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Neuropeptides: general characteristics and neuropharmaceutical potential in treating CNS disorders

  • Chapter
Peptide Transport and Delivery into the Central Nervous System

Part of the book series: Progress in Drug Research ((PDR,volume 61))

Abstract

Earlier concepts of the neuroendocrine system integrated the regulatory functions of the nervous and endocrine systems, a concept that was developed from the understanding of hypothalamic control over the secretions of the anterior pituitary gland and pituitary control of its target endocrine organs. Demonstration of feedback controls, chiefly negative, furthered the argument for an intimate relationship between the nervous and endocrine systems. However, the role of the hypothalamic and pituitary hormones, all of which are peptides, is not restricted to their classical endocrine actions but extends to profound effects on the CNS. Experiments showing that adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) affects complex behavioral processes such as learning and memory in adrenalectomized rats, demonstrated clearly that this peptide was acting directly on CNS neurons, bypassing its endocrine target, the adrenal cortex. This concept of a direct action was extended to learning and memory in humans, as well as to the peripheral neuromuscular system through the use of synthetic fragments of ACTH devoid of adrenocortical-stimulating activity [1-4] (see sections 5.1.2 and 5.4).

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Abbreviations

Ach:

acetylcholine

ACTH:

adrenocorticotrophic hormone

AD:

Alzheimer's disease

AgRP:

agouti-related protein

Arg:

arginine

CGRP:

calcitonin-gene related peptide

CCK:

cholecystokinin

CNS:

central nervous system

CRH:

corticotropin-releasing hormone

DRG:

dorsal root ganglia

ER:

endoplasmic reticulum

GABA:

Îł-aminobutyric acid

GH:

growth hormone

GHRH:

growth hormone releasing hormone

HPA:

hypothalamic-anterior pituitary-adrenal axis

IGF-I:

insulin-like growth factor

Lys:

lysine

MSH:

melanocyte-stimulating hormone

NMDA:

N-methyl-D-aspartate

OT:

oxytocin

PC:

prohormone convertase

POMC:

proopiomelanocortin

PPP:

pancreatic polypeptide

PRL:

prolactin

RER:

rough endoplasmic reticulum

ST:

somatostatin

TRH:

thyrotropin-releasing hormone

VIP:

vasoactive intestinal peptide

VP:

vasopressin

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  1. New York University, 340 East 64th Street, New York, NY, 10021, USA

    Fleur L. Strand

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  1. Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and The McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, 1600 S.W. Archer Road, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0497, USA

    Laszlo Prokai

  2. Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, 1600 S.W. Archer Road, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0267, USA

    Katalin Prokai-Tatrai

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Strand, F.L. (2003). Neuropeptides: general characteristics and neuropharmaceutical potential in treating CNS disorders. In: Prokai, L., Prokai-Tatrai, K. (eds) Peptide Transport and Delivery into the Central Nervous System. Progress in Drug Research, vol 61. Birkhäuser, Basel. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-8049-7_1

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