Abstract
During the last ten to fifteen years tremendous progress has been made in the construction of new physico-chemical measuring instruments and in the development of suitable methods of measurement. This is due, to a considerable extent, to the development of electronics. Formerly chemists were largely, if not completely, dependent upon chemical methods of analysis. These are not only tedious and time consuming but also require a considerable quantity of the compound to be analyzed if its chemical structure is to be ascertained. Furthermore a long synthesis often had to be employed to verify the structure of a product which had been isolated. At present, however, by making use of the newest physico-chemical methods, the structure of a chemical substance may be examined quickly and only very small quantities are required.
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Literature Summary
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Indole Derivatives
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Aromatic Hydrocarbons
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Pyridine and Quinoline Derivatives
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Pyrrole Derivatives
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Steroids (without Vitamin D, see under Vitamins, without steroid alkaloids, see under alkaloids)
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J. W. Goldzieher and P. K. Besch, Fluorescence and absorption spectra of some corticosteroids in sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid, Anal. Chem. 30, 962 (1958).
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A. L. Livingston, E. M. Bickoff, J. Guggolz, and C. R. Thompson, Alfalfa estrogens. Quantitative determination of coumestrol in fresh and dried alfalfa, J. Agr. Food Chem. 9, 135 (1961).
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J. C. Touchstone, R. A. Keisman, A. F. Marcantonio, and J. W. Greene, Phosohoryl chloride enhancement of the fluorescence of steroids in sulfuric acid, Anal. Chem. 30, 1707 (1958).
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R. Scholler, L. Longchampt, and M. F. Jayle, Dosage fluor escimétrique des phénolsteroides en milieu acide, Bull. Soc. Chim. France 1960, 189.
M. Sartini Lucas, Identification of follicular hormones, Rev. Quim. Farm. (Rio de Janeiro) 10, 21 (1945).
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L. Fierro-del-Rio and D. Arrieta-Aupart, Estimation of estrone with antimony trichloride, Rev. Inst. Salubridad y Enfermed Trop. 10, 167 (1949).
G. M. Schull, J. L. Sardinas, and R. C. Nubel, Paper chromatography of steroid compounds, Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 37, 186 (1952).
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R. H. Herman and J. Bruton, Reaction of antimony pentachloride with pregnane-3α,17α, 20α-triol, pregnane-3α,17α,20α-triol-11-one and other adrenal cortical steroids, Nature 190, 444 (1961).
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A. Puck, Erfahrungen mit der Bestimmung der Oestrogene durch Fluoreszenz nach papier-chromatographischer Trennung, Klin. Wochenschrift 33, 865 (1955).
D. Abelson and Ph. K. Bondy, Fluorometric determination of Δ 4-3-keto-steroids, Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 57, 208 (1955).
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Ch. Dhere and L. Laszi, Etude spectro chimique (absorption et fluorescence) de la reaction de Salkowski. — Cholesterol, C.R. Soc. Biol. Paris 142, 1422 (1948).
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K. B. Jensen, Fluorimetric determination of gitoxigenin, Acta Pharm. Tox. 8, 101 (1952).
K. B. Jensen, Paper Chromatographic separation and fluorometric determination of gitoxin, gitoxigenin and purpurea glycoside B, Acta Pharm. Tox. 8, 110 (1952).
Y. Sasakawa, Studies on digitalis.-V. Products in the reaction of B series glycosides purpurea L. with Jensen’s reagent for fluorescence determinations, J. Pharm. Soc. Japan 79, 575 (1959).
J. F. A. Fruytier and J. A. C. Van Pinxteren, Fluorometric determination of gitoxin, Pharm. Weekblad. 89, 99 (1954).
K. B. Jensen, Fluorometric determination of digitoxigenin, Acta Pharm. Tox. 9, 66 (1953).
K. Moza and S. K. Ganguly, Detection of digoxin and its hydrolytic products, J. Sci. Industr. Res. 158, 17 (1956).
K. B. Jensen, a) Paper chromatography of cardiac glycoside and aglycones from digitalis purpurea, Acta Pharm. Tox. 9, 99 (1953).
