Zusammenfassung
Viele ungelöste Probleme der Mathematik sind berühmt (oder berüchtigt), das Eigenschaftswort „wohlbekannt“ wird jedoch mehr zur Charakterisierung von Problemen der Zahlentheorie als zur Beschreibung von Problemen anderer Gebiete verwendet. Der Grund hierfür ist, daß sich in der Zahlentheorie Probleme, die einfach klingen und bei denen nur die elementarsten Begriffe der Arithmetik auftreten, als außerordentlich schwierig erwiesen haben. Aufgrund der Berühmtheit gewisser ungelöster Probleme (man denke z.B. an die Fermatsche Vermutung oder die Frage nach der Existenz einer ungeraden vollkommenen Zahl) tauchen regelmäßig Behauptungen auf, daß Lösungen gefunden worden seien. Alle diese Behauptungen haben sich jedoch als falsch herausgestellt, was den Bekanntheitsgrad dieser Probleme weiter erhöht. Zum Nimbus des Geheimnisvollen trägt auch die lange Geschichte einiger dieser Probleme bei: die Fermatsche Vermutung wurde vor vier Jahrhunderten formuliert, die Suche nach vollkommenen Zahlen begann bereits vor über zweitausend Jahren.
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Klee, V., Wagon, S. (1997). Zahlentheorie. In: Alte und neue ungelöste Probleme in der Zahlentheorie und Geometrie der Ebene. Birkhäuser, Basel. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-6073-4_2
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