Summary
Polyploidy and its genetical, ecological, and evolutionary consequences in hermaphrodites have predominantly been studied in vascular plants, but the condition also occurs in animals, such as freshwater pulmonate snails (Basommatophora). Representatives of this group have been preserved in fossil deposits, but the paucity and plasticity of morphological characters does not allow the events of hybridization and polyploidization to be traced in the ancestry of extant taxa. Drawing on our studies of the European stream limpet, Ancylus fluviatilis, we highlight the facility of allozyme and RAPD fingerprint data to unravel the genetic structure, historic hybridizations, and mating system parameters, and discuss the emerging similarities to evolutionary processes well documented for vascular plants.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Abbott, R.J. (1992) Plant invasions, interspecific hybridization and the evolution of new plant taxa. Trends Ecol. Evol. 7: 401–405.
Avise, J.C. (1994) Molecular Markers, Natural History and Evolution. Chapman and Hall, New York.
Bieler, R. (1992) Gastropod phylogeny and systematics. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 23: 311–338.
Chambers, S.M. (1987) Rates of evolutionary change in chromosome numbers in snails and vertebrates. Evolution 41: 166–175.
Clark, A.G. and Lanigan, C.M.S. (1993) Prospects for estimating nucleotide divergence with RAPDs. Mol. Biol. Evol. 10: 1096–1111.
Dowling, T.E. and DeMarais, B.D. (1993) Evolutionary significance of introgressive hybridization in cyprinid fishes. Nature 362: 444–446.
Gastony, G.J. (1991) Gene silencing in a polyploid homosporous fern: paleopolyploidy revisited. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88: 1602–1605.
Grant, V. (1981) Plant Speciation, second edition. Columbia University Press, New York.
Hadrys, H., Balick, M. and Schierwater, B. (1992) Applications of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) in molecular ecology. Mol. Ecol. 1: 55–63.
Hadrys, H., Schierwater, B., Dellaporta, S.L., DeSalle, R. and Buss, L.W. (1993) Determination of paternity in dragonflies by Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA fingerprinting. Mol. Ecol. 2: 79–87.
Harrison, R.G. (1989) Animal mitochondrial DNA as a genetic marker in population and evolutionary biology. Trends Ecol. Evol. 4: 6–11.
Harrison, R.G. (1993) Hybrid Zones and the Evolutionary Process. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Haufler, C.H. and Soltis, D.E. (1986) Genetic evidence suggests that homosporous ferns with high chromosome numbers are diploid. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83: 4389–4393.
Hendrick, P.W. (1987) Genetic load and the mating system in homosporous ferns. Evolution 41: 1282–1289.
Heller, J. (1993) Hermaphroditism in molluscs. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 48: 19–42.
Hillis, D.M. and Moritz, C. (1990) Molecular Systematics. Sinauer Associates Inc., Sunderland, Massachusetts.
Hubendick, B. (1978) Systematics and comparative morphology of the Basommatophora. In: V. Fretter and J. Peake (eds): Pulmonates, Vol. 2A. Academic Press, London, pp. 1–47.
Jarne, P., Finot, L., Delay, B. and Thaler, L. (1991) Self-fertilization versus cross-fertilization in the hermaphroditic freshwater snail Bulinus globosus. Evolution 45: 1136–1146.
Jarne, P., Delay, B., Bellec, C., Roizes, G. and Cuny, G. (1992a) Analysis of mating systems in the schistosome-vector hermaphrodite snail Bulinus globosus by DNA fingerprinting. Heredity 68: 141–146.
Jarne, P., Finot, L., Bellec, C. and Delay, B. (1992b) Aphally versus euphally in self-fertile hermaphrodite snails from the species Bulinus truncatus (Pulmonata: Planorbidae). Amer. Natur. 139: 424–432.
Jarne, P. and Charlesworth, D. (1993) The evolution of the selfing rate in functionally hermaphrodite plants and animals. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 24: 441–466.
Jarne, P., Vianey-Liaud, M. and Delay, B. (1993) Selfing and outcrossing in hermaphrodite freshwater gastropods (Basommatophora): where, when and why. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 49: 99–125.
Jelnes, J.E. (1986) Experimental taxonomy of Bulinus (Gastropoda: Planorbidae): the West and North African species reconsidered, based upon an electrophoretic study of several enzymes per individual. Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 87: 1–26.
Jenkins, G. and Rees, H. (1991) Strategies of bivalent formation in allopolyploid plants. Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B 243: 209–214.
Karl, S.A. and Avise, J.C. (1992) Balancing selection at allozyme loci in oysters: implications from nuclear RFLPs. Science 256: 100–102.
Kuhn, K. and Schierwater, B. (1993) Strain diagnostic RAPD markers in Ancylus fluviatilis. Verh. Dtsch. Zool. Ges. 86.1: 54.
Lande, R. and Schemske, D.W. (1985) The evolution of self-fertilization and inbreeding depression in plants. I. Genetic models. Evolution 39: 24–40.
Langand, J., Barrai, V., Delay, B. and Jourdane, J. (1993) Detection of genetic diversity within snail intermediate hosts of the genus Bulinus by using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA markers (RAPDs). Acta Tropica 55: 205–215.
Mayr, E. (1970) Populations, Species, and Evolution. The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, Cambridge.
McMahon, R.F. (1983) Physiological ecology of freshwater pulmonates. In: W.D. Russell-Hunter, (ed.): The Mollusca, Vol. 6, Ecology. Academic Press, Orlando, pp. 359–430.
Mimpfoundi, R. and Greer, G.J. (1990) Allozyme comparisons and ploidy levels among species of the Bulinus truncatus j tropicus complex (Gastropoda: Planorbidae) in Cameroon. J. moll. Stud. 56: 63–68.
Murphy, R.W., Sites, J.W., Jr., Buth, D.G. and Haufler, C.H. (1990) Proteins I: Isozyme electrophoresis. In: D.M. Hillis and C. Moritz (eds): Molecular Systematics. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Massachusetts, pp. 45–126.
Njiokou, F., Bellec, C., Berrebi, P., Delay, B. and Jarne, P. (1993a) Do self-fertilization and genetic drift promote a very low genetic variability in the allotetraploid Bulinus truncatus (Gastropoda: Planorbidae) populations? Genet. Res. (Camb.) 62: 89–100.
Njiokou, F., Bellec, C., Jarne, P., Finot, L. and Delay, B. (1993b) Mating system analysis using protein electrophoresis in the self-fertile hermaphrodite species Bulinus truncatus (Gastropoda: Planorbidae). J. moll. Stud. 59: 125–133.
Orr, H.A. (1990) ‘Why polyploidy is rarer in animals than in plants’ revisited. Amer. Natur. 136: 759–770.
Patterson, C.M. and Burch, J.B. (1978) Chromosomes of pulmonate molluscs. In: V. Fretter and J. Peake (eds): Pulmonates, Vol. 2A. Academic Press, London, pp. 171–217.
Purchon, R.D. (1977) The Biology of the Mollusca. Pergamon Press, Oxford.
Riedy, M.F., Hamilton, W.J. and Aquadro, C.F. (1992) Excess of non-parental bands in offspring from known primate pedigrees assayed using RAPD PCR. Nucleic Acids Res. 20: 918.
Rieseberg, L.H. and Brunsfeld, S.J. (1992) Molecular evidence and plant introgression. In: P.S. Soltis, D.E. Soltis and J.J. Doyle (eds): Molecular Systematics of Plants. Chapman and Hall, New York, pp. 151–176.
Russell-Hunter, W.D. (1978) Ecology of freshwater pulmonates. In: V. Fretter and J. Peake, (eds): Pulmonates, Vol. 2A. Academic Press, London, pp. 335–383.
Schierwater, B. and Ender, A. (1993) Different thermostable DNA polymerases may amplify different RAPD products. Nucleic Acids Res. 21: 4647–4648.
Schrag, S.J. and Read, A.F. (1992) Temperature determination of male outcrossing ability in a simultaneous hermaphrodite. Evolution 46: 1698–1707.