K. B. Jensen, b) Paper chromatography of new glycosides in digitalis purpurea, Acta Pharm. Tox. 9, 275 (1953).
K. B. Jensen, c) Paper Chromatographic separation and fluorometric determination of cardiac glycosides and aglycones from digitalis purpurea, Acta Pharm. Tox. 10, 69 (1954).
K. B. Jensen, c) Paper Chromatographic separation and fluorometric determination of cardiac glycosides and aglycones from digitalis purpurea, Acta Pharm. Tox. 10, 347 (1954)
K. B. Jensen, c) Paper Chromatographic separation and fluorometric determination of cardiac glycosides and aglycones from digitalis purpurea, Acta Pharm. Tox. 12, 20 (1956)
K. B. Jensen, c) Paper Chromatographic separation and fluorometric determination of cardiac glycosides and aglycones from digitalis purpurea, Acta Pharm. Tox. 12, 20, 27 (1956)
K. B. Jensen, c) Paper Chromatographic separation and fluorometric determination of cardiac glycosides and aglycones from digitalis purpurea, Acta Pharm. Tox. 12, 27 (1956)
K. B. Jensen, c) Paper Chromatographic separation and fluorometric determination of cardiac glycosides and aglycones from digitalis purpurea, Acta Pharm. Tox. 13, 381 (1957)
M. Pesez, Dosage fluorimétrique du gitoxoside, Ann. Pharm. France 8, 746 (1950).
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H. Schindler, Über die Verfälschung von Adonis vernalis L. durch Adonis aestivalis L., Süddeutsche Apotheker-Zeitung 88, 427 (1948).
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Vitamins and Chemically Related Compounds
A. Fujita and M. Aoyama, Fluorimetric determination of Vitamin A, Vitamins 4, 15, 174 (1951).
D. E. Dugan, R. L. Bowman, B. B. Brodie, and S. Udenfriend, A spectrophotofluorometric study of compounds of biological interest, Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 68, 1 (1957).
H. Sabotka, S. Kann, and W. Winternitz, Fluorophotometric analysis of Vitamin A esters, J. Biol. Chem. 152, 635 (1944).
A. Fujita and M. Aoyama, Fluorometric determination of Vitamin A, J. Biochem. Japan 38, 271 (1951).
A. Fujita and M. Aoyama, J. Biochem. Japan 40, 157 (1953).
N. K. De, Fluorometric method for Vitamin A assay, Indian J. Med. Res. 43, 391 (1955).
H. N. Brocklesby and N. J. Rogers, Fluorometric analysis, Fisheries Res. Board Can. Progress Repts. Pacific Coast Stas. 50, 4 (1941).
D. F. Clausen and R. E. Brown, Determination of thiamine in bread by the thiochrome method [A comparison of phosphatase-containing enzyme preparation), Ind. Eng. Chem. Anal. Ed. 15, 100 (1943).
R. Mukudan and V. B. Rama Sastri, Indian J. Med. Res. 36, 405 (1948).
S. H. Rubin, E. De Ritter, E. Febbraro, and F. W. Jahns, J. Cereal. Chem. 25, 52 (1948).
J. Bowman, Intern. Rev. Vitamin Res. 19, 386 (1948).
M. Hoshino and H. Ueno, Ann. Repts. Takeda Res. Lab. 8, 102 (1949).
Y. Nose and T. Tashiro, J. Japan. Biochem. Soc. 21, 130 (1949).
F. G. Stock, The estimation of vitamin B 1 using the fluorimeter; the preparation of the standard curve, Analyst 75, 499 (1950).
H. N. Ridyard, Theoretical and practical considerations in the determination of aneurine (vitamin B1) with special reference to the recovery factor, Analyst 75, 634 (1950).
L. Domange and S. Longuevalle, Separation of vitamin B 1 from other interfering fluorescent substances. Mixture of vitamin B 1 and sodium salicylate, Pharm. Weekblad 90, 119 (1955).
W. E. Ohnesorge and L. B. Rogers, Fluorometric determination of thiamine and riboflavine in mixture, Anal. Chem. 28, 1017 (1956).
R. A. Brown, E. Hartzler, G. Peacock, and A. D. Emmett, Determination of vitamin B 1 (thiamine) in extracts and concentrates, Ind. Eng. Chem. Anal. Ed. 15, 497 (1943).
H. N. Ridyard, Analyst 74, 18 (1948).
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A. B. Carlson, W. F. Neumann, and A. L. Underwood, Pamphlet Atomic Energy Comm. Oak Ridge M.D.D.C. 941 (1947).
Y. De Heptinne and A. Wilmes, Determination of vitamin B 1 by the thiochrome method, Fermentation 1956, 3.
R. Pleticha, Chromatographisch-polarographische Studie über Thiamin. — Fluorimetrische Messungen zur Frage des Ersatzes der enzymatischen Digestion durch saure Hydrolyse, Pharmazie 15, Nr. 3, 108 (1960).
R. Patrick and J. F. H. Wright, Analyst 74, 303 (1949).
L. Petit, The determination and the distribution of aneurine in wheat, in flour and in bread. Apparatus for measuring the fluorescence of solutions. Ann. Inst. Natl. Recherche Agron., Ser. A, Ann. Agron. 1, 41 (1950).
H. Williams and F. Wokes, The fluorimetric assay of aneurine. A comparison of the United States Pharmacopoeia XIII and other methods, Quart. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 20, 240 (1947).
E. H. Mawson and S. Y. Thompson, A note on the estimation of vitamin B 1 in urine, Biochem. J. 43, 2 (1948).
M. Beran and V. Sicko, Paper chromatography of vitamin B 1, Chem. Listy 45, 154 (1951).
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B. S. Wostmann and L. P. Knight, The effect of methyl alcohol on the conversion of thiamine to thiochrome, Experientia 16, 500 (1960).
M. Fujiwara and K. Matsui, Determination of thiamine by the thiochrome reaction, Anal. Chem. 25, 810 (1953).
K. V. Giri and S. Balakrishnan, Circular paper Chromatographic method for estimation of thiamine and riboflavin in multi vitamin preparations, Anal. Chem. 27, 1178 (1955).
H. Wachsmuth, New reacting of vitamin B 1 Vitamin B 1 as a reagent, J. Pharm. Belge 5, 300 (1950).
K. Yagi, T. Tabata, E. Kotaki, and T. Arakawa, Fluorometric. analysis of vitamins. — III. Fluorescence spectra of thiochrome and other similar fluorescent substances, Vitamins 9, 391 (1955).
F. Kavanagh and R. H. Goodwin, The relationship between pH and fluorescence of several organic compounds, Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 20, 315 (1949).
D. F. Clausen and R. E. Brown, Determination of thiaamine with the thiochrome method. Effects of temperature and dissolved oxygen on fluorescence of quinine standard and of thiochrome, Ind. Eng. Chem. Anal. Ed. 16, 572 (1944).
P. Ellinger and M. Holden, Quenching effect of electrolytes on the fluorescence intensity of riboflavin and thiochrome, Biochem. J. 38, 147 (1944).
R. E. Johnson, F. Sargent, P. F. Robinson and F. C. Consolazion, Estimation of riboflavin, thiamine and N 1-methylnicotinamide. — Rapid field methods, Ind. Eng. Chem. 17, 384 (1945).
W. E. Ohnesorge and L. E. Rogers, Fluorometric determination of thiamine and riboflavin in mixture, Anal. Chem. 28, 1017 (1956).
A. Gourevitch, Sur les mesures fluorimétriques de la concentration de la riboflavine, Bull. Soc. Chim. France 30, 711 (1948).
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P. Cerletti and P. Ipata, Determination of riboflavin and its coenzymes in tissues, Biochem. J. 75, 119 (1960).
K. Yagi, H. Tabata, E. Kotaki, and T. Arakawa, Fluorometric analysis of vitamins. II. — Fluorescence spectra of riboflavin and similar fluorescent substances, Vitamins 8, 61 (1955).
T. B. Mann, Analyst 71, 166 (1946).
J. M. A. Samaiego and D. Salgado, Metodo fluorofotometrico para la valoracion de lactoflavina, Rev. Espan. Fisiol. 3, 55 (1947).
G. Graziani and M. Giordano, Boll. Soc. Ital. Biol. 24, 685 (1948).
J. Antener and H. Berger, Vitamin B 2-und Porphyrinausscheidung im Harn bei einem Patienten mit chronischer hereditärer Koproporphyrie, Int. Z. Vit. Forsch. 27, 233 (1957).
M. Bercovici, The fluorimetric determination of vitamin B 2 in native products in the presence of other vitamins, Rev. Chim. Bucharest 9, 335 (1958).
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D. E. Duggan, R. L. Bowman, B. B. Brodie, and S. Udenfriend, A spectrophotofluorometric study of compounds of biological interest, Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 68, 1 (1957).
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K. Yagi, Microdetermination of riboflavin, flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine (FAD) by filter paper, J. Biochem. Japan 38, 161 (1951).
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A. P. Jansen, Microbiological vitamin determination and the chemical determination of lactoflavin, Chem. Weekblad 46, 717 (1950).
A. P. Jansen, Determination of riboflavin according to the lumiflavin method, Rec. Trav. Chim. Pays-Bas 69, 1275 (1950).
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H. Roth, Weiterentwicklung der Lumiflavin-Methode zur fluorimetrischen Bestimmung des Vitamins B 2 in Pflanzen, Biochem. J. 320, 355 (1950).
K. Yagi, Simplified lumiflavin method for the microdetermination of flavin compounds in animal tissues, J. Biochem. Japan 43, 635 (1956).
I. Tschiguro, Riboflavin-like fluorescent Substances in human urine, J. Vitaminology 2, 264 (1956).
L. Rosner, E. Lerner, and H. J. Canon, Use of enzyme in riboflavin determination. Free and combined riboflavin, Ind. Eng. Chem. Anal. Ed. 17, 778 (1945).
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S. Kozuka and Y. Nose, Vitamin assays. XXXIII. — Estimation of riboflavin in the urine with the lumiflavin method, Igaku to Seibutsugaku (Med. and Biol.) 16, 56 (1950).
T. Wada and Y. Sakurai, The reason potassium permanganate treatment lowers the values determined in the lumiflavin method, Repts. Sci. Res. Inst. (Japan) 26, 25 (1950).
K. Yagi, Lumiflavin method, Igaku to Seibutsugaku (Med. and Biol.) 18, 264 (1951).
B. D. Morell and E. C. Slater, The fluorimetric determination of riboflavin in urine, Biochem. J. 40, 652 (1946).
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D. B. Coursin and V. C. Brown, Measurement of compounds of vitamin B 6 groups, Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 98, 315 (1958).
P. Moller, The fluorimetric measurements of 4-pyridoxic acid in normal urine, Acta Chem. Scand. 5, 1418 (1951).
A. Fujita, K. Matsuura, and K. Fujino, Fluorometric determination of vitamin B 6, Vitaminology 1, 267 (1955).
(a) Determination of Pyridoxin, ibid., 276.
(b) Determination of Pyridoxamin, ibid., 275.
III. Fractional determination of pyridoxal and 4-pyridoxic acid, ibid., 279.
F. Kavanagh and R. H. Goodwin, The relationship between pH and fluorescence of several organic compounds, Arch. Biochem. 20, 315 (1949).
H. Wolf, Vitamin B 6. — I. Zur Bestimmung von 4-Pyridoxinsäure im Harn, Zeiss-Mitteilungen 1, 73 (1957).
S. K. Reddy, M. S. Reynolds, and J. M. Price, The determination of 4-pyridoxic acid in human urine. J. Biol. Chem. 233, 691 (1958).
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Leemann, H.G., Stich, K., Thomas, M. (1963). Physico Chemical Methods in Pharmaceutical Chemistry I. Spectrofluorometry. In: Jucker, E. (eds) Progress in Drug Research / Fortschritte der Arzneimittelforschung / Progrès des recherches pharmaceutiques. Progress in Drug Research / Fortschritte der Arzneimittelforschung / Progrès des Recherches Pharmaceutiques, vol 6. Birkhäuser Basel. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-7050-4_3
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