Multilevel Methods for Fast Solution of N-Body and Hybrid Systems

Abstract

Many physical problems entail the task of simultaneously solving Liouville’s / Boltzmann’s equation along with the fluid / magnetofluid equations. The representation of Liouville’s equation is usually by way of superparticles, Hockney and Eastwood (1981), which map out the trajectory of a distribution in phase space. The representation of the fluid phase is usually best done on a grid. Such composite systems where a grid-based representation and a particle-based representation are simultaneously required are called hybrid systems. The time-evolution of such systems always entails making a consistent evaluation of the potential and forces at all particle positions and grid positions.