Soltis, D.E. and Rieseberg, L.H. (1986) Autopolyploidy in Tolmiea menziesii (Saxifragaceae): genetic insights from enzyme electrophoresis. Amer. J. Bot. 73: 310–318.
Soltis, D.E. and Soltis, P.S. (1987) Polyploidy and breeding systems in homosporous Pteridophyta: a reevaluation. Amer. Natur. 130: 219–232.
Soltis, P.S., Doyle, J.J. and Soltis, D.E. (1992) Molecular data and polyploid evolution in plants. In: P.S. Soltis, D.E. Soltis and J.J. Doyle (eds): Molecular Systematics of Plants. Chapman and Hall, New York, pp. 177–201.
Städler, T., Loew, M. and Streit, B. (1993) Genetic evidence for low outcrossing rates in polyploid freshwater snails (Ancylus fluviatilis). Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B 251: 207–213.
Städler, T., Loew, M. and Streit, B. (1994) Genetics and mating systems of polyploid freshwater hermaphrodite snails. Malacological Review; in press.
Stebbins, G.L. (1947) Types of polyploids: their classification and significance. Adv. Genet. 1: 403–429.
Streit, B. (1976) Energy flow in four different field populations of Ancylus fluviatilis (Gastropoda-Basommatophora). Oecologia (Berl.) 22: 261–273.
Streit, B. (1985) Energy partitioning and ecological plasticity in populations of Ancylus fluviatilis (Gastropoda: Basommatophora). Amer. Malacol. Bull. 3: 151–168.
Streit, B. (1992) Bioaccumulation processes in ecosystems. Experientia 48: 955–970.
Streit, B., Städler, T., Schwenk, K., Ender, A., Kuhn, K. and Schierwater, B. (1994) Natural hybridization in freshwater animals: ecological implications and molecular approaches. Naturwissenschaften 81: 65–73.
Thompson, J.D. and Lumaret, R. (1992) The evolutionary dynamics of polyploid plants: origins, establishment and persistence. Trends Ecol. Evol. 7: 302–307.
Vianey-Liaud, M., Dupouy, J., Lancastre, F. and Nassi, H. (1991) Constant use of allosperm by female-acting snails after successive cross-fertilizations in Biomphalaria glabrata (Gastropoda: Planorbidae). Malacol. Rev. 24: 73–78.
Watano, Y. and Masuyama, S. (1991) Inbreeding in natural populations of the annual polyploid fern Ceratopteris thalictroides (Parkeriaceae). Syst. Bot. 16: 705–714.
Werth, C.R., Guttman, S.I. and Eshbaugh, W.H. (1985) Electrophoretic evidence of reticulate evolution in the Appalachian Asplenium complex. Syst. Bot. 10: 184–192.
Werth, C.R. and Windham, M.D. (1991) A model for divergent, allopatric speciation of polyploid pteridophytes resulting from silencing of duplicate-gene expression. Amer. Natur. 137: 515–526.
Wethington, A.R. and Dillon, R.T., Jr. (1993) Reproductive development in the hermaphrodite freshwater snail Physa monitored with complementing albino lines. Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B 252: 109–114.
Williams, J.G.K., Kubelik, A.R., Livak, K.J., Rafalski, J.A. and Tingey, S.V. (1990) DNA polymorphisms amplified by arbitrary primers are useful as genetic markers. Nucleic Acids Res. 18: 6531–6535.
Wolf, P.G., Haufler, C.H. and Sheffield, E. (1987) Electrophoretic evidence for genetic diploidy in the bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum). Science 236: 947–949.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1994 Springer Basel AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Streit, B., Städler, T., Kuhn, K., Loew, M., Brauer, M., Schierwater, B. (1994). Molecular markers and evolutionary processes in hermaphrodite freshwater snails. In: Schierwater, B., Streit, B., Wagner, G.P., DeSalle, R. (eds) Molecular Ecology and Evolution: Approaches and Applications. Experientia Supplementum, vol 69. Birkhäuser, Basel. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-7527-1_14
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-7527-1_14
Publisher Name: Birkhäuser, Basel
Print ISBN: 978-3-0348-7529-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-0348-7527-1
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive