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Developing model systems for molecular biogeography: Vicariance and interchange in marine invertebrates

  • Chapter
Molecular Ecology and Evolution: Approaches and Applications

Part of the book series: Experientia Supplementum ((EXS,volume 69))

Summary

Inference of shared history, based on congruence between the topological structure of cladograms for lineages, and the geographic distributions of lineages is becoming increasingly important to ecological and behavioral evolutionary studies. Yet clades which are topologically and geographically congruent may have originated at very different times, a phenomenon known as “pseudocongruence”. In this chapter, we explore the strengths and weaknesses of molecular data in identifying cases of pseudocongruence for the simplest possible case: when sister taxa are found in neighboring areas now separated by a disjunction or barrier of some kind. We focus on studies of littoral marine invertebrates in three well-studied marine model systems: coastal species from the southeastern United States, species pairs divided by the final closure of the Panama Seaway ca. 3 million years ago, and taxa which took part in the trans-Arctic interchange between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans following the opening of the Bering Strait ca. 3.5 million years ago. For each of these model systems, we present molecular divergence, population genetic, and in some cases, paleontological evidence that sister taxa in neighboring areas likely diverged at different times. We also show that comparison of multiple data sets from the same taxa can reveal cases of rate variation. While comparisons of degree of molecular divergence may be confounded by rate variation, comparisons of phylogeographic structure also have the potential to distinguish between cases of strong geographical subdivision and recent gene flow.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Zoology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA

    C. W. Cunningham

  2. Biology Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA

    T. M. Collins

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  1. C. W. Cunningham
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Zoologisches Institut, Universität Frankfurt, Siesmayerstr. 70, D-60054, Frankfurt, Germany

    B. Schierwater  & B. Streit  & 

  2. Department of Biology, Yale University, 165 Prospect St., New Haven, CT, 06511, USA

    G. P. Wagner

  3. Department of Entomology, American Museum of Natural History, 79th Street at Central Park West, New York, NY, 10024, USA

    R. DeSalle

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© 1994 Springer Basel AG

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Cunningham, C.W., Collins, T.M. (1994). Developing model systems for molecular biogeography: Vicariance and interchange in marine invertebrates. In: Schierwater, B., Streit, B., Wagner, G.P., DeSalle, R. (eds) Molecular Ecology and Evolution: Approaches and Applications. Experientia Supplementum, vol 69. Birkhäuser, Basel. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-7527-1_24

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-7527-1_24

  • Publisher Name: Birkhäuser, Basel

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-0348-7529-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-0348-7527-1

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