia. On the distal femur, significant differences were obtained with the run length method, the skyscrapers and the blanket method in the vertical direction. No differences were obtained on bones from control animals. BTX induced a significant bone loss on the bony subparts that are directly influenced by disuse. Texture analysis of X-ray images can reveal differences that were not evidenced at naked eyes.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
MinaireP.Meunier, P., Edouard, C., Bernard, J., Courpron, P. and Bourret, J. Quantitative histological data on disuse osteoporosis. Comparison with biological data. Calcif. Tissue Int. 17:57–73 (1974).
Jee W. S. S. and Ma, Y. Animal models of immobilization osteopenia. Morphologie. 83:25–34 (1999).
Conaway H. H., Waite, L. C. and Kenny, A D Immobilization and bone mass in rats. Calcif. Tissue Int. 11:323–330 (1973).
Hulth A. and Olerud, S. Studies on amputation stumps in rabbits. J. Bone Joint Surg. 44B:431–435 (1962).
Andersson S. and Nilsson, B. Changes in bone mineral content following ligamentous knee injuries. Med. Sci. Sports. 11:351–353 (1979).
Ferguson A. B. and Akahoshi, Y. Vascular pattern in immobilized, denervated or devascularized rabbit limbs. J. Bone Joint Surg. 42A:617–621 (1960).
Frost H. M. The regional acceleratory phenomenon. A review. Henry Ford Hosp. Med. J. 31:3–9 (1983).
Ijiri K., Jee, W. S. S., Ma, Y. E. and Yuan, Z. Remobilization partially restored bone mass in a non-traumatic growing cancellous bone site following long term immobilization. Bone. 17(S):213S-2175 (1995).
Jee W. S. S., Ma, Y. and Li, X. J. The immobilized adult cancellous bone site in a growing rat as an animal model of human osteoporosis. J. Histotechnol. 20:201–206 (1997).
Cherington M. Clinical spectrum of botulism. Muscle Nerve. 21:701–710 (1998).
Buckland-Wright J. C., Lynch, J. A. and Macfarlane, D. G. Fractal signature analysis measures cancellous bone organisation in macroradiographs of patients with knee osteoarthritis. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 55:749–755 (1996).
Caligiuri P., Giopr, M. L. and Favus, M. Multifractal radiographic analysis of osteoporosis? Med. Phys. 21:503–508 (1994).
Geraets W. G. M., Van der Stelt, P. F., Lips, P. and Van Ginkel, F. C. The radiographic trabecular pattern of hips in patients with hip fractures and in elderly control subjects. Bone. 22:165–173 (1998).
Russ J. C., The image processing handbook (3rd edition).CRC Press & Springer-Verlag GmbH, Boca Raton, 1998, pp 271–273.
Galloway M. M. Texture analysis using gray level run lengths. Comput. Graph. Image Proc. 4:172–179 (1975).
Chu A., Sehgal, C. M. and Greenleaf, J. F. Use of gray value distribution of run lengths for texture analysis. Patt. Recogn. Lett. 11:415–419 (1990).
Chappard D., Chennebault, A., Moreau, M. F., Legrand, E., Audran, M. and Baslé, M. F. Texture analysis of X-ray radiographs is a more reliable descriptor of bone loss than mineral content in a rat model of localized disuse induced by the Clostridium botulinum toxin. Bone. in press (2001).
Caldwell C. B., Stapleton, S. J., Holdsworth, D. W., Jong, R. A., Weiser, W. J., Cooke, G. and Yaffe, M. J. Characterization of mammographic parenchymal pattern by fractal dimension. Phys. Med. Biol. 35:235–247 (1990).
Peleg S., Naor, J., Hartley, R. and Avnir, D. Multiple resolution texture analysis and classification. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 6:518–523 (1984).
Li X. J., Jee, W. S. S., Crow, S. Y. and Wogdbury, D. M. Adaptation of cancellous bone to aging, immobilization in the rat: A single photon absorptiometry, histomorphometry study. Anat. Rec. 227:12–14 (1990).
Turner R. T. and Rodan, G. A. Indomethacin inhibition of tenotomy-induced bone resorption in rats. J. Bone Miner. Res. 3:409–414 (1986).
Shen V., Liang, X. G., Birchman, R., Wu, D. D., Healy, D., Lindsay, R. and Dempster, D. W. Short-term immobilization-induced cancellous bone loss is limited to regions undergoing high turnover and/or modeling in mature rats. Bone. 21:71–78 (1997).
Bikle D. D. and Halloran, B. P. The response of bone to unloading. J. Bone Miner. Res. 17:233–244 (1999).
Link T. M., Majumdar, S., Konermann, W., Meier, N., Lin, J. C., Newitt, D., Ouyang, X., Peters, P. and Genant, H. K. Texture analysis of direct magnification radiographs of vertebral specimens: correlation with bone mineral density and biomechanical properties. Acad. Radiol. 4:167–176 (1997).
Geraets W. G. M., Van Der Stelt, P. F., Netelenbos, C. J. and Elders, P. J. M. A new method for automatic recognition of the radiographic trabecular pattern. J. Bone Miner. Res. 5:227–233 (1990).
Weinstein R. S. and Majumdar, S. Fractal geometry and compression fracture. J. Bone Miner. Res. 9:1797–1802 (1994).
Benhamou C. L., Lespessailles, E., Jacquet, G., Harba, R., Jennane, R., Loussot, T., Tourlière, D. and Ohley, W. Fractal organization of trabecular bone images on calcaneus radiographs. J. Bone Miner. Res. 9:1909–1918 (1994).
Chappard D., Legrand, E., Pascaretti, C., Audran, M. and Baslé, M.F. Comparison of eight histomophometric methods for measuring trabecular bone architecture by image analysis on histological sections. Microsc. Res. Techn. 45:303–312 (1999).
Legrand E., Chappard, D., Pascaretti, C., Duquenne, M., Krebs, S., Simon, Y., Rhomer, V., Baslé, M. and Audran, M. Trabecular bone microarchitecture, bone mineral density and vertebral fractures in male osteoporosis. J. Bone Miner. Res. 15:13–19 (2000).
Geraets W. G. M., Van der Stelt, P. F. and Elders, J. M. The radiographic trabecular bone pattern during menopause. Bone. 14:859–864. (1993).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2002 Springer Basel AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Chappard, D. et al. (2002). Texture Analyses of X-Ray Micrographs (Fractal Geometry and Run Length) are Better Predictors of Bone Loss than Mineral Content in a Rat Model of Localized Disuse Osteopenia. In: Losa, G.A., Merlini, D., Nonnenmacher, T.F., Weibel, E.R. (eds) Fractals in Biology and Medicine. Mathematics and Biosciences in Interaction. Birkhäuser, Basel. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-8119-7_19
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-8119-7_19
Publisher Name: Birkhäuser, Basel
Print ISBN: 978-3-0348-9445-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-0348-8119-7
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive