Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Progress in Drug Research / Fortschritte der Arzneimittelforschung / Progrès des recherches pharmaceutiques pp 71–115Cite as

Chemistry and pharmacology of cannabis

  • Chapter

  • 146 Accesses

Abstract

Cannabis a plant genus belonging to the hemp family (Cannabaceae) of the nettle order (Urticales). The genus comprises one species, C. sativa L. (Indian hemp), a stout, aromatic, erect, annual herb that originated in Central Asia and is now cultivated widely in the North Temperate Zone. A tall cane-like variety is raised for the production of hemp fibre; the female plant of a short, branchier variety is prized as the more abundant source of a mild hallucinogenic drug present in the resin of the flowering tops, leaves, seeds and stems. Cannabis has been used for centuries by a sector of society, either by inhalation or orally, without evoking enough scientific interest except probably as a minor problem of sociological and legal importance.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   74.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. J. L. Neumeyer and R. A. Shagoury: J. Pharm. Sci. 62, 1433 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  2. R. Adams, D. C. Pease and J. H. Clark: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 75, 20 (1897).

    Google Scholar 

  3. A. Jacob and A. R. Todd: Nature 145, 350 (1940); J. Chem. Soc. 649 (1940).

    Google Scholar 

  4. R. Mechoulam and Y. Shuo: Tetrahedron 19, 2073 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  5. R. Adams, S. Loewe, D. C. Pease, C. K. Cain, R. B. Wearn, B. R. Baker and H. Wolff: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 62, 2566 (1940).

    Google Scholar 

  6. L. E. Hollister: Science 172, 21 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  7. R. Adams, B. R. Baker and R. B. Wearn: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 62, 2204 (1940).

    Google Scholar 

  8. R. Ghosh, A. R. Todd and S. Wilkinson: J. Chem. Soc. 1121 (1940).

    Google Scholar 

  9. R. Adams, D. C. Pease, C. K. Cain and J. H. Clark: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 62, 2402 (1940).

    Google Scholar 

  10. H. J. Wailner, J. R. Matchette, J. Levine and S. Loewe: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 64, 26 (1942).

    Google Scholar 

  11. Y. Gaoni and R. Machoulam: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 86, 1646 (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  12. R. Adams, C. K. Cain, W. D. MePhee and R. B. Wearn: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 65, 2209 (1941).

    Google Scholar 

  13. R. L. Hively, W. A. Moscher and F. W. Hoffmann: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 88, 1832 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  14. Y. Gaoni and R. Mechoulam: Tetrahedron 22, 1481 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  15. R. Mechoulam and Y. Gaoni: Tetrahedron Lett. 1109 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  16. A. Heitrich and M. Binder: Experientia 38, 898 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  17. R. Braemer and M. Paris: Plant. Cell. Rep. 6, 150 (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  18. S. C. Hartsel, W. H. T. Loh and L. W. Robertson: Planta Med. 48, 17 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  19. P. S. Fetterman and C. E. Turner: J. Pharm. Sci. 61, 1476 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  20. E. W. Gill: J. Chem. Soc. 579 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  21. L. Vollner, D. Bienick and F. Korte: Tetrahedron Lett. 3, 145 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  22. E. W. Gill, W. D. M. Paton and R. G. Partwee: Nature 228, 134 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  23. M. L. Mole and C. E. Turner: J. Pharm. Sci. 63, 154 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  24. Y. Gaoni and R. Mechoulam: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 93, 217 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  25. M. J. Begley, G. D. Clarke, L. Crombie and D. A. Whiting: Chem. Commun. 1547 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  26. Y. Gaoni and R. Mechoulam: Chem. Commun. 20 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  27. R. Mechoulam, B. Yagnitinsky and Y. Gaoni: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 90, 2418 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  28. D. D. Breimer, T. B. Vree, C. A. M. Van Ginneken and J. M. Van Rossum: Biochem. Pharmacol. Aspects Depend. Rep. Marihuana Res. Symp. [Proc.] 116 (1972): C. A. 78, 2007 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  29. B. F. Dilermando: Rev. Quim. Ind. 41, 15 (1972)

    Google Scholar 

  30. B. F. Dilermando: Rev. Quim. Ind. C. A. 77, 123777f (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  31. C. A. Lugwig, J. L. Robert, J. M. K. Lousberg and C. A. Salemink: Phytochemistry 13, 619 (1914).

    Google Scholar 

  32. L. Crombie and R. Ponsford: Chem. Commun. 894 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  33. L. Crombie and R. Ponsford: J. Chem. Soc. C 796 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  34. M. A. Elsohly, F. S. El Feraly and C. E. Turner: Lloydia 40, 275 (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  35. M. A. Elsohly, E. G. Boeren and C. E. Turner: Experientia 34, 1127 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  36. W. R. Chan, K. E. Magnus and H. A. Watson: Experientia 32, 283 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  37. A. T. MePhail, H. N. Elsohly, C. E. Turner and M. A. Elsohly: J. Nat. Prod. 47, 138 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  38. H. N. Elsohly, E. G. Boeren, C. E. Turner and M. A. Elsohly: Cannabinoid Chem. Pharmacol Ther. Aspects 89 (1982): C. A. 101, 207588 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  39. J. J. Lousberg, C. A. L. Bercht, R. V. Ooyen and H. J. W. Spronch: Phytochemistry 16, 595 (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  40. Y. Shoyama, H. Hirano, M. Oda, T. Somehara and I. Nishioka: Chem. Pharm. Bull. 23, 1894 (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  41. R. Mechoulam and Y. Gaoni: Proc. Chem. Soc. 82 (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  42. Y. Shoyama, H. Hirano, H. Makino, N. Umekita and N. Nishioka: Chem. Pharm. Bull. 25, 2306 (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  43. G. Heinfried and S. Gerhard: J. Chromatogr. 154, 13 (1978

    Google Scholar 

  44. G. Heinfried and S. Gerhard: J. Chromatogr.C.A. 89, 126110 S (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  45. D. P. Papadakis, C. A. Salemink, F. J. Alikaridis and T. A. Kephalas: Tetrahedron 39, 2223 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  46. C. E. Turner, M. L. Mole, L. Hanus and M. A. Elsohly: Acta. Univ. Palacki Olomuc Fac. Med. 97, 167 C (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  47. C. E. Turner, M. L. Mole, L. Hanus and H. N. Elsohly: Act. Nerv. Super. 23, 266 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  48. Y. Shoyama, S. Morimoto and I. Nishioka: Chem. Pharm. Bull. 29, 5720 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  49. L. Hanus, C. E. Turner and M. A. Elsohly: Acta. Univ. Palacki Olomuc Fac. Med. 116, 25 (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  50. W. Prebraschensky: Jahresber. Phormacogn. Toxicol. 11, 98 (1876).

    Google Scholar 

  51. E. Jahns: Arch. Pharm. 225, 479 (1887).

    Google Scholar 

  52. E. Schulze and S. Frankfurt: Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges. 27, 769 (1894).

    Google Scholar 

  53. C. A. Salemink, E. Veen and W. E. De Kloet: Planta Med. 13, 211 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  54. Y. Obata, Y. Ishikawa and R. Kitazawa: Bull. Agr. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 24, 670 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  55. V. Kawasniewski: Dtsch. Apothek. Ztg. 94, 1177 (1954).

    Google Scholar 

  56. D. J. Slatkin, N. J. Doorenbas, L. S. Harris, A. N. Masoud, M. W. Quimby and P. L. Schiff: J. Pharm. Sci. 60, 1891 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  57. R. N. Smith, L. V. Jones, J. S. Brennan and C. G. Vaughan: J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 29, 126 (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  58. R. J. J. Lousberg and C. A. Salemink: Pharm. Weekbl. 108, 1 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  59. F. S. El-Feraly and C. E. Turner: Phytochemistry 14, 2304 (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  60. M. A. Elsohly and C. E. Turner: U. N. Secretariat Document ST/SOA/SER. S 154 (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  61. C. A. Lugwig Bercht, J. J. L. Robert, F. J. E. M. Kuppers and C. A. Salemink: Phytochemistry 12, 2457 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  62. E. Steger and I. Lorenz: J. Prakt. Chem. 13, 272 (1961).

    Google Scholar 

  63. E. Ehrlich: Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges. 41, 1453 (1908).

    Google Scholar 

  64. F. K. Klein, H. Rapoport and H. W. Elliot: Nature 232, 258 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  65. C. E. Turner, M. M. Hsu, J. E. Knapp, P. L. Schiff and D. J. Slatkin: J. Pharm. Sci. 65, 1084 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  66. M. A. Elsohly, C. E. Turner, P. J. Schiff, C.-H. Phoebe, J. E. Knapp and D. J. Slatkin: J. Pharm. Sci. 67, 124 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  67. V. K. Sethi, M. P. Jain and R. S. Thakur: Planta Med. 32, 378 (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  68. E. Stahl and R. Kunde: Tetrahedron Lett. 2841 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  69. H. Rybicka and E. Engelbrecht: Phytochemistry 13, 282 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  70. C. E. Turner and M. L. Mole: Phytochemistry 14, 580 (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  71. R. R. Paris, E. Henri and M. Paris: Arch. Pharm. 25, 319 (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  72. H. Rosler, T. J. Mabry and I. Kagan: Chem. Ber. 98, 2193 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  73. A. B. Segelman, F. P. Segelman, A. F. Star, H. Wagner and O. Seligmann: Phytochemistry 17, 824 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  74. R. R. Paris, E. Henri and M. Paris: Plant Med. Phytother 10, 144 (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  75. R. R. Paris, E. Henri and M. Paris: Plant Med. PhytotherC.A. 86, 27653 c (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  76. H. Mendrik, T. M. Malingre, S. Batterman and R. Bos: Phytochemistry 16, 719 (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  77. F. G. Boeren, M. A. Elsohly, C. E. Turner and C. A. Salemink: Experientia 33, 848 (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  78. Y. Shoyama and I. Nishioka: Chem. Pharm. Bull. 26, 3641 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  79. J. J. Kettenes and C. A. Salemink: Recl. Trav. Chim. Pays-Bas 97, 221 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  80. F. S. El-Feraly, M. A. Elsohly, E. G. Boeren, C. E. Turner, T. Ottersen and A. Aasen: Tetrahedron 33, 2373 (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  81. C. A. L. Bercht, J. P. C. M. Van Dongen, W. Heerma, R. J. J. Lousberg and F. J. E. M. Kuppers: Tetrahedron 32, 2939 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  82. H. N. Elsohly and C. E. Turner: Bull. Narc. 34, 51 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  83. L. Crombie, W. Mary, L. Crombie and S. V. Jamieson: Tetrahedron Lett. 664 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  84. H. N. Elsohly and C. E. Turner: Experientia 38, 229 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  85. L. Crombie and W. M. L. Crombie: Tetrahedron Lett. 4711 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  86. H. N. Elsohly, G. Ma, C. E. Turner and M. A. Elsohly: J. Nat. Prod. 47, 445 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  87. L. Crombie, W. M. L. Crombie and S. V. Jamieson: Tetrahedron 21, 3607 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  88. A. M. Scutt, F. J. Evans: Experientia 42, 452 (1986).

    Google Scholar 

  89. E. Small and A. Cronquist: Taxon 25, 405 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  90. V. Bachrach, J. Gurebiteh and D. J. Zaitschek: Immun. 78, 229 (1957).

    Google Scholar 

  91. C.S. Tumosa: Experientia 40, 718 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  92. H. M. Stone and H. M. Stevens: J. Forensic. Sci. Soc. 9, 31 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  93. M. Novotny and M. L. Lee: Experientia 29, 1038 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  94. L. V. S. Hood, M. E. Dames and G. J. Barry: Nature 242, 402 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  95. K. Elkin, L. Pierrou, U. G. Ahlborg, B. Holmstedt and J. E. Lindgren: J. Chromatogr. 81, 47 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  96. S. Agurell et al.: J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 25, 554 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  97. R. F. Skinner: Proc. West. Pharmacol. Soc. 15, 136 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  98. H. Hendriks and P. Bruins: Biomed. Mass. Spectrom. 10, 377 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  99. N. K. McCallum: Pharmacology 11, 33 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  100. P. T. Tsui, K. A. Kelly, M. M. Ponpipom, M. Strahilevitz and A. H. Sehon: Can. J. Biochem. 52, 252 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  101. J. D. Teale, E. J. Forman, L. J. King and V. Marks: Nature 249, 154 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  102. J. D. Teale, E. J. Forman, L. J. King and V. Marks: Lancet 11, 553 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  103. K. A. Kovar and R. Fanzutti: Pharm. Urserer Zeit 16, 33 (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  104. K. K. Kaistha and R. Tadrus: J. Chromatography 237, 528 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  105. W. Haensel and R. Stroemmer: GIT Fachz. Lab. 32, 156, 161 and 164 (1988).

    Google Scholar 

  106. D. N. Tweari and J. D. Sharma: Bull. Narc. 35, 63 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  107. M. M. Idilbi, J. P. Huvenne, G. Fleury, P. Tran Van Ky, P. H. Muller and Y. Moschetto: Analysis 13, 387 (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  108. M. M. Idilbi, J. P. Huvenne, G. Fleury, P. Tran Van Ky, P. H. Muller and Y. Moschetto: Bull. Soc. Pharm. Lille, 41, 33 (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  109. M. M. Idilbi, J. P. Huvenne, G. Fleury, P. Tran Van Ky, P. H. Muller and Y. Moschetto: Bull. Soc. Pharm. Lille, 41, 27 (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  110. Icssue and S. Lorusso: Ran. Chim. 33, 285 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  111. A. Manolis, L. J. McBurney and B. A. Bobbie: Clin. Biochem. 16, 299 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  112. K. Matsubra, S. Takahashi and A. Abane: Forensic. Sci. Int. 32, 259 (1986).

    Google Scholar 

  113. F. Braut-Boucher and N. Paillard: Plant. Med. Phytother. 19, 22 (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  114. C. Law-Berger, E. Stephanou, A. Buchs and I. Kapetanidis: Pharm. Acta. Helv. 58, 48 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  115. K. Harzer and M. Kaechele: J. Chromatogr. 278, 63 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  116. W. A. Joem: J. Anal. Toxicol. 11, 49 (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  117. D. Debruyne, M. Moulin, M. C. Bigot and R. Camsonne: Bull. Narc. 33, 49 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  118. L. Szepesy, M. Horuath, J. Szanto and T. Versess: Symp. Biol. Bung. 267 (1986).

    Google Scholar 

  119. M. E. Alburges and M. A. Peat: J. Forensic. Sci. 31, 695 (1986).

    Google Scholar 

  120. Y. Nakahara and H. Sekine: J. Anal. Toxicol. 9, 121 (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  121. A. P. Mason, R. M. Perez, J. A. McBay and L. R. Foltz: J. Anal. Toxicol. 7, 172 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  122. J. Moerland, A. Bugge, B. Skuterud, A. Steen, G. H. Wethe and T. Kjeldsen: J. Forensic. Sci. 30, 997 (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  123. H. Gong, D. P. Tashkin, J. L. Valentine, M. S. Simmons, S. C. Michaels, A. Virginia and A. H. Gulson: J. Psychoact. Drugs. 20, 103 (1988).

    Google Scholar 

  124. P. Dextrage, W. C. Griffiths, P. Camara, L. Audette and M. Rosner: Ann. Clin. Lab. Sci. 19, 133 (1989).

    Google Scholar 

  125. E. S. Vainerman et al.: Rogozhin, Nahrung, 30, 398 (1986).

    Google Scholar 

  126. S. M. Han and N. Purdie: Anal. Chem. 57, 2068 (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  127. J. Harmon and M. A. Aliapoulios: New Engl. J. Med. 287, 936 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  128. R. C. Kolodny, W. H. Masters, R. M. Kolodner and G. Toro: New Engl. J. Med. 290, 872 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  129. J. H. Mendelson, J. Kuentile, J. Ellingboe and T. F. Babor: New Engl. J. Med. 291, 1051 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  130. A. Merari, A. Barak and M. Plaves: Psychopharmacologia 28, 243 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  131. M. E. Corcoran, A. Amit, C. W. Malsbury and S. Daykin: Res. Commun. Chem. Path. Pharmacol. 25, 373 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  132. V. P. Dixit, V. N. Sharma and N. K. Lohiya: Eur. J. Pharmacol. 26, 11 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  133. V. P. Dixit and N. K. Lohiya: Ind. J. Physio. Pharmacol. 19, 98 (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  134. G. I. Fujimoto, L. C. Krey and L. Macedonia: Cannabinoids: Chem. Pharmacol. Ther. Aspects [Pap. Meet.] 1982, ed., S. Agurell, W. L. Dewey, R. E. Willette, Academic Orlando, Fla. pp 401 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  135. V. P. Dixit, H. C. Jain, O. P. Verma and A. N. Sharma: Ind. J. Exp. Biol. 15, 555 (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  136. V. P. Dixit: Planta Med. 41, 288 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  137. W. Regelson, J. Butter, J. Schultz, T. Kirk, L. Peak, M. L. Green and O. Zakis: In Pharmacology of Marihuana, ed., M. C. Braude, S. Szara, New York: Raven, pp. 763 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  138. K. Cousens and A. Dimascio: Psychopharmacologia 33, 355 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  139. A. G. Morrill, A. B. Kostellow, D. H. Ziegler and G. I. Fujimoto: Pharmacology 26, 20 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  140. C. Y. Hong, D. M. Chatput de Saintonge, P. Turner and J. W. Fairbairn: Hum. Toxicol. 1, 151 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  141. I. Chakravarty and J. J. Ghosh: Biochem. Pharmacol. 30, 273 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  142. J. Herclerode, L. Bird, H. Sawyer, V. Berger, R. M. Mooney and R. Smith Cannabinoids: Chem. Pharmacol. Ther. Aspects [Pap. Meet.] 1982, ed., S. Agurell, W. L. Dewey, R. E. Willette, Academic oralando, Fla. 441 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  143. G. Barnett, C. W. N. Chiang and V. Licko: J. Theor. Biol. 104, 685 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  144. R. C. Kolodny, W. H. Masters, R. M. Kolodner and G. Toro: New Engl. J. Med. 290, 872 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  145. S. Burstein, S. A. Hunter and C. Sedor: Biochem. Pharmacol. 29, 2153 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  146. K. O. Fehr and H. Kalant, eds.: Cannabis and Health Hazards, Addiction Research Foundation Toronto (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  147. R. H. Asch, E. O. Fernandez, C. G. Smith and C. J. Pauerstein: Fertil. Steril. 31, 331 (1919).

    Google Scholar 

  148. C. G. Smith, R. G. Berch, R. G. Smith and P. K. Besch: Fertil. Steril. 31, 335 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  149. B. H. Marks: In Progress in Brain Research/Drug effects on Neuroendocrine Regulation ed. by W. H. Gispin, B. H. Marks and D. Dewied, 10, 331 (1973) Elsevier Publishing Co., Amsterdam.

    Google Scholar 

  150. L. Tyrey: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 213, 306 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  151. J. H. Mendelson, N. K. Mello, J. Ellingbae and A. S. T. Skupny: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 237, 862 (1986).

    Google Scholar 

  152. J. H. Mendelson, N. K. Mello, P. Cristofaro, J. Ellingboe and R. Benedikt: NIDA Res. Monogr. 55, 24 (1985);

    Google Scholar 

  153. J. H. Mendelson, N. K. Mello, P. Cristofaro, J. Ellingboe and R. Benedikt: NIDA Res. Monogr. C. A. 104, 45618 q (1986).

    Google Scholar 

  154. I. Nir, D. Ayalon, A. Tsafriri, T. Cordova and H. R. Lindner: Nature 243, 470 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  155. O. Shinohara, R. T. Henrich and A. Morishima: Biol. Reprod. 29, 663 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  156. L. Haines and W. Green: Brit. J. Addict. 65, 347 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  157. E. G. Williams, C. K. Himmelsbach, A. Wikler and D. C. Ruble: Publ. Heth. Rep. Wash. B1, 1059 (1946).

    Google Scholar 

  158. N. L. Benowitz and R. T. Jones: Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 18, 287 (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  159. L. E. Hollister: Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 12, 44 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  160. R. W. Foltin, J. V. Brady and M. W. Fischman: Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 25, 577 (1986).

    Google Scholar 

  161. I. Greenberg, J. Kuehnle, J. H. Mendelson and J. G. Bernstein: Psycho-pharmacology 49, 79 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  162. S. E. Sallan, N. E. Linberg and E. Frei: New Engl. J. Med. 293, 795 (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  163. J. R. Butter, L. A. Peak, W. Regelson, M. M. Moore and L. A. Lubin: Therapeutic Potential of Marihuana S. Cohen and R. C. Stillman, eds., Plenum, New York, p313 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  164. W. Regelson, J. P. Butler, J. Schultz, T. Kirk, L. Peek, M. L. Green and O. Zakis, in: Int. Conf. Pharmacol. Cannabis, eds. S. Szara, M. C. Braude, Savannah: Raven p313 (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  165. A. E. Chang, D. J. Shiling, R. C. Stillman, N. M. Goldberg, C. A. Seipp, I. Barofsky, R. M. Simon and S. A. Rosenberg: Ann. Intern. Med. 91, 819 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  166. F. Lipparini, A. Scotti de Carolis and V. G. Longo: Physiol. Behav. 4, 527 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  167. C. L. Scheckel, E. Boff, P. Dahlen and T. Smart: Science 160, 1467 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  168. Y. Grunfeld and H. Edery: Psychopharmacologica 14, 200 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  169. D. E. McMillan, L. S. Harris, J. M. Frankenheim and J. S. Kennedy: Science 169, 501 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  170. W. Semple and R. E. Musty, Cannabinnoids: Chem. Pharmacol. Ther. Aspects [Pap. Meet.] 1982, ed. S. Agurell, W. L. Dewey, R. E. Willette, Academic: Orlando, Fla. p563 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  171. L. Vachon, M. X. Fitzgerald, N. H. Solliday, I. A. Gould and E. A. Gaensler: New Engl J. Med. 288, 985 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  172. W. L. Dewey, L. S. Harris and J. S. Kennedy: Arch. Int. Pharmacodyn. Ther. 196, 133 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  173. J. Masur, R. M. W. Martz and E. A. Carlini: Psychopharmacologia 19, 388 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  174. W. G. Drew, L. L. Miller and A. Wikler: Psychopharcologia 23, 289 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  175. G. B. Chesher, C. J. Dahl, M. Evenngham, D. M. Jackson, H. Merchant and G. A. Starmer: Brit. J. Pharmacol. 49, 588 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  176. P. F. Anderson, D. M. Jacks and G. B. Chesher: J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 26, 136 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  177. D. Sengupta, I. Chakravorty, S. C. Dutta and J. J. Ghosh: Ind. J. Biochem. Biophys. 14, 93 (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  178. R. S. Helper and I. M. Frank: J. Am. Med. Assoc. 217, 1372 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  179. T. J. Zimmerman, B. Leader and H. E. Kaufman: Annu Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 20, 415 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  180. J. C. Merritt, W. J. Crawford, P. C. Alexander, A. L. Anduze and S. S. Gelbert: Ophthalmology 87, 222 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  181. D. Shapiro: Ophthalmologica 168, 366 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  182. W. D. Purnell and J. M. Gregg: Ann. Ophthalmol. 7, 921 (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  183. R. S. Helper, I. M. Frank and J. T. Underbeader: Am. J. Ophthalmol. 74, 1185 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  184. J. F. Cuendet, D. Shapiro, A. Colanea, A. Faggional and R. Duerey: Ophthalmologica 172, 122 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  185. P. Coller and J. M. Gregg: Ther. Potential Marihuana. Proc. Conf., ed. R. C. Stillman, S. Cohen, Sydney, Plenum, New York, 77 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  186. P. Coller and J. M. Gregg: South Med. J. 70, 951 (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  187. B. K. Colasanti, R. E. Brown and C. R. Craig: Gen. Pharmacol. 15, 479 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  188. H. M. Deutsch, K. Green and L. H. Zalkow: J. Clin. Pharmacol. 21, 479 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  189. K. Green, K. Cheeks, K. A. Bowman, L. C. Hodges, H. M. Deutsch and L. H. Zalkow: Curr. Eye Res. 3, 751 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  190. K. Green, K. Cheeks, T. Mittag, M. V. Riley, C. M. Symonds, H. M. Deutsch, L. C. Hodges and L. H. Zalkow: Curr. Eye. Res. 4, 631 (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  191. K. Green, L. H. Zalkow, H. M. Deutsch, M. E. Yablonski, N. Oliver, C. M. Symonds and R. D. Elijah: Curr. Eye. Res. 1, 65 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  192. L. C. Hodges, H. M. Deutsch, K. Green and L. H. Zalkow: Carbohydr. Polym. 5, 141 (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  193. G. K. Bigger, J. Kim and K. Bowman: Exp. Eye. Res. 24, 189 (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  194. K. Green: Curr. Topics. Eye. Res. 1, 175 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  195. K. Green and K. Kim: Invest. Ophthalmol. 15, 102 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  196. B. K. Calasanti, R. E. Brown and C. R. Craig: Gen. Pharmacol. 15, 479 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  197. B. K. Calasanti, C. R. Craig and R. D. Allara: Exp. Eye. Res. 39, 251 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  198. B. K. Calasanti: J. Ocul. Pharmacol. 2, 295 (1986).

    Google Scholar 

  199. F. Ames: J. Ment. Sci. 104, 972 (1958).

    Google Scholar 

  200. M. A. Y. Dhai: Fed. Proc. Fed. Am. Soc. Exp. Biol. 10, 290 (1951).

    Google Scholar 

  201. L. E. Hollister and G. M. Reaven: Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 16, 297 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  202. E. S. Podolsky, G. C. Pattarina and M. A. Amaral: Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 791, 54 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  203. E. L. M. Sourogy, A. Y. Malek and H. H. Ibrahim: J. Egypt. Med. Assoc. 49, 626 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  204. C. M. Soni and M. L. Gupta: 16th Ann. Conf. Assoc. Physiol. Pharmacol. 55 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  205. B. Loscalzo: Riv. Tossicol. Sper. Clin. 5, 555 (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  206. R. K. Kubena, I. Cavero, B. S. Jandhyala and J. P. Buckley: Pharmacologist 13, 247 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  207. W. L. Dewey, T. C. Peng and L. S. Harris: Eur. J. Pharmacol. 12, 382 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  208. B. Loscalzo and T. DiNapoli: Riv. Tossicol. Sper. Clin. 7, 103 (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  209. O. Prasad, M. Kumar, G. N. Melville and S. R. Wray: West. Indian Med. J. 32, 27 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  210. B. Nazar, D. J. Kairys, R. Fowler and J. Herclerode: J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 29, 778 (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  211. J. R. Milzoff, R. Martz and R. N. Harger: Fed. Proc. Fed. Am. Soc. Exp. Biol. 31, 505 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  212. J. L. Martinez, S. W. Stadnicki and U. H. Schaeppi: Life Sci. 11, 643 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  213. W. L. Dewey, J. Jenkins, T. O. Rourke and L. S. Harris: Arch. Int. Pharmacodyn. 198, 118 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  214. M. K. Birmingham: Brit. J. Pharmacol. 48, 169 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  215. D. S. Kosersky: Arch. Int. Pharmacodyn. Ther. 233, 76 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  216. M. D. Adams, J. T. Earnhardt, W. L. Dewey and L. S. Harris: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 196, 649 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  217. D. M. F. Li and J. P. C. Chung: Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol. 5, 207 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  218. D. M. Buxbaum: Psychopharmacology 25, 275 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  219. A. T. Dren: In The Therapeutics Potential of Marihuana ed., S. Cohen and R. C. Stillman, p439 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  220. Y. Grunfield and H. Edery: Psychopharmacology 14, 200 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  221. R. D. Sofia, S. D. Nalepa, J. J. Harakal and H. B. Vassar: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 186, 646 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  222. I. G. Karnial and E. A. Carlini: Psychopharmacology 33, 53 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  223. R. N. Noyes, S. F. Brunk, D. H. Avery and A. Canter: Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 18, 84 (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  224. R. N. Noyes, S. F. Brunk, D. A. Baram and A. Canter: J. Clin. Pharmacol. 15, 139 (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  225. M. Segal: In Cannabinods as Therapeutics Agents, R. Mechoulam, ed., CRC Press, Boca Raton FL. p105 (1986).

    Google Scholar 

  226. W. L. Dewey, L. H. Harris and J. S. Kennedy: Arch. Int. Pharmacodyn. Ther. 196, 133 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  227. J. F. Howes and P. F. Osgood: Pharmacologist 16, 259 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  228. R. S. Wilson and E. L. May: In the Marihuana ed., M. C. Braude, S. Szara, pl37–138, New York, Raven (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  229. S. K. Bhattacharya, B. K. Jaiswal, P. K. S. P. Reddy and P. K. Das: Ind. J. Pharmacol. 7, 58 (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  230. B. D. Gorlitz and H. H. Frey: Eur. J. Pharmacol. 20, 171 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  231. R. Samanin and L. Valzelli: Arch. Int. Pharmacodyn. 196, 138 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  232. R. D. Sofia, B. N. Dixit and H. Barry: Life Sci. 10, 425 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  233. J. J. Schildkrant and D. H. Efron: Psychopharmacologia 20, 191 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  234. G. Jonsson and K. Fuxe: Acta Pharmacol. Toxicol. 31, 6 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  235. P. Ghosh and S. K. Bhattacharya: Ind. J. Med. Res. 70, 275 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  236. B. R. Martin: Life Sci. 36, 1523 (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  237. A. W. Zurardi, I. Shiratawa, E. Finkelfarb and I. G. Karniol: Psychopharmacology 76, 245 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  238. R. Noyes, S. Brunk, D. Baram and A. Canter: In the Pharmacology of Marihuana, ed., M. C. Braude, S. Szara, p833 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  239. S. Y. Hill, R. Schwin, D. W. Goodwin and B. J. Powel: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 188, 415 (1914).

    Google Scholar 

  240. T. Allen: New Engl. J. Med. 294, 168 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  241. H. A. Nieburg, F. Margolin and B. R. Seligman: New Engl. J. Med. 294, 168 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  242. R. D. Sofia, W. D. Diamantis, J. E. Harrison and J. Melton: Pharmacology 17, 173 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  243. L. S. Harris, A. E. Manson, M. A. Friedman and W. L. Dewey: Pharmacologist 16, 259 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  244. L. S. Harris, A. E. Menson and R. Carchman: In the Pharmacology of Marihuana, ed., M. C. Braude, S. Szara, p749 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  245. R. D. Sofia, L. C. Knobloch and N. B. Vessar: Res. Commun. Chem. Pathol. Pharmacol. 6, 909 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  246. R. D. Sofia, S. D. Nalepa, H. B. Vassar and L. C. Knobloch: Life Science 15, 251 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  247. S. Burstein, E. Levin and C. Varanell: Biochem. Pharmacol. 22, 2905 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  248. E. A. Formukong, A. T. Evans and F. J. Evans: Inflammation 12, 361 (1988).

    Google Scholar 

  249. A. B. Segalman, R. D. Sofia, F. P. Segalman, J. J. Herakal and L. C. Knobloch: J. Pharm. Sci. 63, 962 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  250. W. A. Devane, J. W. Spain, C. J. Coseia and A. C. Howlett: J. Neurochem. 46, 1929 (1986).

    Google Scholar 

  251. S. Burstein: PCT Int. Appl. Wo. 8901, 332, 23. Februar (1989).

    Google Scholar 

  252. E. L. Abel: “Pharmacology and Experimental Psychology”, C. W. P. M. Paton and J. Crown, ed., Oxford Univ. Press. London and New York, (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  253. S. Kaymakcalan and G. A. Deneav: Pharmacologist 13, 247 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  254. B. A. Leonard: Pharm. Res. Commun. 3, 139 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  255. D. Holtzman, R. A. Lovell, J. H. Jaffe and D. X. Freedman: Science 163, 1464 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  256. P. Lomax: Res. Commun. Chem. Pathol. Pharmacol. 2, 159 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  257. I. E. Waskow, J. E. Olsson, C. Salzman and M. M. Katz: Arch. Gen. Psychiat. 22, 97 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  258. W. D. M. Paton, R. G. Pertwee and D. M. Temple. In Cannabis and its Derivatives: Pharmacology and Experimental Psychology, ed., W. D. M. Paton and J. Crown, Oxford Univ. Press. London and New York (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  259. T. U. C. Jarbe: Arch. Int. Pharmacodyn. Ther. 231, 49 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  260. R. L. Carasso, S. Yehuda and R. Frommer: Int. J. Neurosci. 8, 65 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  261. A. S. Bloom, K. M. Johnson and W. L. Dewey: Res. Commun. Chem. Pathol. Pharmacol. 20, 51 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  262. A. Lecorsier, H. Hoellinger, H. N. Nguyen and E. Fournier: C.R. Hebd. Seances Acad. Sci. Ser. D 285, 1351 (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  263. F. Braut-Boucher, M. Paris, H. Hoellinger, H. N. Nguyen and E. Fournier: Toxicol. Eur. Res. 2, 175 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  264. E. S. Watson, J. C. Murphy and C. E. Turner: J. Pharm. Sci. 72, 954 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  265. R. Gordon, R. J. Gordon and R. D. Sofia: Eur. J. Pharmacol. 35, 309 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  266. J. D. P. Graham, B. H. Davies, A. Seaton and R. M. Weatherstone. In the Pharmacology of Marihuana, ed., M. C. Braude, S. Szara, New York: Raven, p269 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  267. D. P. Tashkin, B. J. Shapiro and I. M. Frank: New Engl. J. Med. 289, 336 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  268. M. Laviolelle and J. Belanger: Respiration 49, 10 (1986).

    Google Scholar 

  269. D. P. Tashkin, B. J. Shapiro and I. M. Frank: Am. Rev. Resp. Dis. 109, 420 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  270. R. T. Abboud and H. D. Sanders: Chest 70, 480 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  271. J. P. R. Hartley, S. G. Nagrady, A. Seaton and J. P. D. Graham: Brit. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 5, 523 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  272. H. Gong, D. P. Tashkin, M. S. Simmons, B. Calvarse and B. J. Shapiro: Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 35, 26 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  273. J. R. Clapp, M. Wesley, R. Cooke, R. Pekala and C. Holstein: Alcohol Drug Res. 7,85 (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  274. R. A. Benedikt, P. Cristofaro, J. H. Mendelson and N. K. Mello: Psychopharmacology 90, 14 (1986).

    Google Scholar 

  275. C. R. Nemeth, J. E. Henningfield, M. K. O’Keeffe and R. R. Griffiths: Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 25, 659 (1986).

    Google Scholar 

  276. W. R. Fottin, W. M. Fischman, J. J. Pedroso and D. G. Pearlson: Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 28, 459 (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  277. J. E. Cone, P. Welch and W. R. Lange: Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 29, 649 (1988).

    Google Scholar 

  278. B. Sieber, M. R. Frischknecht and P. G. Waser: Gen. Pharmacol 13, 315 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  279. H. R. Frischknecht, B. Siegfried, M. Schiller and P. G. Waser: Marihuana “84” Proc. Oxford Symp. Cannabis 303 (1984);

    Google Scholar 

  280. H. R. Frischknecht, B. Siegfried, M. Schiller and P. G. Waser: Marihuana “84” Proc. Oxford Symp. CannabisC. A. 104, 28705y (1986).

    Google Scholar 

  281. B. Sieber: Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 17, 209 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  282. B. C. Bose, A. Q. Saifi and A. W. Bhagwat: Arch. Int. Pharmacodyn. Ther. 141, 520 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  283. Garriott, L. S. King, R. B. Forney and F. W. Hughes: Life Sci. 6, 2119 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  284. W. D. M. Paton and R. G. Pertwee: Brit. J. Pharmacol. 44, 250 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  285. G. B. Chesher, D. M. Jackson and G. A. Starmer: Brit. J. Pharmacol. 50, 593 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  286. R. Malor, D. M. Jackson and C. B. Chesker: J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 27, 610 (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  287. R. D. Sofia and L. C. Knobloch: Arch. Int. Pharmacodyn. 207, 270 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  288. R. K. Stoelting: Anesthesiology 38, 521 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  289. T. S. Vitez, W. L. Way, R. D. Miller and E. I. Eger: Anesthesiology 38, 525 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  290. S. Loewe and L. S. Goodman: Fed. Proc. 6, 352 (1947).

    Google Scholar 

  291. K. F. Killam and E. K. Killam: 5th Int. Congr. Pharmacol. 124 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  292. B. S. Meldrum, R. G. Fariello, E. A. Puil, M. Derouaux and R. Naguet: Epilepsia 15,255 (1914).

    Google Scholar 

  293. D. M. Feeney, M. Spiker and G. K. Weiss: In the Therapeutics Potential of Marihuana, ed., S. Cohen, R. C. Stillman, New York: Plenum, p343 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  294. M. T. Ham, W. H. Loskota and P. Lomax: Eur. J. Pharmacol. 31, 148 (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  295. B. F. Schneiderman and P. Consore: Dev. Psychobiol. 16, 147 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  296. E. A. Carlini, J. R. Leite, M. Tannhauser and A. C. Berard: J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 25,664 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  297. P. Consroe and A. Walkin: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 201, 26 (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  298. R. Karler and S. A. Turkanis: J. Clin. Pharmacol. 21, 437 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  299. P. Consroe, A. Martin and V. Singh: J. Clin. Pharmacol. 21, 428 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  300. J. M. Cunha, E. A. Carlini, E. E. Pereira, C. Pimentel, R. Gagliardi, L. W. Sanvito, N. Lander and R. Mechoulam: Pharmacology 21, 175 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  301. J. Kotin, R. Post and R. Goodwin: Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 28, 345 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  302. I. Feinberg, R. Jones, J. Walker, C. Cavness and T. Floyd: Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 19, 782 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  303. G. Tayal, L. Gupta, S. S. Agarwal and B. B. Arora: Ind. J. Exp. Biol. 12, 375 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  304. V. N. Sharma, R. Singh and V. Krishna: Ind. J. Pharmac. 7, 16 (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  305. E. F. Domino: J. Clin. Pharmacol. 21, 249 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  306. J. R. Butler, L. A. Peek, W. Regelson, M. M. Moore and L. A. Lubin: In Therapeutic potential of Marihuana, ed., S. Cohen, R. C. Stillman, New York: Plenum, p313 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  307. K. Cousens and A. DiMascio: Psychopharmacologia 33, 355 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  308. J. T. Pickens: Brit. J. Pharmacol 72, 649 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  309. S. Loewe: In the Marihuana Problems in the city of New York. Jacques Cattell Press. Lancaster, Pennsylvania p149 (1944).

    Google Scholar 

  310. R. K. Kubena and H. Barry: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 173, 94 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  311. W. D. M. Paton and R. G. Pertwee: Brit. J. Pharmacol. 44, 250 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  312. J. C. Krantz, H. J. Berger and B. L. Welch: Am. J. Pharm. 143, 149 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  313. R. D. Sofia and H. Barry: Eur. J. Pharmacol. 13, 134 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  314. W. D. M. Paton and R. G. Pertwee: Brit. J. Pharmacol. 44, 250 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  315. D. R. Jasinski, C. A. Heartzen and H. Isbell: New York Acad. Sci. Symposium on Marihuana, New York (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  316. L. Lemberger, S. D. Silberstein, J. Axelrod and I. J. Kopin: Science 170, 1320 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  317. I. M. Nillson, J. L. Sagurell, G. Nilsson, A. Ohlsson, F. Sandberg and M. Wahlquist: Science 165, 122 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  318. L. Lemberger, J. Axelrod and I. J. Kopin: Communication from Laboratory of Clinical Sciences, National Institute of Mental Health. Bethesda. Maryland, USA (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  319. J. P. Morgan: J. Psychoact. Drugs 20, 107 (1988).

    Google Scholar 

  320. C. W. N. Chiang and G. Banett: Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 36, 234 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  321. E. J. Cone, R. E. Johnson, W. D. Darwin and D. Yousefnejad: J. Anal. Toxical. 11, 89 (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  322. R. M. Abrams, C. E. Cook, K. H. Davis, K. Miederreither, M. J. Jaeger and H. H. Szeto: Alcohol Drug Res. 6, 361 (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  323. M. Widman, M. Nordquist, S. Agurell, J. E. Lindgreen and F. Sandberg: Biochem. Pharmacol. 23, 1163 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  324. L. Lemberger, N. R. Tamarkin, J. Axelrod and I. J. Kopin: Science 173, 72 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  325. R. D. Sofia and H. Barry: Res. Commun. Chem. Pathol. Pharmacol. 5, 91 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  326. D. Kupfer, E. Levin and S. H. Burstein: Chem. Biol. Interact. 6, 59 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  327. J. Marcotte and H. P. Witschi: Res. Commun. Chem. Pathol. Pharmacol. 4, 561 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  328. W. Witschi and B. Saint-François: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 23, 165 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  329. F. S. Skelton and H. P. Witschi: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 27, 551 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  330. M. L. Greene and D. R. Saunders: Gastroenterology 66, 365 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, India

    Renu Seth & Shradha Sinha

Authors
  1. Renu Seth
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Shradha Sinha
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Basel, Switzerland

    Ernst Jucker

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1991 Birkhäuser Verlag Basel

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Seth, R., Sinha, S. (1991). Chemistry and pharmacology of cannabis. In: Jucker, E. (eds) Progress in Drug Research / Fortschritte der Arzneimittelforschung / Progrès des recherches pharmaceutiques. Progress in Drug Research / Fortschritte der Arzneimittelforschung / Progrès des recherches pharmaceutiques, vol 36. Birkhäuser Basel. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-7136-5_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-7136-5_3

  • Publisher Name: Birkhäuser Basel

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-0348-7138-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-0348-7136-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation